Embedded systems and their applications in our daily routine

Embedded Systems
and their Applications
in our Daily Routine
Prepared By: Asad Qayyum
Roll No: 12-SE-77
Supervised By: Sir Saadat Hanif Dar
Department of Software Engineering
MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
A Presentation On

Learning Objectives
 Introduction to Embedded Systems
 What is an Embedded System
 Application Areas
 Applications Areas: A general overview
 Application Areas: Exploring the terms
 Role of Embedded Systems in our Daily
Routine

What is an Embedded System
 Definition for: Embedded Systems
 A combination of hardware and software which together form
a component of a larger machine.
 An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that
controls an automobile engine.
 An embedded system is designed to run on its own without
human intervention, and may be required to respond to events
in real time.
 Source: www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary

ApplicationsApplications
AreasAreas

A general overview of Embedded
System Applications
 Automobiles
 Telecommunication
 Medical Systems
 Consumer Electronics
 Banking
 Home Appliances
 Offices
 Security
 Academia
 Agriculture

A general overview of Embedded
System Applications
 Anti-lock Brakes
 Auto-focus Camera
 Automatic Teller Machines
 Automatic Toll Systems
 Automatic Transmission
 Elevators
 Power Suppliers
 Avionic Systems

Application Areas: Exploring the terms
 Medical Systems
 pace maker, patient monitoring systems, injection
systems, intensive care units, …
 Office Equipment
 printer, copier, fax, …
 Tools
 Multi-meter, oscilloscope, line tester, GPS, …
 Banking
 ATMs, statement printers, …
 Transportation
 (Planes/Trains/[Automobiles] and Boats)
 radar, traffic lights, signaling systems, …

Application Areas: Exploring the terms
 Building Systems
 Elevator, Heater, Air conditioning, Lighting, Key card entries,
Locks, Alarm systems
 Agriculture
Feeding systems, Milking systems.
 Consumer Electronics
 Mp3 players
 Mobile phones
 Videogame consoles
 GPS receivers
 Printers

 Embedded systems perform specific tasks.
 They have microcontroller as the main part which controls all the
operations required through them. This presentation on examples
of embedded systems can help you to get an idea of common
systems which we use in our daily lives.
 These systems are smart and more efficient, which is increasing
their use day by day. Almost every device that we use today is an
example of embedded systems. Embedded systems examples can
be seen at our homes, at offices, in industries and in automation
systems.
 So, in simple words, most of the daily routine appliances, devices
or automated equipment lies in the circle of Embedded Systems
Examples.
Role of Embedded Systems in our Daily Routine:

 Automobiles
 Home Security Systems
 Automated Teller Machine
 Industrial Robots
 Digital Camera
 Personal Digital Assistant
 Automatic Washing Machine
 Microwave Oven
Few of these Examples of Embedded Systems were discussed
in this presentation, if you learn embedded systems then you
can also create something, helpful to society. So, let’s get
started with these Examples of Embedded Systems.
Role of Embedded Systems in our Daily Routine:

Automobiles: Embedded Systems Everywhere

 Home Security System
• Home security systems are used largely today.
• These systems have several features just as
checking for fire or gas leakages, and detecting
if someone suspicious tries to enter the house.
• A microcontroller is used for controlling all the
operations. Sensors give data and if something
wrong happens than safety alarms get
activated.
• Sensors used in such systems include gas
sensors, smoke sensors, temperature sensors,
IR sensors etc. Also a keypad is included in such
systems for entering password at the gate.

 Home Security System
• If correct password is entered then this embedded system
opens the gate and if someone tries to enter wrong
password than alarm is set on and gates remain closed.
• The output is received from alarms or some display
• The output can also be sent to some distant location.
• If family members are not present in home then still they
can monitor the activities going on in their house.
• Home security system is not limited to homes.
• Such systems can be used at shops, stores and in
industries.
• Almost every industry and office has security systems that
can recognize the workers from their face or identity cards.

Home Security System: An Embedded System Application

• An automated teller machine (ATM) is also an embedded system.
• A customer can access and perform his transactions without going to
the bank and meeting some assistant.
• This machine consists of a card reader for detecting card and accessing
information of the person.
• Also it has a keypad so the user can enter his commands and password.
• A screen displays information. A printer prints the receipts and cash is
received from cash dispenser.
• A network is present between the bank computer and ATM machine
through a host computer.
• All the data is verified with the bank computer and all transactions are
stored in it.
• All these input and output operations are carried with the help of
microcontroller.
• So this makes a one of the best examples of embedded systems.
 Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

ATM: An Embedded System Application

 Industrial Robots
• An industrial robot is an embedded system
that comes in a variety of forms and each
performs a number of different tasks.
• Some industrial robots are used for moving
parts, tools, materials etc.
• Some are used in assembly operations while
some of them are used in manufacturing.
• These robots have increased the
productivity.
• They are widely used where precise
operations are required or at the places
which are difficult to access for humans.
• Painting robots have a wide application area.

