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Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) 4.5 Tutorial ...

The document provides an in-depth overview of lean and agile enterprise frameworks, specifically focusing on the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) 4.5. It outlines the necessity for agile methodologies in a complex, competitive environment and illustrates various models and practices for implementing these frameworks at different organizational levels. The author, Dr. David F. Rico, emphasizes the importance of agility in business processes to maximize value and adaptability in response to market changes.

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Lean & Agile Enterprise Frameworks — Scaled Agile Framework — SAFe 4.5 Tutorial Dr. David F. Rico, PMP, CSEP, FCP, FCT, ACP, CSM, SAFE, DEVOPS Twitter: @dr_david_f_rico Website: http://www.davidfrico.com LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/davidfrico Agile Capabilities: http://davidfrico.com/rico-capability-agile.pdf Agile Cost of Quality: http://www.davidfrico.com/agile-vs-trad-coq.pdf DevOps Return on Investment (ROI): http://davidfrico.com/rico-devops-roi.pdf Dave’s NEW Business Agility Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTvtsAkL8xU Dave’s NEWER Scaled Agile Framework SAFe 4.5 Video: http://youtu.be/1TAuCRq5a34 Dave’s NEWEST Development Operations Security Video: http://youtu.be/X22kJAvx44A DoD Fighter Jets versus Amazon Web Services: http://davidfrico.com/dod-agile-principles.pdf
Author Background  Gov’t contractor with 35+ years of IT experience  B.S. Comp. Sci., M.S. Soft. Eng., & D.M. Info. Sys.  Large gov’t projects in U.S., Far/Mid-East, & Europe 2   Career systems & software engineering methodologist  Lean-Agile, Six Sigma, CMMI, ISO 9001, DoD 5000  NASA, USAF, Navy, Army, DISA, & DARPA projects  Published seven books & numerous journal articles  Intn’l keynote speaker, 245+ talks to 95,400 people  Specializes in metrics, models, & cost engineering  Cloud Computing, SOA, Web Services, FOSS, etc.  Professor at 7 Washington, DC-area universities
3 Overruns Attrition Escalation Runaways Cancellation Global Competition Demanding Customers Organization Downsizing System Complexity Technology Change Vague Requirements Work Life Imbalance Inefficiency High O&M Lower DoQ Vulnerable N-M Breach Reduced IT Budgets 81 Month Cycle Times Redundant Data Centers Lack of Interoperability Poor IT Security Overburdening Legacy Systems Obsolete Technology & Skills Pine, B. J. (1993). Mass customization: The new frontier in business competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Pontius, R. W. (2012). Acquisition of IT: Improving efficiency and effectiveness in IT acquisition in the DoD. Second Annual AFEI/NDIA Conference on Agile in DoD, Springfield, VA, USA. Today’s WHIRLWIND Environment
Size vs. Quality DEFECTS 0.00 3.20 6.40 9.60 12.80 16.00 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE Size vs. Productivity PRODUCTIVITY 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE Size vs. Change CHANGE 0% 8% 16% 24% 32% 40% 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE Size vs. Success SUCCESS 0% 12% 24% 36% 48% 60% 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE 4Jones, C. (1991). Applied software measurement: Assuring productivity and quality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Large TRADITIONAL Projects
Always 7% Often 13% Sometimes 16% Rarely 19% Never 45% WASTE 5 Other 7% Requirements 47% Design 28% Implementation 18% DEFECTS $0.0 $0.4 $0.7 $1.1 $1.4 $1.8 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GLOBAL IT PROJECT FAILURES 16% 53% 31% 27% 33% 40% 26% 46% 28% 28% 49% 23% 34% 51% 15% 29% 53% 18% 35% 46% 19% 32% 44% 24% 33% 41% 26% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 IT PROJECT FAILURES Large TRADITIONAL Projects—Cont’d
6 Internet of Things—Dinosaur Killer IoT is an Extinction Level Event • 25-50B Devices on IOT • 5-10B Internet Hosts • 4-8B Mobile Phones • 2-3B End User Sys • Mass Business Failure
7 Strategy vs. Tactics — Sun Tzu
What is Agility?  A-gil-i-ty (ә-'ji-lә-tē) Property consisting of quickness, lightness, and ease of movement; To be very nimble  The ability to create and respond to change in order to profit in a turbulent global business environment  The ability to quickly reprioritize use of resources when requirements, technology, and knowledge shift  A very fast response to sudden market changes and emerging threats by intensive customer interaction  Use of evolutionary, incremental, and iterative delivery to converge on an optimal customer solution  Maximizing BUSINESS VALUE with right sized, just- enough, and just-in-time processes and documentation Highsmith, J. A. (2002). Agile software development ecosystems. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. 8  
WORKING PRODUCTS VS COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION RESPONDING TO CHANGE VS FOLLOWING A PLAN CUSTOMER COLLABORATION VS CONTRACT NEGOTIATION INDIVIDUALS & INTERACTIONS VS PROCESSES AND TOOLS 9  People-centric way to create innovative solutions  Product-centric alternative to documents/process  Market-centric model to maximize business value Agile Manifesto. (2001). Manifesto for agile software development. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http://www.agilemanifesto.org  What are Agile Values?
10  Numerous models of lean & agile methods  Based on principles of flexible manufacturing  Include team, project, & enterprise management SCRUM - 1993 - XP - 1998 - KANBAN - 2010 - APM - 2011 - LEAN-ENTERPRISE - 2015 -  Product Backlog  Sprint Planning  Sprint Backlog  2-4 Week Sprint  Daily Scrum  Sprint Review  Shippable Prod.  Retrospective  Metaphor  User Stories  Arch/Story Spike  Release Plans  2 Week Iteration  Test Driven Dev.  Continuous Int.  Small Releases  Visualize  Limit WIP  Manage Flow  Use Policies  Quality Focus  Lead Times  Improvement  Reduce Variation  Vision  Roadmap  Release Plan  Sprint Plan  2-4 Week Sprint  Daily Scrum  Sprint Review  Retrospective  Measure Risks  Marketing  Alignment  Value  Experiments  Lean Design  Flow Principles  Improvement  Models of LEAN & AGILE METHODS Schwaber, K., & Beedle, M. (2001). Agile software development with scrum. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Beck, K. (2000). Extreme programming explained: Embrace change. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Anderson, D. J. (2010). Kanban: Successful evolutionary change for your technology business. Sequim, WA: Blue Hole Press. Layton, M. C., & Maurer, R. (2011). Agile project management for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing. Humble, J., Molesky, J., & O'Reilly, B. (2015). Lean enterprise: How high performance organizations innovate at scale. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.
11  Portfolio. Subportfolio, program, project, operations  Portfolio Mgt. Manage these to achieve strategic obj.  Objectives. Includes efficiency, effectiveness, & value Definition of PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT VISION MISSION STRATEGY & OBJECTIVES PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS PROGRAMS & PROJECTS ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES Skrabak, J. L. (2013). The standard for portfolio management (Third Edition). Newtown Square: PA: Project Management Institute.
Lean & Agile FRAMEWORK?  Frame-work (frām'wûrk') A support structure, skeletal enclosure, or scaffolding platform; Hypothetical model  A multi-tiered framework for using lean & agile methods at the enterprise, portfolio, program, & project levels  An approach embracing values and principles of lean thinking, product development flow, & agile methods  Adaptable framework for collaboration, prioritizing work, iterative development, & responding to change  Tools for agile scaling, rigorous and disciplined planning & architecture, and a sharp focus on product quality  Maximizes BUSINESS VALUE of organizations, programs, & projects with lean-agile values, principles, & practices Leffingwell, D. (2011). Agile software requirements: Lean requirements practices for teams, programs, and the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. 12 
13  Time-centric way to compete on speed & time  Customer-centric model to optimize cost & quality  Pull-centric alternative to wasteful mass production Leffingwell, D. (2017). The SAFe house of lean. Retrieved February 19, 2018, from http://www.scaledagileframework.com  What are Lean Values? Respectfor People&Culture Flow Innovation Relentless Improvement Value Leadership
How do Lean & Agile INTERSECT? 14  Agile is naturally lean and based on small batches  Agile directly supports six principles of lean thinking  Agile may be converted to a continuous flow system Womack, J. P., & Jones, D. T. (1996). Lean thinking: Banish waste and create wealth in your corporation. New York, NY: Free Press. Reinertsen, D. G. (2009). The principles of product development flow: Second generation lean product development. New York, NY: Celeritas. Reagan, R. B., & Rico, D. F. (2010). Lean and agile acquisition and systems engineering: A paradigm whose time has come. DoD AT&L Magazine, 39(6).    Economic View Decentralization Fast Feedback Control Cadence & Small Batches Manage Queues/ Exploit Variability WIP Constraints & Kanban Flow PrinciplesAgile Values Customer Collaboration Empowered Teams Iterative Delivery Responding to Change Lean Pillars Respect for People Continuous Improvement Customer Value Relationships Customer Pull Continuous Flow Perfection Value Stream Lean Principles  Customer relationships, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty  Team authority, empowerment, and resources  Team identification, cohesion, and communication Lean & Agile Practices  Product vision, mission, needs, and capabilities  Product scope, constraints, and business value  Product objectives, specifications, and performance  As is policies, processes, procedures, and instructions  To be business processes, flowcharts, and swim lanes  Initial workflow analysis, metrication, and optimization  Batch size, work in process, and artifact size constraints  Cadence, queue size, buffers, slack, and bottlenecks  Workflow, test, integration, and deployment automation  Roadmaps, releases, iterations, and product priorities  Epics, themes, feature sets, features, and user stories  Product demonstrations, feedback, and new backlogs  Refactor, test driven design, and continuous integration  Standups, retrospectives, and process improvements  Organization, project, and process adaptability/flexibility
15  Numerous models of agile portfolio mgt. emerging  Based on lean-kanban, release planning, and Scrum  Include organization, program, & project management Schwaber, K. (2007). The enterprise and scrum. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Larman, C., & Vodde, B. (2008). Scaling lean and agile development: Thinking and organizational tools for large-scale scrum. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. Ambler, S. W., & Lines, M. (2012). Disciplined agile delivery: A practitioner's guide to agile software delivery in the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Thompson, K. (2013). cPrime’s R.A.G.E. is unleashed: Agile leaders rejoice! Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.cprime.com/tag/agile-governance Schwaber, K. (2015). The definitive guide to nexus: The exoskeleton of scaled scrum development. Lexington, MA: Scrum.Org  Models of AGILE FRAMEWORKS ESCRUM - 2007 - SAFe - 2007 - LESS - 2007 - DAD - 2012 - RAGE - 2013 - SPS - 2015 - Product Mgt Program Mgt Project Mgt Process Mgt Business Mgt Market Mgt Strategic Mgt Portfolio Mgt Program Mgt Team Mgt Quality Mgt Delivery Mgt Business Mgt Portfolio Mgt Product Mgt Area Mgt Sprint Mgt Release Mgt Business Mgt Portfolio Mgt Inception Construction Iterations Transition Business Governance Portfolio Program Project Delivery Product Mgt Program Mgt Sprint Mgt Team Mgt. Integ Mgt. Release Mgt
Enterprise Scrum (ESCRUM) Schwaber, K. (2007). The enterprise and scrum. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press.  Created by Ken Schwaber of Scrum Alliance in 2007  Application of Scrum at any place in the enterprise  Basic Scrum with extensive backlog grooming 16 
 Created by Dean Leffingwell of Rally in 2007  Knowledge to scale agile practices to enterprise  Hybrid of Kanban, XP release planning, and Scrum 17Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.  PORTFOLIO LARGE PROGRAM PROGRAM TEAM Scaled Agile Framework (SAFE)
Large Scale Scrum (LESS)  Created by Craig Larman of Valtech in 2008  Scrum for larger projects of 500 to 1,500 people  Model to nest product owners, backlogs, and teams 18Larman, C., & Vodde, B. (2008). Scaling lean and agile development: Thinking and organizational tools for large-scale scrum. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. Product Owner Product Backlog Area Product Owner Area Product Backlog Daily Scrum 15 minutes Product Backlog Refinement 5 - 10% of Sprint 2 - 4 Week Sprint 1 Day Feature Team + Scrum Master Sprint Planning II 2 - 4 hours Sprint Planning I 2 - 4 hours Potentially Shippable Product Increment Sprint Review Joint Sprint Review Sprint Retrospective  Sprint Backlog
Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD)  Created by Scott Ambler of IBM in 2012  People, learning-centric hybrid agile IT delivery  Scrum mapping to a model-driven RUP framework 19Ambler, S. W., & Lines, M. (2012). Disciplined agile delivery: A practitioner's guide to agile software delivery in the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. 
