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![Document Type
Definitions (DTD)
An XML document may have an optional
DTD.
DTD serves as grammar for the underlying
XML document, and it is part of XML
language.
DTDs are somewhat unsatisfactory, but no
consensus exists so far beyond the basic
DTDs.
DTD has the form:
<!DOCTYPE name [markupdeclaration]>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xml-215-presentation-160113092148/75/Xml-215-presentation-13-2048.jpg)
![DTD (cont’d)
DTD for it might be:
<!DOCTYPE db [
<!ELEMENT db (person*)>
<!ELEMENT person (name, age, email)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
]>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xml-215-presentation-160113092148/75/Xml-215-presentation-15-2048.jpg)
![Document Type
Definitions (DTD)
An XML document may have an optional
DTD.
DTD serves as grammar for the underlying
XML document, and it is part of XML
language.
DTDs are somewhat unsatisfactory, but no
consensus exists so far beyond the basic
DTDs.
DTD has the form:
<!DOCTYPE name [markupdeclaration]>](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/xml-215-presentation-160113092148/75/Xml-215-presentation-13-2048.jpg)
![DTD (cont’d)
DTD for it might be:
<!DOCTYPE db [
<!ELEMENT db (person*)>
<!ELEMENT person (name, age, email)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
]>](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/xml-215-presentation-160113092148/75/Xml-215-presentation-15-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byManish Chaurasia
Xml 215-presentation
This document provides an overview of XML, including: - XML is a markup language for structured documents defined by four specifications from the W3C. - It is more extensible than HTML and allows custom tags for different types of content. - Authoring XML involves using elements, attributes, and documents that follow specific syntax rules. - XML documents can be queried using languages like XML-QL, and data from different sources can be integrated and transformed using mediators.
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Xml 215-presentation
- 1. eXXtensible MMarkup LLanguage(XML) By: Albert Beng Kiat Tan Ayzer Mungan Edwin Hendriadi
- 2. Outline of Presentation Introduction Comparison between XML and HTML XML Syntax XML Queries and Mediators Challenges Summary
- 3. What is XML? eXtensible Markup Language Markup language for documents containing structured information Defined by four specifications: XML, the Extensible Markup Language XLL, the Extensible Linking Language XSL, the Extensible Style Language XUA, the XML User Agent
- 4. XML…. Based onStandard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Version 1.0 introduced by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1998 Bridge for data exchange on the Web
- 5. Comparisons Extensible setof tags Content orientated Standard Data infrastructure Allows multiple output forms Fixed set of tags Presentation oriented No data validation capabilities Single presentation XML HTML
- 6. Authoring XML Elements AnXML element is made up of a start tag, an end tag, and data in between. Example: <director> Matthew Dunn </director> Example of another element with the same value: <actor> Matthew Dunn </actor> XML tags are case-sensitive: <CITY> <City> <city> XML can abbreviate empty elements, for example: <married> </married> can be abbreviated to <married/>
- 7. Authoring XML Elements (cont’d) An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=). Example: <City ZIP=“94608”> Emeryville </City> Attributes are used to attach additional, secondary information to an element.
- 8. Authoring XML Documents Abasic XML document is an XML element that can, but might not, include nested XML elements. Example: <books> <book isbn=“123”> <title> Second Chance </title> <author> Matthew Dunn </author> </book> </books>
- 9. XML Data Model: Example <BOOKS> <bookid=“123” loc=“library”> <author>Hull</author> <title>California</title> <year> 1995 </year> </book> <article id=“555” ref=“123”> <author>Su</author> <title> Purdue</title> </article> </BOOKS> Hull Purdue BOOKS 123 555 California Su titleauthor title author article book year 1995 ref loc=“library”
- 10. Authoring XML Documents (cont’d) Authoring guidelines: All elements must have an end tag. All elements must be cleanly nested (overlapping elements are not allowed). All attribute values must be enclosed in quotation marks. Each document must have a unique first element, the root node.
- 11. Authoring XML Data Islands A data island is an XML document that exists within an HTML page. The <XML> element marks the beginning of the data island, and its ID attribute provides a name that you can use to reference the data island.
- 12. Authoring XML Data Islands(cont’d) Example: <XML ID=“XMLID”> <customer> <name> Mark Hanson </name> <custID> 29085 </custID> </customer> </XML>
- 13. Document Type Definitions (DTD) An XML document may have an optional DTD. DTD serves as grammar for the underlying XML document, and it is part of XML language. DTDs are somewhat unsatisfactory, but no consensus exists so far beyond the basic DTDs. DTD has the form: <!DOCTYPE name [markupdeclaration]>
- 14. DTD (cont’d) Consideran XML document: <db><person><name>Alan</name> <age>42</age> <email>agb@usa.net </email> </person> <person>………</person> ………. </db>
- 15. DTD (cont’d) DTDfor it might be: <!DOCTYPE db [ <!ELEMENT db (person*)> <!ELEMENT person (name, age, email)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)> ]>
- 16. DTD (cont’d) Occurrence Indicator: IndicatorOccurrence (no indicator) Required One and only one ? Optional None or one * Optional, repeatable None, one, or more + Required, repeatable One or more
- 17. XML Query Languages The first XML query languages LOREL (Stanford) XQL Several other query languages have been developed (e.g. UNQL, XPath) XML-QL considered by W3C for standardization Currently W3C is considering and working on a new query language: XQuery
- 18. A Query Languagefor XML: XML-QL Developed at AT&T labs To extract data from the input XML data Has variables to which data is bound and templates which show how the output XML data is to be constructed Uses the XML syntax Based on a where/construct syntax Where combines from and where parts of SQL Construct corresponds to SQL’s select
- 19. XML-QL Query: Example1 Retrieve all authors of books published by Morgan Kaufmann: where <book> <publisher><name> Morgan Kaufmann </name> </publisher> <title> $T </title> <author> $A </author> </book> in “www.a.b.c/bib.xml” construct <result> $A </result>
- 20. XML-QL Query: Example2 XML-QL query asking for all bookstores that sell The Java Programming Language for under $25: where <store> <name> $N </name> <book> <title> The Java Programming Language </title> <price> $P </price> </book> </store> in “www.store/bib.xml” $P < 25 construct <result> $N </result>
- 21. Semistructured Data and Mediators Semistructured data is often encountered in data exchange and integration At the sources the data may be structured (e.g. from relational databases) We model the data as semistructured to facilitate exchange and integration Users see an integrated semistructured view that they can query Queries are eventually reformulated into queries over the structured resources (e.g. SQL) Only results need to be materialized
- 22. What is amediator ? A complex software component that integrates and transforms data from one or several sources using a declarative specification Two main contexts: Data conversion: converts data between two different models e.g. by translating data from a relational database into XML Data integration: integrates data from different sources into a common view
- 23. Converting Relational Database toXML Example: Export the following data into XML and group books by store Relational Database: Store (sid, name, phone) Book (bid, title, authors) StoreBook (sid , bid, price, stock) Store BookStoreBook phone authors bidtitlesid name price stock
- 24. Converting Relational Database toXML (Cont’d) XML: <store> <name> … </name> <phone> … </phone> <book> <title>… </title> <authors> … </authors> <price> … </price> </book> <book>…</book> … </store>
- 25. Challenges facing XML Integration of data sharing Security