• They are replacing humans as they require
less time for the whole operation and ensure
best result.
• All of the activities are controlled through
the program.
• Timing for the whole process and amount of
paint is preset.
• Assembly robot is another example of
industrial robots.
• The task of such robot is to create an
assembly from all the parts.
• All parts are collected and assembled in
correct sequence to form final product.
• All are good embedded systems examples.
 Industrial Robots

Industrial Robot: An Embedded System Application

 Digital Camera
• A digital camera is very good example of embedded
systems.
• Cameras that we use today are smart and have a lot of
features that were not present in early cameras all
because of embedded system used in them.
• A digital camera has basically three functions, to
capture image which we call data, to store image data,
and to represent this data.
• Today images are stored and processed in form of
digital data in bits.
• There is no need of film for storing images. This
feature has increased the storage capacity and made it
easy to transfer images.

 Digital Camera
• In digital cameras, first image is captured and converted to
digital form.
• This digital image is stored in internal memory.
• When the camera is attached to your personal computer for
uploading images, it transfers the stored data.
• Smart cameras are able to capture details of the scene.
• These cameras analyze the images and are able to detect
humans, motion, faces etc. from the whole image.
• For detection of objects in the image, some processing is
required in cameras.
• Usually, image processing includes low level processing and
high level processing.
• Various algorithms are available that are employed for this
purpose.

Application of Embedded
System in Digital camera

 Personal Digital Assistant
• Personal Digital Assistant is just like a personal computer in hand. It
was used before smartphones came out.
• PDA is used as information manager and has the ability to connect
to internet.
• It has a display mostly touchscreen for the user to interact with the
device.
• The display is used for entering data, memory card is used for
storing data and it is provided with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi for
connectivity.
• Some of the personal digital assistants use keypads instead of
touchscreen to input information.
• This device is very handy in managing and sorting personal
information. It is very light in weight and serves multiple functions

PDA : An Embedded System Application

 Automatic Washing Machine
• Washing clothes is not a difficult task now owing to
embedded systems.
• Machines have a microcontroller for controlling all the
tasks.
• Sensors and actuators in this case are level sensors, valves,
motor and also a display and keypad to input information.
• Once you load clothes in machine, the whole process
consists of three cycles. Washing, rinsing and spinning.
• All the three cycles are initiated by machine itself. You just
have to enter information for hot or cold water and press
start button.

 Automatic Washing Machine
• During washing and rinsing cycle, water is added to the drum
by pipes.
• Closing and opening of valves for adding water is checked
through level sensors by microcontroller.
• Then the rotation of drum starts for pre-set time. After that
water is drained out through pipes.
• During spinning cycle, water is not added and drum rotates
for a set time.
• All the processes are controlled by microcontroller program.
• The timings for each cycle can be changed through the
keypad.
• So this was another embedded systems examples.

 Microwave Oven
• The two operating systems within a microwave oven connect
directly to one another through the path of electricity that flows
through the oven.
• Power enters a microwave oven through a power cord in the
form of electricity.
• A series of fuses within the oven moves this electricity from the
power cord to the computer system.
• The computer system relays information through a switch called
a “Triac”, which works only if all of the fuses and switches
translating electricity throughout the oven operate properly.
• The “Triac” helps to protect a microwave oven's electrical
problems.
• If everything works properly, the “Triac” turns on the oven's high-
voltage transformer, which generates the electromagnetic, or
micro, waves that cook food.

 Microwave Oven
• The embedded system in a microwave oven works as a
command device.
• It is designed to take directions from the keypad and
turn them into commands.
• If, for instance, you program a microwave oven to
operate on high for two minutes, the embedded
system triggers the high voltage transformer to
operate on full blast for two minutes.
• When the two minutes expire, the embedded system
commands the transformer to turn off.
• Because the embedded system does nothing more
than translate simple commands, it contains relatively
simple programming.

Microwave Oven : An Embedded System Application

References:
1: The Engineering Projects:
https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2016/11/examples-of-embedded-systems.html
2: Computer User
https://www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary
3: Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
4: Slide Share:
https://www.slideshare.net/Ikhwan_Fakrudin/embedded-system-chapter-1
https://www.slideshare.net/boopathynathan/embedded-systems-31818026
https://www.slideshare.net/AnkurSoni23/introduction-to-embedded-system-69762332
5: Hunker
https://www.hunker.com/12612565/operating-systems-in-microwave-ovens

Embedded systems and their applications in our daily routine

Embedded systems and their applications in our daily routine

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