Recipes for Agile Governance (RAGE)  Created by Kevin Thompson of cPrime in 2013  Agile governance model for large Scrum projects  Traditional-agile hybrid of portfolio-project planning 20Thompson, K. (2013). cPrime’s R.A.G.E. is unleashed: Agile leaders rejoice! Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.cprime.com/tag/agile-governance 
Scaled Professional Scrum (SPS) 21Schwaber, K. (2015). The definitive guide to nexus: The exoskeleton of scaled scrum development. Lexington, MA: Scrum.Org   Created by Ken Schwaber of Scrum.Org in 2015  Used to develop & sustain scaled Scrum initiatives  Formalization of 10 year old Scrum of Scrum concept
Factor eScrum SAFe LeSS DaD RAGE SPS Simple       Well-Defined    Web Portal   Books     Measurable  Results    Training & Cert  Consultants  Tools  Popularity    International    Fortune 500    Government   Lean-Kanban   Agile Enterprise F/W COMPARISON  Numerous lean-agile enterprise frameworks emerging  eScrum & LeSS were 1st (but SAFe & DaD dominate)  SAFe is the most widely-used (with ample resources) 22Rico, D. F. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) comparison. Retrieved June 4, 2014 from http://davidfrico.com/safe-comparison.xls     
23 Portfolio Management — Box
Large Solution Program 24  Proven, public well-defined F/W for scaling Lean-Agile  Synchronizes alignment, collaboration, and deliveries  Quality, execution, alignment, & transparency focus     Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com Portfolio Team SAFe REVISITED
 Portfolio Team Program Large Solution  SAFe created to address Scaling & Discipline  Early models such as Scrum & XP were scalable  SAFe introduces Enterprise & Portfolio integration 25Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.  SAFe SCALING
  Scrum created to address Agile team mgt.  SAFe created to address Agile program mgt.  PfMp created to address Portfolio management 26Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.  PfMP vs. SAFE vs. Scrum Large Solution Program Portfolio Team SCALED AGILE FRAMEWORK PMI PFMP SCRUM
SAFe GOLDILOCKS Zone 27  Traditional project management is scope-based  Agile project management is primarily time-based  Batchsize, capacity, & time key to market response Rico, D. F. (2017). Lean triangle: Triple constraints. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/lean-triangle.pdf Sylvester, T. (2013). Waterfall, agile, and the triple constraint. Retrieved December 16, 2017, from http://tom-sylvester.com/lean-agile/waterfall-agile-the-triple-constraint Pound, E. S., Bell, J. H., Spearman, M. L. (2014). Factory physics: How leaders improve performance in a post-lean six sigma world. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. WATERFALL LEANAGILE Scope Cost Time CostTime Scope Batchsize Capacity Time Scope Drives Resources Batchsize Drives Lead/Cycle Time Time Drives Scope RESOURCE PERFORMANCE BUSINESS VALUE MARKET RESPONSE CONSTRAINTS ESTIMATES
SAFe ANTI-PATTERNS 28  SAFe is NOT a U.S. Government Hierarchy  SAFE is NOT a Contract Hierarchy/Bureaucracy  SAFe is DEFINITELY NOT a Waterfall Life Cycle Rico, D. F. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) arguments: Point vs. counterpoint. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-arguments.pdf PORT- FOLIO LARGE SOLUTION PROGRAM TEAM LARGE SOLUTION PROGRAM TEAM PORTFOLIO Portfolio Large Solution Team Program
29  SAFe EPIC-MVP Teams  SAFe cross functional teams cut across levels  Inc. portfolio, solution, program, & team functions  Purpose is to shepherd epics through value streams Epic-MVP Teams Rico, D. F. (2017). A short scaled agile framework (SAFe) case study. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-case-study.pdf
SAFe CROSS FUNCTIONAL Teams 30  SAFe Epic-MVP teams consist of diverse personnel  Teams range from Epic owners through development  Include scoping, analysis, planning, & implementation Rico, D. F. (2017). A short scaled agile framework (SAFe) case study. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-case-study.pdf System Arch/Eng Product Mgmt RTE Solution Arch/Eng Solution Mgmt STE Epic Owners Enterprise Architect Lean Portfolio Mgt Dev Team Product Owner Scrum Master ● ONE TEAM VS. HIERARCHY ● ALIGNMENT OF WHOLE TEAM ● BOTTOM UP DECISION MAKING PREFERRED BY U.S. GOVERNMENT ● LEAN, JUST-IN-TIME, FRICTION-FREE ● CODIFIES LEAN-AGILE BEST PRACTICES ● FULL TRANSPARENCY & COMMUNICATION  USAF, USA, CDC, CIA, CMS, USC, USCG, DOD, DFAS, DHS, FAA, FBI, GSA, HHS, DOJ, USMC, NASA, NGA, NIH, NNSA, NRO, NSA, USN, SSA, DOS, USPTO, USPS, VA, ETC.
Large Solution Program 31  Portfolio & program epics begin at top levels  Epics scoped, analyzed, & split by tech. architects  Narrow epics are built, tested, deployed, & evaluated     Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com Portfolio Team Epic-MVP Evolution SAFe EPIC Evolution
SAFe PORTFOLIO Level  Business objectives mapped to strategic themes  Enterprise architecture, Kanban, & economic cases  Value delivery via epics, enablers, and solution trains 32 AGILE PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ● Organize around solution trains ● Communicate strategic themes ● Empower decision makers ● Provide visibility and governance ● Guide technology decisions ● Apply enterprise architecture Strategic Themes Lean-Agile Budgeting Visibility & Governance Enterprise Architecture   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
SAFe LARGE SOLUTION Level  Economic framework and solution train budgeting  Agile architecture, solution train engineer & Kanban  Solution deliveries via capabilities and release trains 33 AGILE SOLUTION TRAIN MANAGEMENT ● Cadence and centralization ● Local solution train governance ● Solution train roles and budgeting ● Fixed and variable solution intent ● Capability flow with Kanban ● Frequently integrate to validate Solution Intent Cadence & Synchronization Localized Governance Customer Validation   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
SAFe PROGRAM Level  Product and release management team-of-team  Common mission, backlog, estimates, and sprints  Value delivery via program-level enablers & features 34 AGILE RELEASE TRAINS ● Driven by vision and roadmap ● Cross functional collaboration ● Apply cadence and synchronization ● Measure progress with milestones ● Frequent, early customer feedback ● Inspect, adapt, and improve Alignment Collaboration Synchronization Value Delivery   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
SAFe TEAM Level  Empowered, self-organizing cross-functional teams  Hybrid of Scrum PM & XP technical best practices  Value delivery via empowerment, quality, and CI 35 AGILE CODE QUALITY ● Pair development ● Emergent design ● Test-first ● Refactoring ● Continuous integration ● Collective ownership Product Quality Customer Satisfaction Predictability Speed   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
36  Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com  SAFe has a scalable, multi-level requirements model  Epics very similar to minimum viable product (MVP)  Hierarchy of epics, capabilities, features, & stories SAFe REQUIREMENTS Model
37  SAFe ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES Rico, D. F. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Roles & responsibilities (raci) matrix. Retrieved August 29, 2017 from http://www.davidfrico.com  Basic SAFe RACI matrix (role, resp., cons, inf.)  Product owners & arch. resp. for epics & enablers  Multi-level product owners, architects, & facilitators
38  Late big bang integration increases WIP backlog  Agile testing early and often reduces WIP backlog  CI/CD/DevOps lower WIP, Cycle Time, & Lead Time Nightingale, C. (2015). Seven lean metrics to improve flow. Franklin, TN: LeanKit.  KANBAN BOARD CUMULATIVE FLOW DIAGRAM LEAD TIME & CYCLE TIME PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER SAFe METRICS
39Leffingwell, D. (2015). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved June 12, 2015 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com SAFe METRICS—Cont’d
Portfolio Lean Portfolio Metrics Comprehensive but Lean set of metrics that can be used to assess internal and external progress for an entire portfolio. Portfolio Kanban Ensures Epics and Enablers are reasoned and analyzed prior to a PI boundary, prioritized, and have acceptance criteria. Epic Burn-up Chart Tracks progress toward epic completion, i.e., Initial estimate, Work completed, and Cumulative work completed. Epic Progress Measure At‐a‐glance view of the status of all epics in a portfolio, i.e., Epic X, progress, and current vs. initial est. story points. Enterprise Scorecard Four perspectives to measure performance for each portfolio, i.e., Efficiency, Value delivery, Quality, and Agility. LPM Self Assessment Structured, periodic self‐assessment to continuously measure and improve portfolio processes. Value Stream KPIs Set of criteria or KPIs to evaluate value stream investments, i.e., revenues, innovation, intangibles, and lean metrics. Large Solution Solution Kanban Board Ensures Capabilities and Enablers are reasoned and analyzed prior to PI boundary, prioritized, and have acc. criteria. Solution Predictability Aggregation of individual predictability measures for ARTs to assess the overall predictability of Solution Trains. Solution Performance Aggregation of individual performance measures for ARTs to assess the overall performance of Solution Trains. Economic Framework Decision rules to align work to financial objectives of Solution and guide economic decision‐making process. WSJF Prioritization model used to sequence jobs (e.g., Features, Capabilities, and Epics) to maximize economic benefit. Cost of Delay A way of communicating the impact of time on the outcomes we hope to achieve, i.e., combining urgency and value. Duration (Job Size) Length of time required to complete an epic, enabler, capability, or feature, i.e., size or complexity in story points. Program Feature Progress Tracks feature and enabler status during PI and indicates which features are on track or behind, i.e., plan vs. actual. Program Kanban Ensures Features are reasoned and analyzed prior to a PI boundary, prioritized, and have acceptance criteria. Program Predictability Aggregation of Team PI Performance Reports to assess the predictability of ART, i.e., planned vs. actual business value. Program Performance Aggregation of team metrics collected at end of PI, i.e., functionality (velocity, etc.) and quality (tests, defects, etc.). PI Burn-down Chart Shows progress toward PI timebox to track work planned for PI against work accepted, i.e., iterations vs. story points. Cumulative Flow Graph to visualize amount of work waiting to be done (backlog), work in progress (started), and completed (validated). Art Self Assessment Structured, periodic self‐assessment to continuously measure and improve program processes. Team CD Pipeline Efficiency Measures efficiency of steps in terms of touch and wait time, i.e., analysis, backlog, build, validate, deploy, release, etc. Deployments and Releases Deployment and release frequency progress as a ratio of deployment to production vs. product release frequency. Recovery over time How often physical or logical rollbacks performed by overlaying points in time for deployment, release, and rollbacks. Innovation Indicators Hypothesis measures of MMF and MVP business outcomes based upon actionable innovation accounting measures. Hypotheses Tested Number of successful vs. unsuccessful hypothesis tests (with goal of increasing the number, frequency, and success). Team Performance Individual team metrics collected at end of PI, i.e., functionality (velocity, etc.) and quality (tests, defects, etc.). Team Kanban Ensures Stories and tasks are reasoned and analyzed prior to a PI boundary, prioritized, and have acceptance criteria. Team Business Value Estimate of actual business value achieved for each team’s PI objectives during a PI demo by customer and agile team. Team Self-Assessment Structured, periodic self‐assessment to continuously measure and improve team processes. 