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Quantum Computation: What is it and Why?
The document discusses quantum computation, defining it as a computational device that leverages quantum-mechanical phenomena. It highlights the historical development of quantum computation, its advantages over classical computation, and mentions key figures and concepts, such as Turing machines, qubits, and the EPR paradox. The document also notes the current state of quantum computing, including Italy's minimal representation in the field.
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Quantum Computation: What is it and Why?
- 1. 77° Fiera delLevante 22 September 2013 16,40 Pad.7
- 2. Who am I? Degreein Mathematics Innovaction Lab, Puglia MasterEuropei stefano franco stefano@alumnimathematica.org
- 3. Just two questions: 1.What is Quantum Computation? 2. Why Quantum Computation?
- 4. “God does notthrow dice” (Einstein, 4 December 1926)
- 5. 1. What isQuantum Computation? A quantum computer is a computation device that makes direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform operations on data
- 6. 1.1 Historical notes Turingmachine Alan (1912-1954) Post-IIWW period physics is strictly connected to computation
- 7. - quantum computationis possible - - - 1970 Stephene Wiesner invents conjugate coding
- 8. - quantum computationis possible - quantum computation is different from classical computation - - 1973 Charles H. Bennett shows that computation can be done reversibly
- 9. - quantum computationis possible - quantum computation is different from classical computation - quantum computation is necessary for some computational devices - 1981 Richard Feynmann (Physic Nobel Prize)
- 10. 1.2 Bit vsQubit ...and the microscopic world? Bit
- 11. Curiosity: how manyinformation can be stored by a qubit? Exactly 2, like a classical bit (Holevo, 1973) Qubit
- 12. - quantum computationis possible - quantum computation is different from classical computation - quantum computation is necessary for some computational devices - quantum computation is better than the classical one
- 13. 2. Why QuantumComputation? Quantum computers are the only model of computation that escape the limitations on computation imposed by the extended Church-Turing thesis “a function is algorithmically computable if and only if it is computable by a Turing machine. Besides the machines conserve the same size order resolution time”
- 14. Consequences (potentially andnot formally): ● quantum computers are faster ● quantum computers are cheaper processor's performances and the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits doubled approximately every 18 months (Moore's Law)
- 15.
- 16. - quantum computationis possible - quantum computation is different from classical computation - quantum computation is necessary for some computational devices - quantum computation is better than the classical one because quantum computers resolve better some computational algorithms
- 17.
- 18. 2.1 EPR Paradox(1935) Can quantum mechanics be complete? Assumption 1. Physics reality 2. Locality 3. Completeness There exist local hidden variables!
- 19. Bell's Inequality (1964) (experimentallyAspect and co-workers, 1981) “There does not exist any local variable theory consistent with outcomes of quantum physics” Consequences Entanglement is not paradossal Quantum correlations in an EPR pair are “stronger” than classical correlations and create more powerful computational performances
- 20.
- 21. ● D-wave - Foundedin 1999 - 13 February 2007, Orion prototype ● Google 2009, first result on a quantum computer ● “D-wave skeptic” - Umesh Vazirani, Berkley - Scott Aaronson, MIT Boston In the world...
- 22. ...and in Italy? None(or almost)
- 23.
- 24. Alumni Mathematica, the newway to think math! www.alumnimathematica.org stefano@alumnimathematica.org