introdution-to-htmlppt.ppt

NAVYA B R
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ISE
SVIT

HTML CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• OBJECTIVE OF HTML
• WORLD WIDE WEB
• HTML TOOLS
• HTML TERMINOLGY
• HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
• S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L
DOCUMENT
• TEXT TEGS
• SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

INTRODUCTION OF
HTML
 HTML is a language for describing web
pages.
 HTML stands
for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup
tags
 HTML uses markup tags to describe web
pages

INTRODUCTION OF
HTML
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the
World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called
‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a
browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be
used on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on.
To display a document in web it is essential to mark-up the different e l
eme n t s ( h e a d i n g s , p a r a g r a p h s , t a b l e s , a n d s
o o n ) o f t h e document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up
document u s e r h a s t o o p e n t h e d o c u m e n t i n a b r
o w s e r . A b r o w s e r understands and interpret the HTML tags,
identifies the structure of the document (which part are which) and
makes decision about presentation (how the parts look) of the
document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look
attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User can make a link to
the other document or the different section of the same document by
creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks

OBJECTIVE OF HTML
 create, save and view a HTML
document
 format a web page using section
heading tags
 describe Ordered and Unordered lists
 explain graphics in HTML document
 describe hypertext links and making
text/image link

WORLD WIDE WEB
 The World Wide Web (abbreviated
as WWW or W3 and commonly known
as the Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet. With a web
browser, one can view web pages that
may contain text, images, videos, and
other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.

HTML TOOLS
• There are two tools of HTML.
a) HTML Editor: it is the program that one
uses to create and save HTML
documents. They fall into two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows one
to see the HTML code as one is creating a
document.e.g. Notepad.
- Netscape composer

HTML TOOLS
b) Web Browser: it is the program that one
uses to view and test the HTML
documents. They translate Html encoded
files into text,image,sounds and other
features user see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic Chrome are
examples of browsers that enables user to
view text and images and many more other
World Wide Web featueres.They are
software that must be installed on user
computer.

HTML TERMINOLGY
• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
• a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles
brackets. it is a piece of text is used to identify an
element so that the browser realizes how to display
its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag indicates the start of an
HTML document .HTML tag can be two types. They
are:-
• -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is
placed between a tag and its companions tag.In
paired tag ,the first tag is referred to as opening tag
and the second tag is referred to as closing tag.
• -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a
companion tag .unpaired tag also known as singular
or Stand-Alone tags.e.g: ,<hr> etc.

HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that specified in the
opening angle brackets. It supplies additional information like
color,size,home font-style etc to the browser about a tag. E.g. most
of the common attributes are height, color,width,src,border,align
etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules written in
standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML).HTML is define in
terms of its DTDS. All the details of HTML tags, entities and related
document structure are defined in the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s structure
such as a title, a paragraph or a list. It can include an opening and a
closing tag and the contents within it.

HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
 The essential tags that are required to
create a HTML document are:
 <HTML>.............</HTML>
 <HEAD>.............</HEAD>
 <BODY>.............</BODY>

HTML Tag <HTML>
• The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and
associated text within your document. It is an optional tag.
You can create an HTML document that omits these tags,
and your browser can still read it and display it. But it is
always a good form to include the start and stop tags.The
format is:
• <HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes
here
• </HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing
tag. The closing tag is the same as the opening tag,
except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in
closing tags.

An HTML document has two distinct parts
HEAD and BODY
• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>

HEAD Tag <HEAD>
• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag.
It contains TITLE tag to give the document
a title that displays on the browsers title bar
at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

BODY Tag <BODY>
• The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the
document with all the HTML tags that are used for control and
formatting of the page.The Format is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,
Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.

Attributes used with
<BODY>
 BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n
d c o l o r f o r t h e document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
 TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document
Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color

<BODY>
 MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the
document LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the
document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
 TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document
Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>

<BODY>
 BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an
image file (the files with an extension .gif,
.jpeg) that will be used as the background
of the document. The image file will be tiled
across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>

Follow the steps to create and
view in browser
• Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d ( c l i c k
o n Star t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>

S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A
H T M L DOCUMENT
 Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html
(go to File-Save As give File name:
myfirstpage.html-choose save as type:
All Files-click save)
 Step-4: Viewing document in web
browser (open Internet Explorer-click on
File-Open-Browse-select the file
myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok

TEXT TEGS
 Text tag are dividing into two categories
as:
-Character-level tags and attributes which
applies to formatting of individual letters
or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which
apply
=To formatting of sections of text.

