LEC 04.POSTURE of several aspect of the kine.ppt

Dr. Sumaira Abdul Ghani
MPHIL
IQRA UNIVERSITY

Session Objectives…
Learn how to build a functionally strong body for both daily living and peak
performance.
1. Define posture.
2. Learn about the factors that can influence postural alignment.
3. Discover how to assess and analyze static and dynamic posture within
scope of practice.
4. Identify common dysfunctional movement patterns
5. Identify exercises that may help restore muscle balance and correct
posture.

Posture….who cares!!??!!
• Performing involves 3 factors :
– How you Look
– How you Sound
– How You Act
• The audiences’ perception of your performance is influenced by
the way you carry yourself…attitude is everything!!… well,
….almost……
THE GENERAL WAY OF HOLDING THE BODY

• Birth
– Entire spine concave forward (flexed)
– “Primary curves”
• Thoracic spine
• Sacrum
• Developmental (usually around 3 mos.)
– Secondary curves
– Cervical spine
– Lumbar spine

Normal Postural Development
• Single C - curve at birth
• 4 to 5 months Cervical curve
– When extensors of the neck and back are
strengthened by head lifting
• 12 to 16 months Lumbar curve
– When extensors of the lower back are strengthened
by walking
• Lordosis - week abs/tight hip flexors

Normal Spine Curvature
Posterior (Back)
Spinal Column

Posture:
• The position of your body parts in relation
to each other Vertebral Alignment
– Counterbalancing anterior-posterior
curves
– Act as shock absorbers, reduce injury
• Postural Curves
– Primary curve: concave anteriorly (at
birth)
– Secondary curve: anteriorly convex
curves of cervical and lumbar regions
(develop during weight bearing)
• Pelvic position
– Should remain neutral
– ASIS and PSIS level in the transverse
plane
– ASIS and pubis symphysis are in same
vertical plane

Benefits of “Neutral Spine”…
• Powerful movements depend on
every part of the spine being strong.
• The spine coordinates whole body
power via proper execution of
movements or exercises.
• Perfect posture pays share by
reducing stress/loads which leads to
tension in the antigravity
musculature, degeneration of weight
bearing structures, less efficient
movement, misalignment and risk
for injury.
More specifically:
• Cervical spine gives your head
freedom of movement,
• Thoracic allows rotation of
your trunk,
• Lumbar spines provides
stability,
• Sacrum provides the base for
your spine to sit on.
• Sacroiliac joints act as a pivotal
axes allowing movement
integration between your legs,
pelvis and spine.

Posture of Children
• Child development and flexibility allows for momentary deviations that
would be considered faulty in adults.
– Foot generally flat until 6-7 years of age
– Hyperextension of knees common
– Knock-knee common until 6-7 years of age

POSTURE
• Posture is defined as
“A position or attitude of the body, the relative arrangement of the
body parts for a specific activity or characteristic manner of
bearing one’s body.”
• In general, posture is the position of your body parts in relation
to each other at any given time
• Ligaments, fascia, bones and joints are inert structures that
support the body, whereas muscles, tendonous attachments are
the dynamic structures that maintain the body in a posture or
move is one posture to another.

• Gravity plays an important role to maintain upright posture of
the body.
• Normally gravitational line goes through the physiologic
curves of the spinal column an they are balanced.
• If the weight in one region shifts away from the line of
gravity, the remainder of the column compensates the regain
equilibrium.

• For weight bearing joint to be stable, or in equilibrium, the
gravity line of the mass must fall exactly through the axis of
motion, or there must be a force to counteract the force of
gravity.
• In body, the counter force is either muscle or inner structures.
• Upright posture, usually involves a slight anterior-posterior
swaying of the body of about 4 cm.

