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The James Webb Space Telescope
The document describes the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), its capabilities, and its scientific objectives, including studying the first galaxies, the birth of stars and planets, and the search for life on exoplanets. It highlights the differences in design and function compared to the Hubble Space Telescope, emphasizing JWST's infrared capabilities. The document outlines the instruments onboard JWST, including imaging and spectroscopic tools, and its importance in answering fundamental questions about the universe.
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The James Webb Space Telescope
- 1. The James WebbSpace Telescope Jason Kalirai1, Alberto Conti1 & Blake Bullock2 1 Space Telescope Science Institute, 2 Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems
- 2. The JWST FullScale Model NY City Florida Ireland Washington Seattl , DC e! ny Germa
- 3. JWST Science Themes 1.) The End of the Dark Ages 2.) The Assembly and Evolution of Galaxies 3.) The Birth of Stars and Planets 4.) The Origins of Life Fundamental Q’s for Humankind 1.) How did the Universe form? 2.) Is our Solar System unique? 3.) Are we alone?
- 4. The James WebbSpace Telescope James Webb (1906 – 1992) - Second Administrator of NASA (1961 – 1968) - Oversaw first manned spaceflight program (Mercury) - Oversaw second manned spaceflight program (Gemini) - Oversaw Mariner and Pioneer planetary exploration programs - Oversaw Apollo program
- 5. The James WebbSpace Telescope Not your Average Looking Telescope!
- 6. The James WebbSpace Telescope The Next Big Telescope after Hubble: JWST HST - Size of a school bus - Distance = 350 miles - Orbital time (earth) = 97 minutes - Weight = 24,500 lbs - Length = 43.5 feet www.jwst.nasa.gov JWST - Size of a tennis court - Distance = 930,000 miles - Orbital time (Sun) = 1 year - Weight = 14,000 lbs - Length = 72 feet - Operating temperature = 40 K
- 7. Light gathering power The James Webb Space Telescope (Mirror Area) JWST HST Spitzer 0.1 microns 1 microns 10 microns 100 microns Wavelength
- 9. The James WebbSpace Telescope Not your Average Looking Telescope!
- 10. JWST Instruments: Imaging,Spectroscopy, & Coronography The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) - Visible and near infrared camera (0.6 – 5 micron) - 2.2’ x 4.4’ field of view, diffraction limited - Coronographs NIRCam The Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) - Multi-object spectrograph (1 – 5 micron) - 3.4’ x 3.4’ FOV, 0.1” pixels - R = 1000 and 2700 gratings; R = 100 prism - 3” x 3” IFU NIRSpec
- 11. JWST Instruments: Imaging,Spectroscopy, & Coronography The Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) - Mid-infrared camera and spectrograph (5 – 28 microns) - 1.9’ x 1.4’ imaging FOV, 0.11” pixels - R = 100 slit spectrograph (5 – 10 micron) and IFU (R = 3000) - Coronographs MIRI The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) - Infrared imager and slitless spectrograph - 2.2’ x 2.2’ FOV The Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) - 2.4’ x 2.4’ imager for target acquisition - Rapid readout of subarray for ACS control - 95% probability of finding a guide star anywhere in sky NIRISS and FGS
- 12. The James WebbSpace Telescope Telescopes can see Different Types of Light - Hubble primarily sees “visible” light, similar to our eyes - JWST will see “Infrared” light, light that our eyes can not see - Infrared observations can unveil hidden objects behind gas and dust
- 13. The James WebbSpace Telescope JWST Launch - Launch vehicle is an Ariane 5 rocket, supplied by ESA - Site will be Arianespace’s ELA-3 launch complex near Kourou, French Guiana Arianespace – ESA - NASA
- 15. JWST: Finding Life-BearingPlanets Searching for the Goldilocks Planet!