Character Formatting Tag
 The character formatting tags are used
to specify how a particular text should
be displayed on the screen to
distinguish certain characters within the
document.

The most common character
formatting tags are
 Boldface : displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the Internet World 
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Italics : displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the Internet World 
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Subscript : displays text in Subscript
 Superscript : displays text in Superscript
 Small : displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font
 Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
 Underlinespecifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example: hello
Output: hello

Font Colors and
Size:
• By using Tag one can specify the
colors, size of the text. Example:
 Your text goes here 
Attributes of are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will
appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as
#rr0000 for red (in RGB hexadecimal
format), or by name. Example: Your text goes here

Font Colors and
Size:<FONT
• SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between
1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default
size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value
and it will add with the default size.
• Example:
 Font Size changes to 5 
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is
installed on the user’s machine.
• Example:
• the text will be displayed in
Arial

An HTML document formatText.html shows the use
of
Character Formatting Tags.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Welcome to the world of Internet</H1>
It is a

Network of Networks

</BODY>
</HTML>

OUTPUT
Welcome to the world of Internet
It is a Network of Networks

MARQUEE TAG
 This tag is used text horizontally across
the screen.it is mainly used to deliver a
specfic message to the visitor or to scroll
Ads on a page.
 Example: <marquee> hello
world></marquee>

Attributes of marquee tag
• Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the
marquee.
• Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee
box to either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-
down and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee
should be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the
marquee should 'Loop' its text. Each trip
counts as one loop.

paragraph Formatting Tag
 Paragraph level formatting applies to
formatting of an entire portion of text
unlike character level tags where only
individual letters or words are formatted.

The most common paragraph
formatting tags are
• Using paragraph tag: 
T h i s t a g i n d i c a t e s a p a r a g r a
p h ,u s e d t o s e p a r a t e two
paragraphs with a blank line.
• Example:
 Welcome to the world of HTML 
 First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes
here
• Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her

Using Line Break Tag: 
• The empty tag is used, where the text needs
to start from a new line and not continue on the
same line. To get every sentence on a new line, it is
necessary to use a line break.
• Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling 
B-31B, Calipash Colony 
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004

Using Preformatted Text Tag:
<PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control
over s p a c i n g a n d l i n e b r e a k s s u c h a s
t y p i n g a p o e m . B r o w s e r preserves your
space and line break in the text written inside the tag.
• Example:
<PRE>
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
• Output:
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-11004

An HTML document control.html shows the use of
,
 and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

An HTML document control.html shows the use of
,
 and <PRE>


HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. 
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple 
and easy to learn. 

<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

OUTPUT
• HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is
used for creating web page. It is very simple and
easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
and easy to learn.

Using Horizontal Rule Tag:
<HR>
• An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and
horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two
sections of text.
• Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her

<HR> accepts following
attributes
• SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value
is given as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative
width as percentage of the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50
percent of the page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and
CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal to width of the page.
• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it
specifies that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
• COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>

HEADING:
<H1>.............<H6>tags
HTML has six header tags <H1>,
<H2>...........<H6> used to specify
section headings. Text with header tags
is displayed in larger and bolder fonts
than the normal body text by a web
browser. Every .header leaves a blank
line above and below it when displayed
in browse.

Example: An HTML document, headings.html
shows the different section headings
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Viewing output of HTML
document
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1

SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• There are certain special characters that can
be used while creating document.Following
are some special character:
• Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣ ♠ ♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended
with a semicolon;

Example:
<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
 Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®

ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not
comply with standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if not all
browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost every website, if
not all websites.
• Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly
used for data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
• Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.

DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
• It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is
a static language
• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is
hard to grasp
• You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and
make sure not to use them
• Deprecated tags appear because another
language that works with HTML has replaced the
original work of the tag; thus the other language
needs to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are limited

CSS CONTENTS
 Introduction to CSS rule method
 CSS selectors
 How CSS matches rules to elements
 The parse tree
 The cascade
 How to include rules in an XHTML file
 A simple example
 Visual formatting and Dual presentation

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