40   Basic SAFe metrics & assessments at all levels  Many are rollups of burndown, velocity, & bus. value  Multi-level kanbans, backlogs, & performance tracking Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved September 18, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com SAFe METRICS—Cont’d
SAFe CASE STUDIES  Most U.S. Fortune 500 companies adopting SAFe  Goal to integrate enterprise, portfolios, and systems  Capital One going through end-to-end SAFe adoption 41 John Deere Spotify Comcast • Agricultural automation • 800 developers on 80 teams • Rolled out SAFe in one year • Transitioned to open spaces • Field issue resolution up 42% • Quality improvement up 50% • Warranty expense down 50% • Time to production down 20% • Time to market down 20% • Job engagement up 10% • Television cable/DVR boxes • Embedded & server-side • 150 developers on 15 teams • Cycle time - 12 to 4 months • Support 11 million+ DVRs • Design features vs. layers • Releases delivered on-time • 100% capabilities delivered • 95% requirements delivered • Fully automated sprint tests • GUI-based point of sale sys • Switched from CMMI to SAFe • 120 developers on 12 teams • QA to new feature focus • Used Rally adoption model • 10% productivity improvement • 10% cost of quality reduction • 200% improved defect density • Production defects down 50% • Value vs. compliance focus Leffingwell, D. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) case studies. Denver, CO: Leffingwell, LLC. Rico, D. F. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) benefits. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-benefits.txt 
42 ProgramIncrement PI Planning I&A PI Planning I&A Healthcare Enterprise Strategic Healthcare Objectives Epic Owners S. Jones Ent. Arch T. Smith Lean Portfolio Management Government Staff Lean Budgets Datamart DW AWS S3 Value Streams KPIs, MOAs, MOEs, Etc. PORTFOLIO Coordination Metrics Systems Roadmap Vision Architect D. Reed Sol Mgr J. Gold STE J. Rogers Large Solution Cost-Benefit Analysis Analysis Systems LARGE SOLUTION Compliance SysML/Data Models AoA/Tradeoffs SAFe Backlog (SAFe Dashboards) Kanban NFRs WSJF IV&V Databricks SOLUTION TRAIN Solution Demo Solution Demo LARGE SOLUTION Customer Benefit Admins. U.S. Customer Reqmnts. AWS, Redshift, Databricks, etc. Pre Post Pre Post I&A I&A PROGRAMS Data Model, AWS, & Databricks Compliant System Designs & APIs •Culture •Automation •Lean Flow •Measurement •Recovery Business Owners • L. Stevens • S. McCloud • J. Da Silva Product Managers • D. MacIntyre • A. Montana • M. Paschale System Architects • J. McCrory • J. Marriott • V. Sorenson Program RTEs • D. Rich • R. Facemire • E. Bluementhal JIRA Backlogs System Demos Built-In Quality with DevOps Develop on Cadence Lean-Agile Leadership Team SAFe Values SAFe House SAFe Principles Portfolio Roadmap SAFe Coach Program Dev Teams Program POs Program CSMs Continuous Delivery Pipeline Continuous Exploration Continuous Integration Continuous Deployment Release on Demand API DM A API DM B ProgramIncrement PI Planning API DM X API DM Y Strategy Data Infrastructure Business Security Architecture PI Objectives Business Analytics Data Warehouse Customer Intake Data Processing Financial Management Special Services System Demos Scrum Kanban • Plan • Execute • Review • Retro SW FW HW Vision Roadmap Lean UX Large Solution Integration Team Portfolio Level Epic-MVP Kanban SAFe CASE STUDY Solution
43 ProgramIncrement PI Planning I&A PI Planning I&A Healthcare Enterprise Strategic Healthcare Objectives Epic Owners S. Jones Ent. Arch T. Smith Lean Portfolio Management Government Staff Lean Budgets Datamart DW AWS S3 Value Streams KPIs, MOAs, MOEs, Etc. PORTFOLIO Coordination Metrics Systems Roadmap Vision Architect D. Reed Sol Mgr J. Gold STE J. Rogers Large Solution Cost-Benefit Analysis Analysis Systems LARGE SOLUTION Compliance SysML/Data Models AoA/Tradeoffs SAFe Backlog (SAFe Dashboards) Kanban NFRs WSJF IV&V Databricks SOLUTION TRAIN Solution Demo Solution Demo LARGE SOLUTION Customer Benefit Admins. U.S. Customer Reqmnts. AWS, Redshift, Databricks, etc. Pre Post Pre Post I&A I&A PROGRAMS Data Model, AWS, & Databricks Compliant System Designs & APIs •Culture •Automation •Lean Flow •Measurement •Recovery Business Owners • L. Stevens • S. McCloud • J. Da Silva Product Managers • D. MacIntyre • A. Montana • M. Paschale System Architects • J. McCrory • J. Marriott • V. Sorenson Program RTEs • D. Rich • R. Facemire • E. Bluementhal JIRA Backlogs System Demos Built-In Quality with DevOps Develop on Cadence Lean-Agile Leadership Team SAFe Values SAFe House SAFe Principles Portfolio Roadmap SAFe Coach Program Dev Teams Program POs Program CSMs Continuous Delivery Pipeline Continuous Exploration Continuous Integration Continuous Deployment Release on Demand API DM A API DM B ProgramIncrement PI Planning API DM X API DM Y Strategy Data Infrastructure Business Security Architecture PI Objectives Business Analytics Data Warehouse Customer Intake Data Processing Financial Management Special Services System Demos Scrum Kanban • Plan • Execute • Review • Retro SW FW HW Vision Roadmap Lean UX Large Solution Integration Team Portfolio Level Epic-MVP Kanban SAFe CASE STUDY Governance Solution I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII
44 • Trained and certified team on SAFe principles. • Rigorously follow daily lean and agile ceremonies. • Rolled out SAFe Program Increment Planning (twice). • Implemented SAFe on state-of-the-art ALM Workflow tool. • Practice essential SAFe for managing portfolio deliverables. • Established, measure, and track Lean-Agile performance metrics. • Implemented analytics for automated reporting of the performance. • Began agile assessments of large solutions within overall portfolio. • Positive impacts on overall portfolio lean-agile thought-leadership. • Rapidly transforming culture from traditional to lean-agile thinking. SAFe CASE STUDY Impact
45  SUCCESS FACTOR SUCCESS ELEMENTS SCORE BUYER ENTERPRISE VISIONS, STRATEGIES, POLICIES & GUIDELINES  -  BUYER LEADERSHIP KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  BUYER TEAM LEADS KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  SUPPLIER AGREEMENTS OC, VALUES, PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, & TOOLS  -  SUPPLIER ENTERPRISE VISIONS, STRATEGIES, POLICIES & GUIDELINES  -  SUPPLIER LEADERSHIP KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  SUPPLIER TEAM LEADS KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  SUPPLIER EXPERIENCE OC, VALUES, PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, & TOOLS  -  SUPPLIER ALM TOOLS MANAGEMENT, DOCUMENTS, REPORTS, & DELIVERY  -  SUPPLIER COACHING OC, VALUES, PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, & TOOLS  -  Holler, R. (2017). 11th annual state of agile survey: State of agile development. Atlanta, GA: VersionOne. Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com Rico, D. F. (2017). Lean & agile org. change: Innovative models to successfully implement process improvement. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com Rico, D. F. (2017). Lean & agile org. leadership: Some leadership history, theory, models, & 360 degree assessments. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com  Must consider factors critical to SAFe success  SAFe culture changes begins with bold leadership  Leadership, contracts, experience, & coaching are key SAFe CASE STUDY Lessons Learned     
SAFe BUSINESS VALUE Drivers Rico, D. F. (2017). First start with why: What is the business case, justification, and need for SAFe? Retrieved January 2, 2018, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-why.pdf 46
SAFe BENEFITS 47Leffingwell, D. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) case studies. Denver, CO: Leffingwell, LLC. Rico, D. F. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) benefits. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-benefits.txt  Cycle time and quality are most notable improvement  Productivity on par with Scrum at 10X above normal  Data shows SAFe scales to teams of 1,000+ people Benefit Nokia SEI Telstra BMC Trade Station Discount Tire Valpak Mitchell John Deere Spotify Comcast Average App Maps Trading DW IT Trading Retail Market Insurance Agricult. Cable PoS Weeks 95.3 2 52 52 52 52 51 People 520 400 75 300 100 90 300 800 150 120 286 Teams 66 30 9 10 10 9 60 80 15 12 30 Satis 25% 29% 15% 23% Costs 50% 10% 30% Product 2000% 25% 10% 678% Quality 95% 44% 50% 50% 60% Cycle 600% 600% 300% 50% 300% 370% ROI 2500% 200% 1350% Morale 43% 63% 10% 39%   
48  Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com  Roadmap necessary for successful SAFe introduction  Traditional big-bang—story maps & incrementalism okay  Keys are top-down commitment, training, & resources SAFe ROADMAP—Top-Down (Big Bang)
49Kim, G., Debois, P., Willis, J., & Humble, J. The devops handbook: How to create world-class agility, reliability, and security in technology organizations. Portland, OR: IT Revolution Press.       Everything begins with lean & agile principles  Next step is smaller portfolio & simpler designs  Final step is modular interfaces & E2E automation SAFe IMPLEMENTATION Pointers
SAFe Assessments 50  SAFe health radar tools rapidly emerging  Captures most SAFe dimensions and variables  Includes portfolio, solution, program, & team level Elatta, S. (2015). Agility health radar. Omaha, NE: Agile Transformation, Inc.
