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Qunatum computing
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- 2. Overview Introduction Qubit. How to writeand read a Qubit. Superposition Double Slit experiment. Schrodinger’s Cat experiment. Quantum Entanglement Applications
- 3. Introduction Quantum computingis the computing which uses the laws of quantum mechanics to process information. Quantum mechanics deals with motion and interaction of subatomic particles. Eg, atom, electrons. Quantum computer works on qubits, which stands for "Quantum Bits".
- 4. QUBIT Qubit is similarto a bit in classical computers. They store -0 -1 -0 and 1 both. Qubits are made with Sub atomic particles .
- 5. How electrons canbe used to store data? Electron is a charged particle When a charged particle move they create a magnetic field. So electron behaves like a magnet. It has 2 states Spin up. Spin down.
- 6. Taking 2 electronsto make Qubit. = = = = 11 01 10 11
- 7. Firstly, weapply a strong magnetic field , electron comes in SPIN DOWN position. Spin Up – 1 Spin Down -0 Now for writing “1” , we apply a microwave of specific frequency , and let the electron come in SPIN UP. For 0, it is already in SPIN DOWN. How To Write a Qubit.
- 8. How To Reada Qubit. If the electron stores “1” , then if we remove the microwave then a photon of particular wavelength is emitted, and electron comes in low energy states. And in case of “0” nothing is emited.
- 9. 2 important behavioursof electron Quantum Superposition. Quantum Entanglement.
- 10. Superposition The principleof Superposition states that “while we do not know what the state of any electron is, it is actually in all possible states simultaneously, as long as we don't look to check”.
- 11. Superposition of Singleelctron’s states
- 12. Superposition of 2electron’s states
- 13. Schrodinger’s Cat experiment To illustrate this theory, we can use the famous analogy of Schrodinger's Cat. First, we have a living cat and place it in a thick lead box. We then throw in a vial of cyanide and seal the box. We do not know if the cat is alive if the cyanide capsule has broken the cat has died. Since we do not know, the cat is both dead and alive According to quantum law –It is in a superposition of states. “It is only when we break open the box and see what condition the cat is then only the superposition is lost, and the cat must be either alive or dead.”
- 14. Cat isclosed in a closed box .
- 15. Double slit experiment On the left, we have a gun that can fire bullets The bullets will be fired at a wall that has two slits. Behind the wall with two slits, is a wall that will measure the number of bullets that got through the wall and where they landed. The graph behind this wall will display the probability distribution for where the bullets hit. First, we’ll leave the bottom slit open. The distribution is normal. When we leave the top slit open, the distribution is once again normal. When both slits are left open, the distribution is simply the sum of the two previous distributions. This tells us that the bullets go though one slit or the other.
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- 17. Interference of waterwaves Wave
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- 21. Interference of electrons Whichslit does an electron pass through ? It passes through both the slits at the same time.
- 22. Why electron showsthis behaviour? Electron acts like “particles as well as wave”.
- 23. The double slitexperiment Interference of electrons But when we observe then then it starts behaving like a particle.
- 24. What are theconclusions? When we “observe” the electron, it “behaves” like particles. Electron may exist in 2 positions at the same time.
- 25. Quantum Entanglement Whenelectron start interacting with each other , then they start behaving in a coupled manner. Here coupling means electron cannot represent the information individually, but if we read them together in some particular manner then we will get the information.
- 27. 2 qubit22 =4 bit 4 qubit 24 =16 bit 300 qubit 2300 bit 2300 is the no of particles present in this Universe
- 28. Application 1 all pathsone by one and find which is optimum. But Quantum Computer traverse all paths at same time and this is how our quantum computer does computation on TSP. Traverse gives output which is optimum. Travelling Sales Man Problem.
- 29. Application 2 How muchtime would a human take to find out the prime factors of this number. 1273618273681872649884029823850438598734989857938659385764872547624341294298402197498213749823409824098209850298502840923 9048029402049820420752746265371246524723564782349273509283508230580298509860398604099749608798347598307509385730457630583 7503560356038653087456230875602385763857360857630567302097568107581275821753680736508273560319876518765817582654187568207 5627569726027651826581725892548721548756295690265923765107561298765120875618756108756180275680172568017566108286734987529 0587239857239857239057293085716128748245625465214876254982715687235263046539728721648192764182764812746821746127648217648 2764827685976589374658746812746827468217468927567254794368174683274618746812734612987546574765247821461821276081201640812 7460213876408756847568736428376421807462876421708406827649204789234798247928479821479826508765834765082768017468327461802 7461023746120983472190847219847120749218759084375029387529387591837598327459834759823745983274598234759238465901647865832 4705623076523487563842765832407560238745618037562873419872984723984792817498127498759823406509837456087345068734568327458 9749827492837409281374982576834756875421655646547826487126489127468721648724687216487248672164897234687264872468172648712 6487236481726487256823475682347562837658397652839765283475623487562394875624387568273456298376528375682375682376582375628 3568327652353576235763485763284756837658376587356873658736587325687345683756837658375683756873658723568735672576235872365 8723658723658723658723658762358723658768235739487592387598234759803759823475983427598347598375983427598732454873658723648 2736482164821468273468217468724687246827143681274682734682376283946239842394628374682137648237468274687123468172346812736 4827346827436888 Human would take time that would equal to the life time of Galaxy. But Quantum Computer would take about 30 Seconds.
- 30. Application 3 RSAencryption will not be safe in Quantum World. This is because , RSA algorithm is based on prime factors. It computes n=pq, where p and q are prime numbers. Quantum Computers can solve them in Seconds.
- 31. Application 4 Developinga new drug is a complicated process. Chemists have to test tons of different molecular combinations to find one that actually has properties that are effective against a disease. This process can take years and cost millions of dollars. Chemists bring tons of these combinations to later-stage trials and many of them still end up failing. A quantum computer would be able to map out trillions of molecular combinations and quickly identify the ones that would most likely work, significantly cutting down the cost and the time of drug development.
- 32. Application 5 Accelerating spaceexploration Astronomers have discovered nearly 2,000 confirmed planets outside our solar system using the Kepler space telescope. The Kepler search involves peering at these distant so-called exoplanets and waiting for them to pass in front of their host star. When that happens, the exoplanets cast a shadow that astronomers can then analyze and make predictions about whether their atmosphere is suitable for life or not. A quantum computer could tackle more data in any given telescope view, spot more exoplanets, and help quickly identify which ones have the most potential to harbor life. It could even uncover exoplanets that Kepler missed during its first run through older images.
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