- 16. JWST: Finding Life-BearingPlanets Determining Robust Physical Parameters Doppler Method Transit Method Determine Planet Mass Determine Planet Diameter Calculate Planet Density and Infer Composition: Gas giant (Jupiter), Ice giant (Neptune), or Rocky planet (Earth)
- 17. JWST: Finding Life-BearingPlanets Transits Allow Studies of Atmospheres Secondary Eclipse See thermal radiation and reflected light from planet disappear and reappear See radiation from star transmitted through the planet’s atmosphere Transit Detection of: -Atoms & Molecules -Stratospheres -Clouds -Winds
- 18. JWST: Finding Life-BearingPlanets What Would the Earth’s Spectrum Look Like? - Every planet has a unique fingerprint, produced by its atmosphere. - The Earth shows nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. JWST WILL PENETRATE THE ATMOSPHERES OF EXOPLANETS The F inger prints of Pla nets O2 ,O3 H2O CO2 CH4
- 19. JWST: Finding Life-BearingPlanets A “Wish List” for Exoplanet Spectroscopy Platform …Dr. David Charbonneau’s (CfA/Harvard) 1.) Orbit that assures thermal stability and low background 2.) Orbit that assures long dwell times 3.) A stable PSF and excellent pointing 4.) Infrared sensitivity (planetary temperatures; molecules) 5.) Aperture sufficient to permit med resolution spectroscopy These are obtained with a large aperture, cryogenic telescope placed at L2, with a detailed error budget and careful instrument characterization prior to launch “JWST is an excellent platform for Exoplanet Spectroscopy”
- 20. JWST: Finding Life-BearingPlanets A Simulated JWST/NIRSpec Observation - Hydrogen-Rich Super Earth (1.4 REARTH, 5 MEARTH) NIRSpec – 20 transits (Binned to R ~ 300) M. Clampin – Model by E. Kempton
- 21. JWST and FirstGalaxies JWST will Study the First Galaxies Why measure galaxies in the Universe’s first billion years? •Seeds of today’s galaxies started growing. •Dark matter halos of massive galaxies first formed. •Significant metals first formed. •When the Universe was reionized.
- 22. The Hubble UDF (F105W,F125W, F160W) Simulated JWST
- 23. Scientific Discovery Potential The Extragalactic Source of Gamma Dark Energy and the Distance Scale and Ray Bursts Universe’s Expansion Science Goals Hubble Constant Science Discoveries Origin and evolution Supermassive of Solar System Black Holes The Age of Gravitational Lensing The Universe and Dark Matter ??? Imaging and Intensities of Spectroscopy Supernovae T of Exoplanets H S ST JW ??? Find Water on Other Planets Gas in Galaxies and Quasar Absorption Lines Ages of Stellar Pops Unveil Newborn Beyond Milky Way Solar Systems ??? ??? ??? Find the First Stars Map the Evolution and Galaxies of Galaxies
- 24. The James WebbSpace Telescope Want More Information…
- 25. The James WebbSpace Telescope Visit JWST at: - The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI): http://www.stsci.edu/jwst/ - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ - European Space Agency (ESA): http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=29 - Canadian Space Agency (CSA): http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/jwst/default.asp - Northrop Grumman: http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/products/jwst/index.html - JWST Observer Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/JWST-Observer/103134319723237 - flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nasawebbtelescope/ - JWST Public Website: http://webbtelescope.org/webb_telescope/ - JWST Public Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/webbtelescope - Twitter: @NASAWebbTelescp - YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAWebbTelescope - JWST Webb-cam: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/webcam.html - Newsletter at STScI: https://blogs.stsci.edu/newsletter/ - Newsletter at GSFC: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/newsletters.html
Editor's Notes
- #8 A comparison for just optical and near-IR great observatories. - Stress that key element of a telescope is the light gathering power, which scales with the area of the primary mirror, not the diameter.
- #9 This is nice since it highlights the complexity of the mirrors, and can be followed up with the nice gold coated images in your talk.
- #10 - 5 layers - 185 degrees F on the hot side -388 degrees F on the cold side - thermally stable environment
- #11 1.) Picture on the left is the NIRCam engineering test unit. The instrument has two identical modules. 2.) Picture on the right is a single exposure 2.2 ’ x 4.4’ exposure. The two wavelengths are observed simultaneously via dichroics
- #12 1.) Picture on the left is the NIRCam engineering test unit. The instrument has two identical modules. 2.) Picture on the right is a single exposure 2.2 ’ x 4.4’ exposure. The two wavelengths are observed simultaneously via dichroics
- #16 Maggie Masetti, Goddard - Picture on bottom is their fridge.
- #22 - JWST looks like it will only provide a small increment in time - but HST is only scratching the surface at z>6 in reionization epoch - crucial astrophysics and large numbers and depths from JWST - and extend into "first galaxy" regime at z>10 (earlier than about 500 Myr)
- #23 A comparison for just optical and near-IR great observatories. - Stress that key element of a telescope is the light gathering power, which scales with the area of the primary mirror, not the diameter.
- #25 Could add to technology slides: This is nice since it highlights the complexity of the mirrors, and can be followed up with the nice gold coated images in your talk.
- #26 This slide will be the first announcement of this meeting ’s new location and dates to the community. Meeting will bring together top scientists to inspire thought and discussion on high-reward JWST science.