SAFe ADOPTION  Over 200,000 SAFe professionals globally (& growing)  Over 70% of U.S. firms have SAFe certified people  50% prefer SAFe for scaling lean-agile principles 51  Irani, Z. (2017). Scaling agile report: The first annual edition. Foster City, CA: CPrime, Inc. Leffingwell, D. (2017). Foundations of the scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com   50% ACCORDING TO NEW CPRIME SURVEY   200,000 SAFE CERTIFIED PROFESSIONALS IN 2018 200,000 50% 70%
52 SAFe POINT vs. COUNTERPOINT WHAT SAFE IS NOT ...  Way to bootstrap lean-agile onto traditional methods  Slow process of activities, documents, & stage gates  Codification of legislative, executive, & judicial branch  Way to embed lean-agile deep within gov’t waterfalls  Top-down, hierarchical command-n-control gov. model  Heavyweight bureaucracy of waste, WIP, and red-tape  Traditional push-based requirements generation meth.  Lipstick on traditional sequential, linear, & waterfall pig  Manual step-by-step prescriptive straightjacket  Traditional manufacturing era portfolio management  Sprint Waterfalling, Scrummerfalling, or SAFerfalling  Way to swallow whole elephant & choke productivity  Means to build over-scoped & overregulated systems  Way to flowdown bad planning decisions on dev teams  Method to enslave, control, and silence programmers  Way to capture ideas from armies of middle managers What SAFe is ...  Approach to implement lean-agile on large projects  Speed up with smaller batches, bottlenecks, & delays  Solve big problems with light cross-functional teams  Alternative to ineffective/inefficient waterfall standards  Lean-agile governance model for large programs  Minimal set of proven lean & agile best practices  Pull-based, just-in-time Kanban system for key epics  Pull-based DevOps pipeline to quickly implement epics  Way to manage commercial cloud-based tech stack  New method of 21st century portfolio management  Iterative, incremental, agile, & evolutionary paradigm  A method to eat a large elephant one bite at a time  A way to build big systems with smaller scale initiatives  Bottoms up way to collect insights from technologists  Method of empowerment, ownership, & craftsmanship  Method to efficiently implement high priority initiatives   Rico, D. F. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) arguments: Point vs. counterpoint. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-arguments.pdf  SAFe is not a method of putting lipstick on a pig  SAFe is a 21st century portfolio management model  SAFe based on smaller batches, bottlenecks, & delays
 SAFe is a values and principles-based reference model  People try to turn SAFe into a set of physics equations  SAFe offers a continuum abstract, process, & science 53  VALUES - SAFe is an aggregate set of Lean AND Agile values and principles (in its PUREST form).  PRINCIPLES - SAFe is PRINCIPLES-based like the U.S. Digital Services Playbook or Agile Manifesto.  BEGINNERS - Beginners RUSH into a set RIGID TANGIBLE PRACTICES that support SAFe model.  PRACTICES - These practices include rigid requirement hierarchies, PI planning, Scrum, Kanban, etc.  REMINDER - SAFe practitioners should FIRST stop to pay HOMAGE to SAFe's values and principles.  FUNDAMENTALS - Emphasize EVERYTHING must BEGIN and END with SAFe’s values and principles.  TENDENCIES - Human beings are un-NATURALLY left-brained analytical and mathematical creatures.  MISTAKES - We RUSH into hard practices, processes, tools, artifacts, contracts, plans, metrics, etc.  TRAINERS - Trainers pummel SAFe students with its equations, processes, artifacts, and ceremonies.  MANIFESTO - SAFe supports Agile Manifesto (collaboration, teamwork, working SW, & adaptability).  SOFT-SKILLS - SAFe supports SOFT concepts like conversation, visualization, emotional intelligence, servant leadership, empowerment, simplicity, flexibility, informality, and continuous improvement.  CONTINUUM - SAFe SUPPORTS a CONTINUUM or range of IDEAS (abstract, procedural, scientific).  LEAN-FOCUS - SAFe is skewed towards LEAN principles such as Kanban, so it's not SAFe vs. Kanban.  ADAPTABILITY - Don’t get wed to one set of principles, because the 21st century is moving at lightspeed.   SAFe VALUES & PRINCIPLES Rico, D. F. (2018). SAFe is an aggregate set of values and principles: First, foremost, and always. Retrieved February 10, 2018 from http://davidfrico.com/safe-story.txt  
SAFe SUMMARY 54  SAFe is overarching framework for Lean-Agile thinking  SAFe like US Digital Service Playbook/Agile Manifesto  SAFe used by over 200,000 people in 70% of IT firms  SAFe is preferred approach for U.S. gov’t IT contracts  SAFe supports CI, CD, DevOps, AppSec, UX, and DoE  SAFe is extremely well-defined in books and Internet  SAFe has ample training, certification, consulting, etc.  SAFe leads to increased productivity and quality  SAFe supported by dozens of automated ALM tools  SAFe based on soft-skills—visualization, conversation, cooperation, collaboration, transparency, trust, etc.      
55 Portfolio Management — Porter
SAFe RESOURCES  Guides to lean systems & software development  Illustrates key principles, concepts, and practices  Keys to applying lean ideas systems development 56  Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Leffingwell, D. (2011). Agile software requirements: Lean requirements practices for teams, programs, and the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Leffingwell, D. (2017). SAFe reference guide: Scaled agile framework for lean software and systems engineering. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Knaster, R., & Leffingwell, D. (2017). SAFe distilled: Applying the scaled agile framework for lean software and systems engineering. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Yakyma, A. (2016). The rollout: A novel about leadership and building a lean-agile enterprise with safe. Boulder, CO: Yakyma Press.
Dave’s PROFESSIONAL CAPABILITIES 57 Software Quality Mgt. Technical Project Mgt. Software Development Methods Leadership & Org. Change Cost Estimates & Scheduling Acquisition & Contracting Portfolio & Program Mgt. Strategy & Roadmapping Lean, Kanban, & Six Sigma Modeling & Simulations Big Data, Cloud, NoSQL Workflow Automation Metrics, Models, & SPC BPR, IDEF0, & DoDAF DoD 5000, TRA, & SRA PSP, TSP, & Code Reviews CMMI & ISO 9001 Innovation Management Statistics, CFA, EFA, & SEM Evolutionary Design Systems Engineering Valuation — Cost-Benefit Analysis, B/CR, ROI, NPV, BEP, Real Options, etc. Lean-Agile — Scrum, SAFe, Continuous Integration & Delivery, DevOpsSec, etc. STRENGTHS – Communicating Complex Ideas • Brownbags & Webinars • Datasheets & Whitepapers • Reviews & Audits • Comparisons & Tradeoffs • Brainstorming & Ideation • Data Mining & Business Cases • Metrics & Models • Tiger Teams & Shortfuse Tasks • Strategy, Roadmaps, & Plans • Concept Frameworks & Multi-Attribute Models • Etc. ● Data mining. Metrics, benchmarks, & performance. ● Simplification. Refactoring, refinement, & streamlining. ● Assessments. Audits, reviews, appraisals, & risk analysis. ● Coaching. Diagnosing, debugging, & restarting stalled projects. ● Business cases. Cost, benefit, & return-on-investment (ROI) analysis. ● Communications. Executive summaries, white papers, & lightning talks. ● Strategy & tactics. Program, project, task, & activity scoping, charters, & plans. PMP, CSEP, FCP, FCT, ACP, CSM, SAFE, & DEVOPS 35+ YEARS IN IT INDUSTRY
Backup Slides
59 SAFe Picture #1—Proven Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
60 SAFe Picture #2—Levels Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
61 SAFe Picture #3—People Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
62 SAFe Picture #4—Backlogs Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
63 SAFe Picture #5—Cadence Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
64 SAFe Picture #6—Quality Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
65 SAFe Picture #7—Improvement Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
66 SAFe Picture #8—Value Delivery Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com

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Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) 4.5 Tutorial ...

  • 1.
    Lean & Agile EnterpriseFrameworks — Scaled Agile Framework — SAFe 4.5 Tutorial Dr. David F. Rico, PMP, CSEP, FCP, FCT, ACP, CSM, SAFE, DEVOPS Twitter: @dr_david_f_rico Website: http://www.davidfrico.com LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/davidfrico Agile Capabilities: http://davidfrico.com/rico-capability-agile.pdf Agile Cost of Quality: http://www.davidfrico.com/agile-vs-trad-coq.pdf DevOps Return on Investment (ROI): http://davidfrico.com/rico-devops-roi.pdf Dave’s NEW Business Agility Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTvtsAkL8xU Dave’s NEWER Scaled Agile Framework SAFe 4.5 Video: http://youtu.be/1TAuCRq5a34 Dave’s NEWEST Development Operations Security Video: http://youtu.be/X22kJAvx44A DoD Fighter Jets versus Amazon Web Services: http://davidfrico.com/dod-agile-principles.pdf
  • 2.
