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knowledge representation in artificial intelligence
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- 2. What is knowledge? •facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. • Knowledge = information + rules • EXAMPLE • Doctors, managers.
- 3. What is Knowledgerepresentation? • Knowledge representation is a relationship between two domains. • Knowledge representation(KR) is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) that representing information about the world in a form of computer system, that can solve complex tasks, such as diagnosing a medical condition.
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- 5. • There are5 types of knowledge. • 1) Procedural k. • 2) Declarative k. • 3) Meta k. • 4) Heuristic k. • 5) Structural k.
- 6. 1)Procedural Knowledge • Givesinformation/ knowledge about how to achieve something. • Describes how to do things provides set of directions of how to perform certain tasks. • Procedural knowledge, also known as imperative knowledge, is the knowledge exercised in the performance of some task. • It depends on targets and problems. • Example • How to drive a car?
- 7. 2)Declarative knowledge • Itsabout statements that describe a particular object and its attributes , including some behavior in relation with it. • “Can this knowledge be true or false?” • It is non-procedural, independent of targets and problem solving. • Example • It is sunny today and chemise are red.
- 8. 3)Meta Knowledge • It’sa knowledge about knowledge and how to gain them. • Example • The knowledge that blood pressure is more important for diagnosing a medical condition than eyes color.
- 9. 4)Heuristic Knowledge • Representingknowledge of some expert in a field or subject. • Rules of thumb. • Heuristic Knowledge are sometimes called shallow knowledge. • Heuristic knowledge are empirical as opposed to deterministic.
- 10. 5)Structural Knowledge • Describeswhat relationship exists between concepts/ objects. • Describe structure and their relationship. • Example • How to various part of car fit together to make a car, or knowledge structures in term of concepts, sub concepts and objects.
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- 12. • There aremultiple approaches and scheme that comes to mind when we begin to think about representation. • 1)Pictures and symbols • 2)Graphs and network • 3)Numbers
- 13. 1)Pictures and symbols •Pictorial representation are not easily translate to useful information is computer because computer can’t interpret pictures directly with out complex reasoning. • Through pictures are useful for human understanding.
- 14. 2)Graph and network •Allows relationship between objects to be incorporated. • We can represent procedural knowledge using graphs.
- 15. 3)Numbers • Numbers arean integral part of knowledge representation used by humans. • Numbers translate easily to computer representation.
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- 17. Basically 4 typesof knowledge representation in AI • 1) Logical representation • 2) Production rule • 3) Semantic networks • 4) Frame representation
- 18. 1)LOGICAL REPRESENTATION • Inorder to give information to agent and get info without errors in communication. • Logic is based on truth. • There are 2 types of LR • 1)propositional logic(PL) • 2)first order predicate logic(FOL)
- 21. 2) PRODUCTION RULE •Consist of <condition,action>pairs. • Agent check if a conditions holds then give a new situation(state). • Production rule are belong to and same as propositional logic.
- 22. 3) SEMENTIC NETWORK •These represent knowledge in the form of graphical network. • Example • Tom is a cat • Tom is grey in color • Tom is mammal • Tom is owned by sam
- 23. Tom Cat Sam Mammal Grey Is a Is a Coloris Owne d by
- 24. 4) FRAME REPRESENTATION •Frames are record like structures that consist of a collection of slots or attributes and the corresponding slot value. • Slots have names and values called facets.