Anti-gravity Muscles
• These muscles are the hip and knee
extensors, and the trunk and neck extensors.
Other muscles, perhaps less involved, but
also important in maintaining the upright
position, are the trunk and neck flexors and
lateral benders, hip abductors and adductors,
and the ankle pronators and supinators. If all
of these muscles were to relax, the body
would collapse.

What is posture?
• Posture is the position in which you hold your body upright
against gravity while standing, sitting or lying down.
Good posture involves training your body to stand, walk, sit
and lie in positions where the least strain is placed on
supporting muscles and ligaments during movement or
weight-bearing activities.

• Correct posture
– “Position in which minimum
stress is placed on each joint.”
(Magee)
• Faulty posture
– Any position that increases
stress on joints

CORRECT POSTURE
• Maximal biomechanical efficiency
• Minimal stress on ligaments and strain on muscles
“…that state of muscular and skeletal balance which
protects the supporting structures of the body against injury
or progressive deformity irrespective of the attitude (erect,
lying, squatting, stooping) in which these structures are
working or resting. Under such conditions the muscles will
function most efficiently and the optimum positions are
afforded for the thoracic and abdominal organs.” (AAOS)

PROPER POSTURE REQUIREMENT
1. Good muscle flexibility
2. Normal motion in the joints
3. Strong postural muscles
4. A balance of muscles on both sides of the spine
5. Awareness of your own posture, plus awareness of proper
posture which leads to conscious correction.
• With much practice, the correct posture for standing, sitting,
and lying down will gradually replace your old posture.

• Posture is the position of the body at a
given point in time
• Correct posture can:
– improve performance
– decrease abnormal stresses
– reduce the development of
pathological conditions

Minimal stress on the vertebral
joints and supporting ligaments.
Body segments
balanced around
the center of gravity
What is Good Posture?

POOR POSTURE
• Increased strain on body and less efficient
• Cause of various physiological and anatomical impairments
“…faulty relationship of the various parts of the body which
produces increased strain on the supporting structures and in
which there is less efficient balance of the body over its base of
support.” (AAOS)

Poor Posture
• One of the first indicators of poor posture is a
slouching or forward head posture.
• This posture closes down on lymphatic drainage
in the neck and will cause more strain on the
posterior neck muscles.
• It also increases the weight bearing on the discs
and can lead to premature arthritis of the neck.
• There are many causes of this type of posture
including car accidents,sports injuries,working
with computers and loss of bone density.

TYPES OF POSTURE
• STATIC POSTURE
• DYNAMIC POSTURE

STATIC POSTURE
• Body and segments are and maintained in certain posture.
• Static posture control involves maintenance of particular
posture against gravity.
• e.g lying or standing

STATIC POSTURE
• For any stationary posture to be maintained, two rules
of equilibrium must be satisfied.
i. A vertical line, directly through the Centre of gravity
of the body must fall within the body’s base of
support.
ii. The net torque (or moment) about each articulation of
the body must be zero. (pheasant, 1991).
• The static posture is that of the body at rest; although
obviously the body is never completely still, minute
postural adjustments are being made continually.

DYNAMIC POSTURE
• This is the adopted while the body is in
action, or in the defensive phase just prior
to an action occurring.

DYNAMIC POSTURE
• Body and body segments moving that is walking and running,
jumping, throwing and lifting.
• Dynamic posture involves maintenance of stability during
movements of the body.
• Human has the ability to arrange and to re-arrange the body
segments to form larger variety of postures bilateral single leg
erect standing, sitting, lying down and kneeling, maintain erect
bipedal position is difficult.

• It allows person to use their upper extremities for the
performance of large and small tasks.
• Erect posture increases work of heart increases stress on the
vertebral column, pelvis and lower extremities and reduces
stability.
• Maintain the static erect posture requires very little energy
expenditure in the form of muscle contraction.
• The bones, joints, ligaments are able to provide the major
torques needed counteract gravity, and frequent changes in
body position assist in permitting circulatory return.

LEC 04.POSTURE of several aspect of the kine.ppt

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