    Author Background  Gov’tcontractor with 35+ years of IT experience  B.S. Comp. Sci., M.S. Soft. Eng., & D.M. Info. Sys.  Large gov’t projects in U.S., Far/Mid-East, & Europe 2   Career systems & software engineering methodologist  Lean-Agile, Six Sigma, CMMI, ISO 9001, DoD 5000  NASA, USAF, Navy, Army, DISA, & DARPA projects  Published seven books & numerous journal articles  Intn’l keynote speaker, 245+ talks to 95,400 people  Specializes in metrics, models, & cost engineering  Cloud Computing, SOA, Web Services, FOSS, etc.  Professor at 7 Washington, DC-area universities
  • 3.
    3 Overruns Attrition Escalation Runaways Cancellation Global Competition Demanding Customers Organization Downsizing System Complexity Technology Change Vague Requirements Work Life Imbalance Inefficiency High O&M LowerDoQ Vulnerable N-M Breach Reduced IT Budgets 81 Month Cycle Times Redundant Data Centers Lack of Interoperability Poor IT Security Overburdening Legacy Systems Obsolete Technology & Skills Pine, B. J. (1993). Mass customization: The new frontier in business competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Pontius, R. W. (2012). Acquisition of IT: Improving efficiency and effectiveness in IT acquisition in the DoD. Second Annual AFEI/NDIA Conference on Agile in DoD, Springfield, VA, USA. Today’s WHIRLWIND Environment
  • 4.
    Size vs. Quality DEFECTS 0.00 3.20 6.40 9.60 12.80 16.00 02 6 25 100 400 SIZE Size vs. Productivity PRODUCTIVITY 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE Size vs. Change CHANGE 0% 8% 16% 24% 32% 40% 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE Size vs. Success SUCCESS 0% 12% 24% 36% 48% 60% 0 2 6 25 100 400 SIZE 4Jones, C. (1991). Applied software measurement: Assuring productivity and quality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Large TRADITIONAL Projects
  • 5.
    Always 7% Often 13% Sometimes 16% Rarely 19% Never 45% WASTE 5 Other7% Requirements 47% Design 28% Implementation 18% DEFECTS $0.0 $0.4 $0.7 $1.1 $1.4 $1.8 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GLOBAL IT PROJECT FAILURES 16% 53% 31% 27% 33% 40% 26% 46% 28% 28% 49% 23% 34% 51% 15% 29% 53% 18% 35% 46% 19% 32% 44% 24% 33% 41% 26% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 IT PROJECT FAILURES Large TRADITIONAL Projects—Cont’d
  • 6.
    6 Internet of Things—DinosaurKiller IoT is an Extinction Level Event • 25-50B Devices on IOT • 5-10B Internet Hosts • 4-8B Mobile Phones • 2-3B End User Sys • Mass Business Failure
  • 7.
  • 8.
    What is Agility? A-gil-i-ty (ә-'ji-lә-tē) Property consisting of quickness, lightness, and ease of movement; To be very nimble  The ability to create and respond to change in order to profit in a turbulent global business environment  The ability to quickly reprioritize use of resources when requirements, technology, and knowledge shift  A very fast response to sudden market changes and emerging threats by intensive customer interaction  Use of evolutionary, incremental, and iterative delivery to converge on an optimal customer solution  Maximizing BUSINESS VALUE with right sized, just- enough, and just-in-time processes and documentation Highsmith, J. A. (2002). Agile software development ecosystems. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. 8  
  • 9.
    WORKING PRODUCTS VS COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION RESPONDING TO CHANGE VSFOLLOWING A PLAN CUSTOMER COLLABORATION VS CONTRACT NEGOTIATION INDIVIDUALS & INTERACTIONS VS PROCESSES AND TOOLS 9  People-centric way to create innovative solutions  Product-centric alternative to documents/process  Market-centric model to maximize business value Agile Manifesto. (2001). Manifesto for agile software development. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http://www.agilemanifesto.org  What are Agile Values?
  • 10.
    10  Numerous modelsof lean & agile methods  Based on principles of flexible manufacturing  Include team, project, & enterprise management SCRUM - 1993 - XP - 1998 - KANBAN - 2010 - APM - 2011 - LEAN-ENTERPRISE - 2015 -  Product Backlog  Sprint Planning  Sprint Backlog  2-4 Week Sprint  Daily Scrum  Sprint Review  Shippable Prod.  Retrospective  Metaphor  User Stories  Arch/Story Spike  Release Plans  2 Week Iteration  Test Driven Dev.  Continuous Int.  Small Releases  Visualize  Limit WIP  Manage Flow  Use Policies  Quality Focus  Lead Times  Improvement  Reduce Variation  Vision  Roadmap  Release Plan  Sprint Plan  2-4 Week Sprint  Daily Scrum  Sprint Review  Retrospective  Measure Risks  Marketing  Alignment  Value  Experiments  Lean Design  Flow Principles  Improvement  Models of LEAN & AGILE METHODS Schwaber, K., & Beedle, M. (2001). Agile software development with scrum. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Beck, K. (2000). Extreme programming explained: Embrace change. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Anderson, D. J. (2010). Kanban: Successful evolutionary change for your technology business. Sequim, WA: Blue Hole Press. Layton, M. C., & Maurer, R. (2011). Agile project management for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing. Humble, J., Molesky, J., & O'Reilly, B. (2015). Lean enterprise: How high performance organizations innovate at scale. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.
  • 11.
    11  Portfolio. Subportfolio,program, project, operations  Portfolio Mgt. Manage these to achieve strategic obj.  Objectives. Includes efficiency, effectiveness, & value Definition of PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT VISION MISSION STRATEGY & OBJECTIVES PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS PROGRAMS & PROJECTS ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES Skrabak, J. L. (2013). The standard for portfolio management (Third Edition). Newtown Square: PA: Project Management Institute.
  • 12.
    Lean & AgileFRAMEWORK?  Frame-work (frām'wûrk') A support structure, skeletal enclosure, or scaffolding platform; Hypothetical model  A multi-tiered framework for using lean & agile methods at the enterprise, portfolio, program, & project levels  An approach embracing values and principles of lean thinking, product development flow, & agile methods  Adaptable framework for collaboration, prioritizing work, iterative development, & responding to change  Tools for agile scaling, rigorous and disciplined planning & architecture, and a sharp focus on product quality  Maximizes BUSINESS VALUE of organizations, programs, & projects with lean-agile values, principles, & practices Leffingwell, D. (2011). Agile software requirements: Lean requirements practices for teams, programs, and the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. 12 
  • 13.
    13  Time-centric wayto compete on speed & time  Customer-centric model to optimize cost & quality  Pull-centric alternative to wasteful mass production Leffingwell, D. (2017). The SAFe house of lean. Retrieved February 19, 2018, from http://www.scaledagileframework.com  What are Lean Values? Respectfor People&Culture Flow Innovation Relentless Improvement Value Leadership
  • 14.
    How do Lean& Agile INTERSECT? 14  Agile is naturally lean and based on small batches  Agile directly supports six principles of lean thinking  Agile may be converted to a continuous flow system Womack, J. P., & Jones, D. T. (1996). Lean thinking: Banish waste and create wealth in your corporation. New York, NY: Free Press. Reinertsen, D. G. (2009). The principles of product development flow: Second generation lean product development. New York, NY: Celeritas. Reagan, R. B., & Rico, D. F. (2010). Lean and agile acquisition and systems engineering: A paradigm whose time has come. DoD AT&L Magazine, 39(6).    Economic View Decentralization Fast Feedback Control Cadence & Small Batches Manage Queues/ Exploit Variability WIP Constraints & Kanban Flow PrinciplesAgile Values Customer Collaboration Empowered Teams Iterative Delivery Responding to Change Lean Pillars Respect for People Continuous Improvement Customer Value Relationships Customer Pull Continuous Flow Perfection Value Stream Lean Principles  Customer relationships, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty  Team authority, empowerment, and resources  Team identification, cohesion, and communication Lean & Agile Practices  Product vision, mission, needs, and capabilities  Product scope, constraints, and business value  Product objectives, specifications, and performance  As is policies, processes, procedures, and instructions  To be business processes, flowcharts, and swim lanes  Initial workflow analysis, metrication, and optimization  Batch size, work in process, and artifact size constraints  Cadence, queue size, buffers, slack, and bottlenecks  Workflow, test, integration, and deployment automation  Roadmaps, releases, iterations, and product priorities  Epics, themes, feature sets, features, and user stories  Product demonstrations, feedback, and new backlogs  Refactor, test driven design, and continuous integration  Standups, retrospectives, and process improvements  Organization, project, and process adaptability/flexibility
  • 15.
    15  Numerous modelsof agile portfolio mgt. emerging  Based on lean-kanban, release planning, and Scrum  Include organization, program, & project management Schwaber, K. (2007). The enterprise and scrum. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Larman, C., & Vodde, B. (2008). Scaling lean and agile development: Thinking and organizational tools for large-scale scrum. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. Ambler, S. W., & Lines, M. (2012). Disciplined agile delivery: A practitioner's guide to agile software delivery in the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Thompson, K. (2013). cPrime’s R.A.G.E. is unleashed: Agile leaders rejoice! Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.cprime.com/tag/agile-governance Schwaber, K. (2015). The definitive guide to nexus: The exoskeleton of scaled scrum development. Lexington, MA: Scrum.Org  Models of AGILE FRAMEWORKS ESCRUM - 2007 - SAFe - 2007 - LESS - 2007 - DAD - 2012 - RAGE - 2013 - SPS - 2015 - Product Mgt Program Mgt Project Mgt Process Mgt Business Mgt Market Mgt Strategic Mgt Portfolio Mgt Program Mgt Team Mgt Quality Mgt Delivery Mgt Business Mgt Portfolio Mgt Product Mgt Area Mgt Sprint Mgt Release Mgt Business Mgt Portfolio Mgt Inception Construction Iterations Transition Business Governance Portfolio Program Project Delivery Product Mgt Program Mgt Sprint Mgt Team Mgt. Integ Mgt. Release Mgt
  • 16.
