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DSD-INT 2025 3D Modeling of Shallow Water Dynamics Using Delft3D FM - Martins
Presentation by Cicero Martins Jr. (University of Palermo, Italy) at the Delft3D User Days, during the Delft Software Days - Edition 2025 (DSD-INT 2025). Monday, 10 November 2025, Delft.
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DSD-INT 2025 3D Modeling of Shallow Water Dynamics Using Delft3D FM - Martins
- 1. 3D Modeling ofShallow Water Dynamics Using Delft3D FM Case Study from the Stagnone Lagoon, Sicily Cicero Martins Jr.
- 2. Overview INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND RESEARCH CHALLENGES MODELING APPROACH RESULTSCONCLUSIONS & NEXT STEPS
- 3. Stagnone a coastal lagoonin western Sicily (2200 ha - natural reserve) • Shallow depths (<1m) • Restricted exchange with sea • Environmental and economical relevance INTRODUCTION
- 4. Why the StagnoneLagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 5. z Why the StagnoneLagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 6. • Why the StagnoneLagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 7. z • Why the StagnoneLagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 8. Why the StagnoneLagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 9. Why the StagnoneLagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 10. 2025-03-04 2025-03-09 2025-03-22 Whythe Stagnone Lagoon matters? • Morphological complexity • shallow water (mean depth 95 cm) • two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea • northern mouth characterised by low depths • 20 cm; dry during low tide • water exchange influenced by wind and tidal effects • presence of islands inside the lagoon • Economic, Cultural and Touristic relevance • Several salines conforming the lagoon, • presence of an ancient submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction, • Kitesurfing spot • Environmental vulnerability • Natural reserve area; • Seagrass meadows: Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa; • Progressive sediment deposition INTRODUCTION
- 11. Background Several studies inlast 20 years Previous modeling efforts: PANORMUS, MIKE21 and Delft3D 4 Need to capture stratification and wind- driven circulation Towards high- resolution operational modeling BACKGROUND
- 12. Background Several studies inlast 20 years Previous modeling efforts: PANORMUS, MIKE21 and Delft3D 4 Need to capture stratification and wind- driven circulation Towards high- resolution operational modeling BACKGROUND
- 13. Research Challenges Several studiesin last 20 years Previous modeling efforts: PANORMUS, MIKE21 and Delft3D 4 Need to capture stratification and wind-driven circulation Towards high- resolution operational modeling 3D Modeling, but why? 2D models insufficient for vertical dynamics Influence of wind shear and shallow stratification Goal: realistic circulation and transport predictions RESEARCH CHALLENGES
- 14. Research Challenges Several studiesin last 20 years Previous modeling efforts: PANORMUS, MIKE21 and Delft3D 4 Need to capture stratification and wind-driven circulation Towards high- resolution operational modeling RESEARCH CHALLENGES
- 15. Data Collection USV BATHYMETRY SURVEYS METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS DRIFTERSFOR TRACKING SURFACE CURRENTS SATELLITE DATA MODELING APPROACH
- 16. Delft3D FM mesh(unstructured grid) 107k 3D cells, 5 layers Boundary conditions: Water Level Time-Series - North and South mouth Bathymetry available (2006) MODELING APPROACH Model Setup
- 17. Delft3D FM mesh(unstructured grid) 107k 3D cells, 5 layers Bounday conditions: Water Level Time-Series - North and South mouth Wind forcing: Time-series(Mulino station) Simulation period: 8 days, 02/07 – 09/07/2025 MODELING APPROACH Model Setup
- 18. Bounday conditions: WaterLevel Time-Series - North and South mouth Wind forcing: Time-series(Mulino station) Simulation period: 8 days, 02/07 – 09/07/2025 Eddy viscosity in x: 1E-01m²/s; in y: 1E-09m²/s Initial water level: 0m Roughness: Manning uniform and variable MODELING APPROACH Model Setup 0.012 0.026 0.031 0.028
- 19. Wind forcing: Time-series(Mulinostation) Simulation period: 8 days, 02/07 – 09/07/2025 Eddy viscosity in x: 1E-01m²/s; in y: 1E-09m²/s Initial water level: 0m Roughness: Manning uniform and variable Particle tracking: reproduce stokes drifters MODELING APPROACH Model Setup
- 20. Results RESULTS Water Level And Velocities Uniform Manning 0.02 Variable Manning overdiferente Roughness S1 S2 S2 S1
- 21. Results RESULTS Water Level -0,15 -0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 1-7-25 2-7-253-7-25 4-7-25 5-7-25 6-7-25 7-7-25 8-7-25 9-7-25 AE Measured AE Simulated - Variable Manning over diferente Roughness -0,15 -0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 1-7-25 2-7-25 3-7-25 4-7-25 5-7-25 6-7-25 7-7-25 8-7-25 9-7-25 AE Measured AE Simulated Manning .04 Variable Manning Uniform Manning 0.04
- 22. Results RESULTS Water Level over diferenteRoughness 3D Variable Manning v2 Manning 0.04 Manning 0.02 Manning 0.06 2D Variable Manning
- 23. Results RESULTS Particle tracking Working Seting up INP andMDP Files Results Preliminary results need improvement Checking Wind drag on Flow + Layers Roughness on Part Deploy 01 08/07/25 08:14 Deploy 02 08/07/25 08:46 Deploy 03 08/07/25 08:48 1 2 3 1 2 3
- 24. Conclusions and FutureWork Refine calibration and validation vs Field Data New vegetation map to update Roughness through Remote Sensing Development of operational Digital Twin framework CONCLUSIONS & NEXT STEPS Comparisons show good agreement for Water Level 3D modeling useful to find new insights Tide forces dominates in N-S, Wind in E-W
- 25.