Non Aligned Movement

Non Aligned Movement

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  Non- Aligned Movement Chp. 18 1
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  Meaning of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)  The international policy of a sovereign state according to which it does not align itself with any of the power blocs and at the same time actively participates in the world affairs to promote international peace, harmony and cooperation. 2
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  Features of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)  Not to align to any of the power blocs- USA and Soviet Union.  To oppose any kind of military alliances like NATO, SEATO, Warsaw Pact etc.  Freedom to take its independent decisions.  Not to remain aloof from International problems & politics.  To judge an issue on merit. And uphold/defend the rights of all people for freedom and justice. 3
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment 1. Global tension caused by Cold War:  After the end of World War II, the world was divided into two power blocs: USA and Soviet Union.  There was a global tension was caused by Cold War between the two blocs.  Newly independent Asian-African countries thought that this division wasn’t in their interest.  They thought that non aligning them to any of power bloc would keep the two blocs away from war. 4
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment 2. Struggle against Imperialism and Colonisation:  Newly independent Asian-African countries opposed Imperialism and Colonisation.  They wanted to enjoy their newly acquired freedom.  And didn’t want any pressure from bigger nations. 5
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment 3. Right of Independent Judgement:  Newly independent Asian-African countries wanted to create their own identity.  They wanted to solve their own problems without any outside interference or influence.  They wanted to enjoy their right to take independent judgement. 6
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment 4. Friendly relations with all nations:  Newly independent Asian-African countries wanted to spread goodwill and cooperation among all nations of Asia and Africa.  They wanted to establish friendly relations with all nations in order to grow together. 7
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment 5. Restructuring International Economic Order:  Newly independent Asian-African countries were economically backward and had a low standard of living.  They needed capital and technical know-how to boost their economic development, they wanted to take benefit from both the power blocs without getting any string attached. 8
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment 6. Formation of Collective Force:  Newly independent Asian-African countries realized that although they don’t military and economic power to influence international affairs, they had the moral and collective force to maintain and promote world peace 9
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  Factors responsible forNon Alignment  Global tension caused by Cold War  Struggle against Imperialism and Colonisation  Right of Independent Judgement  Friendly relations with all nations  Restructuring International Economic Order  Formation of Collective Force 10
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  Panchsheel  In 1954,India and China signed an agreement called as ‘Panchsheel’ and later this became guidelines for NAM.  These 5 Principles included: 1. Mutual non-interference in each other internal affairs. 2. Mutual non-aggression 3. Equality for mutual benefit 4. Respect for each others territorial integrity and sovereignty 5. Peaceful coexistence 11
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   These principleswere shaped at the Bandung Conference in 1955. Presided by J. Nehru (PM- India), Chou En Lai (PM- China) and Nasser (PM- President of Egypt)  First NAM Summit was held in 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia. It was attended by: 1) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (India) 2) Gama Abdel Nasser (Egypt) 3) Jospeh Broze Tito (Yugoslavia).  These three were called as ‘Founding Fathers of NAM’ or ‘Architects of NAM.’ 12
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  13 Nehru, Nasser &Tito
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  Bandung Conference  AtBandung, all the NAM leaders were united and agreed with each other & decided to support UN to fulfill its aims and objectives.  The five principles (Panchsheel) were given practical shape at this conference.  The respect of NAM leaders increased in the world & it paved way for cooperation between NAM countries which later took shape of NAM. 14
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  Belgrade Conference  BelgradeConference was the first summit of NAM which was held in Sep 1961. It was attended by many leaders of different countries including the three founding fathers of NAM: Nehru, Tito and Nasser.  It discussed many issues like:  Complete Disarmament of all weapons (specially nuclear weapons)  Opposing Imperialism and Colonialism  Opposing Racial Discrimination in all forms  Problem of Berlin & Congo  Chinese representation in the UN etc. 15
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  Objectives of NAM Eliminate all causes which could lead to war.  To protect nascent freedom of new-born independent countries of Asia and Africa from colonial domination.  To oppose colonialism, imperialism and racial discrimination.  To encourage friendly relations among countries  To advocate peaceful settlement of international disputes  To oppose use of force and use of nuclear weapons  To strengthen United Nations as an organ of world peace.  To protect human rights and protect environment  To build a New International Economic Order (NEIO) based on equality, equity and justice. 16
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  Role of JawaharlalNehru  He called upon all newly independent Asian and African countries to no to align to any of the power blocs namely USA and USSR.  He opposed secret treaties and military alliances like NATO, CENTO, SEATO etc.  At Bandung Conference he declared the Panchsheel Principles with the Chinese Premier.  He opposed Imperialism and Colonialism  He promoted Democracy and Liberalism  He made the main purpose of NAM clear i.e. to promote peace and progress all over the world.  At first summit of NAM at Belgrade, Nehru spoke about Imperialism, Disarmament & Peace. And spoke on ‘Danger of War & Appeal for Peace.’ 17