    Enterprise Scrum (ESCRUM) Schwaber,K. (2007). The enterprise and scrum. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press.  Created by Ken Schwaber of Scrum Alliance in 2007  Application of Scrum at any place in the enterprise  Basic Scrum with extensive backlog grooming 16 
  • 17.
     Created byDean Leffingwell of Rally in 2007  Knowledge to scale agile practices to enterprise  Hybrid of Kanban, XP release planning, and Scrum 17Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.  PORTFOLIO LARGE PROGRAM PROGRAM TEAM Scaled Agile Framework (SAFE)
  • 18.
    Large Scale Scrum(LESS)  Created by Craig Larman of Valtech in 2008  Scrum for larger projects of 500 to 1,500 people  Model to nest product owners, backlogs, and teams 18Larman, C., & Vodde, B. (2008). Scaling lean and agile development: Thinking and organizational tools for large-scale scrum. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. Product Owner Product Backlog Area Product Owner Area Product Backlog Daily Scrum 15 minutes Product Backlog Refinement 5 - 10% of Sprint 2 - 4 Week Sprint 1 Day Feature Team + Scrum Master Sprint Planning II 2 - 4 hours Sprint Planning I 2 - 4 hours Potentially Shippable Product Increment Sprint Review Joint Sprint Review Sprint Retrospective  Sprint Backlog
  • 19.
    Disciplined Agile Delivery(DAD)  Created by Scott Ambler of IBM in 2012  People, learning-centric hybrid agile IT delivery  Scrum mapping to a model-driven RUP framework 19Ambler, S. W., & Lines, M. (2012). Disciplined agile delivery: A practitioner's guide to agile software delivery in the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. 
  • 20.
    Recipes for AgileGovernance (RAGE)  Created by Kevin Thompson of cPrime in 2013  Agile governance model for large Scrum projects  Traditional-agile hybrid of portfolio-project planning 20Thompson, K. (2013). cPrime’s R.A.G.E. is unleashed: Agile leaders rejoice! Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.cprime.com/tag/agile-governance 
  • 21.
    Scaled Professional Scrum(SPS) 21Schwaber, K. (2015). The definitive guide to nexus: The exoskeleton of scaled scrum development. Lexington, MA: Scrum.Org   Created by Ken Schwaber of Scrum.Org in 2015  Used to develop & sustain scaled Scrum initiatives  Formalization of 10 year old Scrum of Scrum concept
  • 22.
    Factor eScrum SAFeLeSS DaD RAGE SPS Simple       Well-Defined    Web Portal   Books     Measurable  Results    Training & Cert  Consultants  Tools  Popularity    International    Fortune 500    Government   Lean-Kanban   Agile Enterprise F/W COMPARISON  Numerous lean-agile enterprise frameworks emerging  eScrum & LeSS were 1st (but SAFe & DaD dominate)  SAFe is the most widely-used (with ample resources) 22Rico, D. F. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) comparison. Retrieved June 4, 2014 from http://davidfrico.com/safe-comparison.xls     
  • 23.
  • 24.
    Large Solution Program 24  Proven, publicwell-defined F/W for scaling Lean-Agile  Synchronizes alignment, collaboration, and deliveries  Quality, execution, alignment, & transparency focus     Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com Portfolio Team SAFe REVISITED
  • 25.
     Portfolio Team Program Large Solution  SAFe createdto address Scaling & Discipline  Early models such as Scrum & XP were scalable  SAFe introduces Enterprise & Portfolio integration 25Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.  SAFe SCALING
  • 26.
      Scrum createdto address Agile team mgt.  SAFe created to address Agile program mgt.  PfMp created to address Portfolio management 26Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.  PfMP vs. SAFE vs. Scrum Large Solution Program Portfolio Team SCALED AGILE FRAMEWORK PMI PFMP SCRUM
  • 27.
    SAFe GOLDILOCKS Zone 27 Traditional project management is scope-based  Agile project management is primarily time-based  Batchsize, capacity, & time key to market response Rico, D. F. (2017). Lean triangle: Triple constraints. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/lean-triangle.pdf Sylvester, T. (2013). Waterfall, agile, and the triple constraint. Retrieved December 16, 2017, from http://tom-sylvester.com/lean-agile/waterfall-agile-the-triple-constraint Pound, E. S., Bell, J. H., Spearman, M. L. (2014). Factory physics: How leaders improve performance in a post-lean six sigma world. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. WATERFALL LEANAGILE Scope Cost Time CostTime Scope Batchsize Capacity Time Scope Drives Resources Batchsize Drives Lead/Cycle Time Time Drives Scope RESOURCE PERFORMANCE BUSINESS VALUE MARKET RESPONSE CONSTRAINTS ESTIMATES
  • 28.
    SAFe ANTI-PATTERNS 28  SAFeis NOT a U.S. Government Hierarchy  SAFE is NOT a Contract Hierarchy/Bureaucracy  SAFe is DEFINITELY NOT a Waterfall Life Cycle Rico, D. F. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) arguments: Point vs. counterpoint. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-arguments.pdf PORT- FOLIO LARGE SOLUTION PROGRAM TEAM LARGE SOLUTION PROGRAM TEAM PORTFOLIO Portfolio Large Solution Team Program
  • 29.
    29  SAFe EPIC-MVP Teams SAFe cross functional teams cut across levels  Inc. portfolio, solution, program, & team functions  Purpose is to shepherd epics through value streams Epic-MVP Teams Rico, D. F. (2017). A short scaled agile framework (SAFe) case study. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-case-study.pdf
  • 30.
    SAFe CROSS FUNCTIONALTeams 30  SAFe Epic-MVP teams consist of diverse personnel  Teams range from Epic owners through development  Include scoping, analysis, planning, & implementation Rico, D. F. (2017). A short scaled agile framework (SAFe) case study. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-case-study.pdf System Arch/Eng Product Mgmt RTE Solution Arch/Eng Solution Mgmt STE Epic Owners Enterprise Architect Lean Portfolio Mgt Dev Team Product Owner Scrum Master ● ONE TEAM VS. HIERARCHY ● ALIGNMENT OF WHOLE TEAM ● BOTTOM UP DECISION MAKING PREFERRED BY U.S. GOVERNMENT ● LEAN, JUST-IN-TIME, FRICTION-FREE ● CODIFIES LEAN-AGILE BEST PRACTICES ● FULL TRANSPARENCY & COMMUNICATION  USAF, USA, CDC, CIA, CMS, USC, USCG, DOD, DFAS, DHS, FAA, FBI, GSA, HHS, DOJ, USMC, NASA, NGA, NIH, NNSA, NRO, NSA, USN, SSA, DOS, USPTO, USPS, VA, ETC.
  • 31.
    Large Solution Program 31  Portfolio &program epics begin at top levels  Epics scoped, analyzed, & split by tech. architects  Narrow epics are built, tested, deployed, & evaluated     Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com Portfolio Team Epic-MVP Evolution SAFe EPIC Evolution
  • 32.
    SAFe PORTFOLIO Level Business objectives mapped to strategic themes  Enterprise architecture, Kanban, & economic cases  Value delivery via epics, enablers, and solution trains 32 AGILE PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT ● Organize around solution trains ● Communicate strategic themes ● Empower decision makers ● Provide visibility and governance ● Guide technology decisions ● Apply enterprise architecture Strategic Themes Lean-Agile Budgeting Visibility & Governance Enterprise Architecture   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 33.
    SAFe LARGE SOLUTIONLevel  Economic framework and solution train budgeting  Agile architecture, solution train engineer & Kanban  Solution deliveries via capabilities and release trains 33 AGILE SOLUTION TRAIN MANAGEMENT ● Cadence and centralization ● Local solution train governance ● Solution train roles and budgeting ● Fixed and variable solution intent ● Capability flow with Kanban ● Frequently integrate to validate Solution Intent Cadence & Synchronization Localized Governance Customer Validation   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 34.
    SAFe PROGRAM Level Product and release management team-of-team  Common mission, backlog, estimates, and sprints  Value delivery via program-level enablers & features 34 AGILE RELEASE TRAINS ● Driven by vision and roadmap ● Cross functional collaboration ● Apply cadence and synchronization ● Measure progress with milestones ● Frequent, early customer feedback ● Inspect, adapt, and improve Alignment Collaboration Synchronization Value Delivery   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 35.
    SAFe TEAM Level Empowered, self-organizing cross-functional teams  Hybrid of Scrum PM & XP technical best practices  Value delivery via empowerment, quality, and CI 35 AGILE CODE QUALITY ● Pair development ● Emergent design ● Test-first ● Refactoring ● Continuous integration ● Collective ownership Product Quality Customer Satisfaction Predictability Speed   Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 36.
    36  Leffingwell, D. (2017).Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com  SAFe has a scalable, multi-level requirements model  Epics very similar to minimum viable product (MVP)  Hierarchy of epics, capabilities, features, & stories SAFe REQUIREMENTS Model
  • 37.
    37  SAFe ROLES &RESPONSIBILITIES Rico, D. F. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Roles & responsibilities (raci) matrix. Retrieved August 29, 2017 from http://www.davidfrico.com  Basic SAFe RACI matrix (role, resp., cons, inf.)  Product owners & arch. resp. for epics & enablers  Multi-level product owners, architects, & facilitators
  • 38.
    38  Late bigbang integration increases WIP backlog  Agile testing early and often reduces WIP backlog  CI/CD/DevOps lower WIP, Cycle Time, & Lead Time Nightingale, C. (2015). Seven lean metrics to improve flow. Franklin, TN: LeanKit.  KANBAN BOARD CUMULATIVE FLOW DIAGRAM LEAD TIME & CYCLE TIME PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER SAFe METRICS
  • 39.
    39Leffingwell, D. (2015).Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved June 12, 2015 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com SAFe METRICS—Cont’d
  • 40.
