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Introduction to Apache Maven
The document serves as an introduction to Apache Maven, detailing its purpose as a project management tool that manages builds, dependencies, and project lifecycles. It covers topics such as installation, configuration, creating a first Maven project, understanding the Project Object Model (POM), and managing external dependencies. Additionally, it outlines dependency scopes, project lifecycle management commands, and the use of plugins and repositories.
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Introduction to Apache Maven
- 1. Introduction to Apache RajindRuparathna AdroitLogic
- 2. Outline ● What isMaven? ● Download and Installation ● Configuring Maven ● First Maven Project ● What is a POM? ● Using External Dependencies ● Project Lifecycle Management ● Using External Repositories ● Using Plugins 2
- 3. What is Maven? Mavenis essentially a project management tool and as such provides a way to help with managing: ● Builds ● Documentation ● Reporting ● Dependencies ● SCM ● Releases ● Distribution 3
- 4. Download and Installationhttps://maven.apache.org/download.cgi 4
- 5. Configuring Maven Maven configurationoccurs at 3 levels: ● Installation - this is configuration added once for a Maven installation ● User - this is configuration specific to a particular user ● Project - most static configuration occurs in pom.xml You can specify your user configuration in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml. ● Configuring your Local Repository ● Configuring a Proxy ● Security and Deployment Settings 5
- 6. Configuring your LocalRepository The location of your local repository can be changed in your user configuration. The default value is ${user.home}/.m2/repository/. Note: The local repository must be an absolute path. 6
- 7. Configuring Security andDeployment Settings 7
- 8. First Maven Project Tocreate our first Maven project we are going to use Maven's archetype mechanism. An archetype is defined as an original pattern or model from which all other things of the same kind are made. mvn -B archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-app 8
- 9. First Maven Projectcontd. 9
- 10. What is aPOM? - Project Object Model ● It is an XML file that contains information about the project and configuration details used by Maven to build the project. 10
- 11. What is aPOM? contd. XML Artifact Descriptor Hierarchy Dependencies 11
- 12. Using External Dependencies ●Transitive Dependencies ○ Excluded/Optional Dependencies ● Dependency Scope ● Dependency Management 12
- 13. Transitive Dependencies There aretwo types of Maven dependencies: ● Direct: These are dependencies defined in your pom.xml file under the <dependencies/> section. ● Transitive: These are dependencies that are dependencies of your direct dependencies. 13
- 14. Dependency Scope Dependency scopeis used to limit the transitivity of a dependency, and also to affect the classpath used for various build tasks. compile This is the default scope, used if none is specified. Compile dependencies are available in all classpaths of a project. Furthermore, those dependencies are propagated to dependent projects. provided This is much like compile, but indicates you expect the JDK or a container to provide the dependency at runtime. This scope is only available on the compilation and test classpath, and is not transitive. 14
- 15. Dependency Scope contd. runtime Thisscope indicates that the dependency is not required for compilation, but is for execution. It is in the runtime and test classpaths, but not the compile classpath. test This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for normal use of the application, and is only available for the test compilation and execution phases. This scope is not transitive. system This scope is similar to provided except that you have to provide the JAR which contains it explicitly. The artifact is always available and is not looked up in a repository. 15
- 16. Dependency Exclusions Since mavenresolves dependencies transitively, it is possible for unwanted dependencies to be included in your project's classpath. Therefore explicit dependency exclusion can be used. Excluded artifacts will not be added to your project's classpath. 16
- 17. Project Lifecycle Management Compilingapplication sources - mvn compile Compile test sources and run unit tests - mvn test Creating a JAR and installing it in my local repository - mvn package -mvn install Removing the target directory -mvn clean 17
- 18. Using External Repositories Arepository in Maven is used to hold build artifacts and dependencies of varying types. There are strictly only two types of repositories: local and remote Offline: mvn -o package Force Update: mvn install -U 18
- 19. Using Plugins Whenever youwant to customise the build for a Maven project, this is done by adding or reconfiguring plugins. For this example, we will configure the Java compiler to allow specific java version ({java.version}) sources. 19
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