    Portfolio Lean Portfolio MetricsComprehensive but Lean set of metrics that can be used to assess internal and external progress for an entire portfolio. Portfolio Kanban Ensures Epics and Enablers are reasoned and analyzed prior to a PI boundary, prioritized, and have acceptance criteria. Epic Burn-up Chart Tracks progress toward epic completion, i.e., Initial estimate, Work completed, and Cumulative work completed. Epic Progress Measure At‐a‐glance view of the status of all epics in a portfolio, i.e., Epic X, progress, and current vs. initial est. story points. Enterprise Scorecard Four perspectives to measure performance for each portfolio, i.e., Efficiency, Value delivery, Quality, and Agility. LPM Self Assessment Structured, periodic self‐assessment to continuously measure and improve portfolio processes. Value Stream KPIs Set of criteria or KPIs to evaluate value stream investments, i.e., revenues, innovation, intangibles, and lean metrics. Large Solution Solution Kanban Board Ensures Capabilities and Enablers are reasoned and analyzed prior to PI boundary, prioritized, and have acc. criteria. Solution Predictability Aggregation of individual predictability measures for ARTs to assess the overall predictability of Solution Trains. Solution Performance Aggregation of individual performance measures for ARTs to assess the overall performance of Solution Trains. Economic Framework Decision rules to align work to financial objectives of Solution and guide economic decision‐making process. WSJF Prioritization model used to sequence jobs (e.g., Features, Capabilities, and Epics) to maximize economic benefit. Cost of Delay A way of communicating the impact of time on the outcomes we hope to achieve, i.e., combining urgency and value. Duration (Job Size) Length of time required to complete an epic, enabler, capability, or feature, i.e., size or complexity in story points. Program Feature Progress Tracks feature and enabler status during PI and indicates which features are on track or behind, i.e., plan vs. actual. Program Kanban Ensures Features are reasoned and analyzed prior to a PI boundary, prioritized, and have acceptance criteria. Program Predictability Aggregation of Team PI Performance Reports to assess the predictability of ART, i.e., planned vs. actual business value. Program Performance Aggregation of team metrics collected at end of PI, i.e., functionality (velocity, etc.) and quality (tests, defects, etc.). PI Burn-down Chart Shows progress toward PI timebox to track work planned for PI against work accepted, i.e., iterations vs. story points. Cumulative Flow Graph to visualize amount of work waiting to be done (backlog), work in progress (started), and completed (validated). Art Self Assessment Structured, periodic self‐assessment to continuously measure and improve program processes. Team CD Pipeline Efficiency Measures efficiency of steps in terms of touch and wait time, i.e., analysis, backlog, build, validate, deploy, release, etc. Deployments and Releases Deployment and release frequency progress as a ratio of deployment to production vs. product release frequency. Recovery over time How often physical or logical rollbacks performed by overlaying points in time for deployment, release, and rollbacks. Innovation Indicators Hypothesis measures of MMF and MVP business outcomes based upon actionable innovation accounting measures. Hypotheses Tested Number of successful vs. unsuccessful hypothesis tests (with goal of increasing the number, frequency, and success). Team Performance Individual team metrics collected at end of PI, i.e., functionality (velocity, etc.) and quality (tests, defects, etc.). Team Kanban Ensures Stories and tasks are reasoned and analyzed prior to a PI boundary, prioritized, and have acceptance criteria. Team Business Value Estimate of actual business value achieved for each team’s PI objectives during a PI demo by customer and agile team. Team Self-Assessment Structured, periodic self‐assessment to continuously measure and improve team processes. 40   Basic SAFe metrics & assessments at all levels  Many are rollups of burndown, velocity, & bus. value  Multi-level kanbans, backlogs, & performance tracking Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved September 18, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com SAFe METRICS—Cont’d
  • 41.
    SAFe CASE STUDIES Most U.S. Fortune 500 companies adopting SAFe  Goal to integrate enterprise, portfolios, and systems  Capital One going through end-to-end SAFe adoption 41 John Deere Spotify Comcast • Agricultural automation • 800 developers on 80 teams • Rolled out SAFe in one year • Transitioned to open spaces • Field issue resolution up 42% • Quality improvement up 50% • Warranty expense down 50% • Time to production down 20% • Time to market down 20% • Job engagement up 10% • Television cable/DVR boxes • Embedded & server-side • 150 developers on 15 teams • Cycle time - 12 to 4 months • Support 11 million+ DVRs • Design features vs. layers • Releases delivered on-time • 100% capabilities delivered • 95% requirements delivered • Fully automated sprint tests • GUI-based point of sale sys • Switched from CMMI to SAFe • 120 developers on 12 teams • QA to new feature focus • Used Rally adoption model • 10% productivity improvement • 10% cost of quality reduction • 200% improved defect density • Production defects down 50% • Value vs. compliance focus Leffingwell, D. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) case studies. Denver, CO: Leffingwell, LLC. Rico, D. F. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) benefits. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-benefits.txt 
  • 42.
    42 ProgramIncrement PI Planning I&A PI Planning I&A Healthcare Enterprise Strategic Healthcare Objectives Epic Owners S. Jones Ent.Arch T. Smith Lean Portfolio Management Government Staff Lean Budgets Datamart DW AWS S3 Value Streams KPIs, MOAs, MOEs, Etc. PORTFOLIO Coordination Metrics Systems Roadmap Vision Architect D. Reed Sol Mgr J. Gold STE J. Rogers Large Solution Cost-Benefit Analysis Analysis Systems LARGE SOLUTION Compliance SysML/Data Models AoA/Tradeoffs SAFe Backlog (SAFe Dashboards) Kanban NFRs WSJF IV&V Databricks SOLUTION TRAIN Solution Demo Solution Demo LARGE SOLUTION Customer Benefit Admins. U.S. Customer Reqmnts. AWS, Redshift, Databricks, etc. Pre Post Pre Post I&A I&A PROGRAMS Data Model, AWS, & Databricks Compliant System Designs & APIs •Culture •Automation •Lean Flow •Measurement •Recovery Business Owners • L. Stevens • S. McCloud • J. Da Silva Product Managers • D. MacIntyre • A. Montana • M. Paschale System Architects • J. McCrory • J. Marriott • V. Sorenson Program RTEs • D. Rich • R. Facemire • E. Bluementhal JIRA Backlogs System Demos Built-In Quality with DevOps Develop on Cadence Lean-Agile Leadership Team SAFe Values SAFe House SAFe Principles Portfolio Roadmap SAFe Coach Program Dev Teams Program POs Program CSMs Continuous Delivery Pipeline Continuous Exploration Continuous Integration Continuous Deployment Release on Demand API DM A API DM B ProgramIncrement PI Planning API DM X API DM Y Strategy Data Infrastructure Business Security Architecture PI Objectives Business Analytics Data Warehouse Customer Intake Data Processing Financial Management Special Services System Demos Scrum Kanban • Plan • Execute • Review • Retro SW FW HW Vision Roadmap Lean UX Large Solution Integration Team Portfolio Level Epic-MVP Kanban SAFe CASE STUDY Solution
  • 43.
    43 ProgramIncrement PI Planning I&A PI Planning I&A Healthcare Enterprise Strategic Healthcare Objectives Epic Owners S. Jones Ent.Arch T. Smith Lean Portfolio Management Government Staff Lean Budgets Datamart DW AWS S3 Value Streams KPIs, MOAs, MOEs, Etc. PORTFOLIO Coordination Metrics Systems Roadmap Vision Architect D. Reed Sol Mgr J. Gold STE J. Rogers Large Solution Cost-Benefit Analysis Analysis Systems LARGE SOLUTION Compliance SysML/Data Models AoA/Tradeoffs SAFe Backlog (SAFe Dashboards) Kanban NFRs WSJF IV&V Databricks SOLUTION TRAIN Solution Demo Solution Demo LARGE SOLUTION Customer Benefit Admins. U.S. Customer Reqmnts. AWS, Redshift, Databricks, etc. Pre Post Pre Post I&A I&A PROGRAMS Data Model, AWS, & Databricks Compliant System Designs & APIs •Culture •Automation •Lean Flow •Measurement •Recovery Business Owners • L. Stevens • S. McCloud • J. Da Silva Product Managers • D. MacIntyre • A. Montana • M. Paschale System Architects • J. McCrory • J. Marriott • V. Sorenson Program RTEs • D. Rich • R. Facemire • E. Bluementhal JIRA Backlogs System Demos Built-In Quality with DevOps Develop on Cadence Lean-Agile Leadership Team SAFe Values SAFe House SAFe Principles Portfolio Roadmap SAFe Coach Program Dev Teams Program POs Program CSMs Continuous Delivery Pipeline Continuous Exploration Continuous Integration Continuous Deployment Release on Demand API DM A API DM B ProgramIncrement PI Planning API DM X API DM Y Strategy Data Infrastructure Business Security Architecture PI Objectives Business Analytics Data Warehouse Customer Intake Data Processing Financial Management Special Services System Demos Scrum Kanban • Plan • Execute • Review • Retro SW FW HW Vision Roadmap Lean UX Large Solution Integration Team Portfolio Level Epic-MVP Kanban SAFe CASE STUDY Governance Solution I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII I II III VIV VI VII VIII
  • 44.
    44 • Trained andcertified team on SAFe principles. • Rigorously follow daily lean and agile ceremonies. • Rolled out SAFe Program Increment Planning (twice). • Implemented SAFe on state-of-the-art ALM Workflow tool. • Practice essential SAFe for managing portfolio deliverables. • Established, measure, and track Lean-Agile performance metrics. • Implemented analytics for automated reporting of the performance. • Began agile assessments of large solutions within overall portfolio. • Positive impacts on overall portfolio lean-agile thought-leadership. • Rapidly transforming culture from traditional to lean-agile thinking. SAFe CASE STUDY Impact
  • 45.
    45  SUCCESS FACTOR SUCCESSELEMENTS SCORE BUYER ENTERPRISE VISIONS, STRATEGIES, POLICIES & GUIDELINES  -  BUYER LEADERSHIP KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  BUYER TEAM LEADS KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  SUPPLIER AGREEMENTS OC, VALUES, PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, & TOOLS  -  SUPPLIER ENTERPRISE VISIONS, STRATEGIES, POLICIES & GUIDELINES  -  SUPPLIER LEADERSHIP KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  SUPPLIER TEAM LEADS KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, & SUPPORT  -  SUPPLIER EXPERIENCE OC, VALUES, PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, & TOOLS  -  SUPPLIER ALM TOOLS MANAGEMENT, DOCUMENTS, REPORTS, & DELIVERY  -  SUPPLIER COACHING OC, VALUES, PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, & TOOLS  -  Holler, R. (2017). 11th annual state of agile survey: State of agile development. Atlanta, GA: VersionOne. Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com Rico, D. F. (2017). Lean & agile org. change: Innovative models to successfully implement process improvement. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com Rico, D. F. (2017). Lean & agile org. leadership: Some leadership history, theory, models, & 360 degree assessments. Retrieved December 21, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com  Must consider factors critical to SAFe success  SAFe culture changes begins with bold leadership  Leadership, contracts, experience, & coaching are key SAFe CASE STUDY Lessons Learned     
  • 46.
    SAFe BUSINESS VALUEDrivers Rico, D. F. (2017). First start with why: What is the business case, justification, and need for SAFe? Retrieved January 2, 2018, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-why.pdf 46
  • 47.
    SAFe BENEFITS 47Leffingwell, D.(2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) case studies. Denver, CO: Leffingwell, LLC. Rico, D. F. (2014). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) benefits. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-benefits.txt  Cycle time and quality are most notable improvement  Productivity on par with Scrum at 10X above normal  Data shows SAFe scales to teams of 1,000+ people Benefit Nokia SEI Telstra BMC Trade Station Discount Tire Valpak Mitchell John Deere Spotify Comcast Average App Maps Trading DW IT Trading Retail Market Insurance Agricult. Cable PoS Weeks 95.3 2 52 52 52 52 51 People 520 400 75 300 100 90 300 800 150 120 286 Teams 66 30 9 10 10 9 60 80 15 12 30 Satis 25% 29% 15% 23% Costs 50% 10% 30% Product 2000% 25% 10% 678% Quality 95% 44% 50% 50% 60% Cycle 600% 600% 300% 50% 300% 370% ROI 2500% 200% 1350% Morale 43% 63% 10% 39%   
  • 48.
    48  Leffingwell, D. (2017).Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com  Roadmap necessary for successful SAFe introduction  Traditional big-bang—story maps & incrementalism okay  Keys are top-down commitment, training, & resources SAFe ROADMAP—Top-Down (Big Bang)
  • 49.
    49Kim, G., Debois,P., Willis, J., & Humble, J. The devops handbook: How to create world-class agility, reliability, and security in technology organizations. Portland, OR: IT Revolution Press.       Everything begins with lean & agile principles  Next step is smaller portfolio & simpler designs  Final step is modular interfaces & E2E automation SAFe IMPLEMENTATION Pointers
  • 50.
    SAFe Assessments 50  SAFehealth radar tools rapidly emerging  Captures most SAFe dimensions and variables  Includes portfolio, solution, program, & team level Elatta, S. (2015). Agility health radar. Omaha, NE: Agile Transformation, Inc.
  • 51.
    SAFe ADOPTION  Over200,000 SAFe professionals globally (& growing)  Over 70% of U.S. firms have SAFe certified people  50% prefer SAFe for scaling lean-agile principles 51  Irani, Z. (2017). Scaling agile report: The first annual edition. Foster City, CA: CPrime, Inc. Leffingwell, D. (2017). Foundations of the scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com   50% ACCORDING TO NEW CPRIME SURVEY   200,000 SAFE CERTIFIED PROFESSIONALS IN 2018 200,000 50% 70%
  • 52.
    52 SAFe POINT vs.COUNTERPOINT WHAT SAFE IS NOT ...  Way to bootstrap lean-agile onto traditional methods  Slow process of activities, documents, & stage gates  Codification of legislative, executive, & judicial branch  Way to embed lean-agile deep within gov’t waterfalls  Top-down, hierarchical command-n-control gov. model  Heavyweight bureaucracy of waste, WIP, and red-tape  Traditional push-based requirements generation meth.  Lipstick on traditional sequential, linear, & waterfall pig  Manual step-by-step prescriptive straightjacket  Traditional manufacturing era portfolio management  Sprint Waterfalling, Scrummerfalling, or SAFerfalling  Way to swallow whole elephant & choke productivity  Means to build over-scoped & overregulated systems  Way to flowdown bad planning decisions on dev teams  Method to enslave, control, and silence programmers  Way to capture ideas from armies of middle managers What SAFe is ...  Approach to implement lean-agile on large projects  Speed up with smaller batches, bottlenecks, & delays  Solve big problems with light cross-functional teams  Alternative to ineffective/inefficient waterfall standards  Lean-agile governance model for large programs  Minimal set of proven lean & agile best practices  Pull-based, just-in-time Kanban system for key epics  Pull-based DevOps pipeline to quickly implement epics  Way to manage commercial cloud-based tech stack  New method of 21st century portfolio management  Iterative, incremental, agile, & evolutionary paradigm  A method to eat a large elephant one bite at a time  A way to build big systems with smaller scale initiatives  Bottoms up way to collect insights from technologists  Method of empowerment, ownership, & craftsmanship  Method to efficiently implement high priority initiatives   Rico, D. F. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe) arguments: Point vs. counterpoint. Retrieved December 17, 2017, from http://davidfrico.com/safe-arguments.pdf  SAFe is not a method of putting lipstick on a pig  SAFe is a 21st century portfolio management model  SAFe based on smaller batches, bottlenecks, & delays
  • 53.
     SAFe isa values and principles-based reference model  People try to turn SAFe into a set of physics equations  SAFe offers a continuum abstract, process, & science 53  VALUES - SAFe is an aggregate set of Lean AND Agile values and principles (in its PUREST form).  PRINCIPLES - SAFe is PRINCIPLES-based like the U.S. Digital Services Playbook or Agile Manifesto.  BEGINNERS - Beginners RUSH into a set RIGID TANGIBLE PRACTICES that support SAFe model.  PRACTICES - These practices include rigid requirement hierarchies, PI planning, Scrum, Kanban, etc.  REMINDER - SAFe practitioners should FIRST stop to pay HOMAGE to SAFe's values and principles.  FUNDAMENTALS - Emphasize EVERYTHING must BEGIN and END with SAFe’s values and principles.  TENDENCIES - Human beings are un-NATURALLY left-brained analytical and mathematical creatures.  MISTAKES - We RUSH into hard practices, processes, tools, artifacts, contracts, plans, metrics, etc.  TRAINERS - Trainers pummel SAFe students with its equations, processes, artifacts, and ceremonies.  MANIFESTO - SAFe supports Agile Manifesto (collaboration, teamwork, working SW, & adaptability).  SOFT-SKILLS - SAFe supports SOFT concepts like conversation, visualization, emotional intelligence, servant leadership, empowerment, simplicity, flexibility, informality, and continuous improvement.  CONTINUUM - SAFe SUPPORTS a CONTINUUM or range of IDEAS (abstract, procedural, scientific).  LEAN-FOCUS - SAFe is skewed towards LEAN principles such as Kanban, so it's not SAFe vs. Kanban.  ADAPTABILITY - Don’t get wed to one set of principles, because the 21st century is moving at lightspeed.   SAFe VALUES & PRINCIPLES Rico, D. F. (2018). SAFe is an aggregate set of values and principles: First, foremost, and always. Retrieved February 10, 2018 from http://davidfrico.com/safe-story.txt  
  • 54.
    SAFe SUMMARY 54  SAFeis overarching framework for Lean-Agile thinking  SAFe like US Digital Service Playbook/Agile Manifesto  SAFe used by over 200,000 people in 70% of IT firms  SAFe is preferred approach for U.S. gov’t IT contracts  SAFe supports CI, CD, DevOps, AppSec, UX, and DoE  SAFe is extremely well-defined in books and Internet  SAFe has ample training, certification, consulting, etc.  SAFe leads to increased productivity and quality  SAFe supported by dozens of automated ALM tools  SAFe based on soft-skills—visualization, conversation, cooperation, collaboration, transparency, trust, etc.      
  • 55.
  • 56.
    SAFe RESOURCES  Guidesto lean systems & software development  Illustrates key principles, concepts, and practices  Keys to applying lean ideas systems development 56  Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling software agility: Best practices for large enterprises. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Leffingwell, D. (2011). Agile software requirements: Lean requirements practices for teams, programs, and the enterprise. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Leffingwell, D. (2017). SAFe reference guide: Scaled agile framework for lean software and systems engineering. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Knaster, R., & Leffingwell, D. (2017). SAFe distilled: Applying the scaled agile framework for lean software and systems engineering. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Yakyma, A. (2016). The rollout: A novel about leadership and building a lean-agile enterprise with safe. Boulder, CO: Yakyma Press.
  • 57.
    Dave’s PROFESSIONAL CAPABILITIES 57 Software Quality Mgt. Technical Project Mgt. Software Development Methods Leadership& Org. Change Cost Estimates & Scheduling Acquisition & Contracting Portfolio & Program Mgt. Strategy & Roadmapping Lean, Kanban, & Six Sigma Modeling & Simulations Big Data, Cloud, NoSQL Workflow Automation Metrics, Models, & SPC BPR, IDEF0, & DoDAF DoD 5000, TRA, & SRA PSP, TSP, & Code Reviews CMMI & ISO 9001 Innovation Management Statistics, CFA, EFA, & SEM Evolutionary Design Systems Engineering Valuation — Cost-Benefit Analysis, B/CR, ROI, NPV, BEP, Real Options, etc. Lean-Agile — Scrum, SAFe, Continuous Integration & Delivery, DevOpsSec, etc. STRENGTHS – Communicating Complex Ideas • Brownbags & Webinars • Datasheets & Whitepapers • Reviews & Audits • Comparisons & Tradeoffs • Brainstorming & Ideation • Data Mining & Business Cases • Metrics & Models • Tiger Teams & Shortfuse Tasks • Strategy, Roadmaps, & Plans • Concept Frameworks & Multi-Attribute Models • Etc. ● Data mining. Metrics, benchmarks, & performance. ● Simplification. Refactoring, refinement, & streamlining. ● Assessments. Audits, reviews, appraisals, & risk analysis. ● Coaching. Diagnosing, debugging, & restarting stalled projects. ● Business cases. Cost, benefit, & return-on-investment (ROI) analysis. ● Communications. Executive summaries, white papers, & lightning talks. ● Strategy & tactics. Program, project, task, & activity scoping, charters, & plans. PMP, CSEP, FCP, FCT, ACP, CSM, SAFE, & DEVOPS 35+ YEARS IN IT INDUSTRY
  • 58.
  • 59.
    59 SAFe Picture #1—Proven Leffingwell,D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 60.
    60 SAFe Picture #2—Levels Leffingwell,D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 61.
    61 SAFe Picture #3—People Leffingwell,D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 62.
    62 SAFe Picture #4—Backlogs Leffingwell,D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
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    64 SAFe Picture #6—Quality Leffingwell,D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
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    65 SAFe Picture #7—Improvement Leffingwell,D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com
  • 66.
    66 SAFe Picture #8—ValueDelivery Leffingwell, D. (2017). Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Retrieved July 4, 2017 from http://www.scaledagileframework.com