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Lesson 3 - Networking
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including network components, topologies, and protocols. It defines what a network is as two or more connected computing devices that can share resources. The basic components are servers, clients, and circuits that connect them. Networks can be classified by size as personal area networks (PAN), local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN), or wide area networks (WAN). Common network topologies include bus, star, and ring configurations. The document also discusses network devices, links, and communications protocols like TCP/IP that regulate data transmission and packet routing.
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Lesson 3 - Networking
- 1. NETWORKING DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATIONSYSTEMS COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
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- 3. What is aNetwork? • Defined as two or more computing devices connected together in such a way that they can share resources • Resources: • files • folders • printers • disk drives • etc. 3
- 4. What is aNetwork? • A collection of computers or other hardware devices that are connected together, either physically or logically, using special hardware and software, to allow them to exchange information and cooperate 4
- 5. What is Networking? •Term that describes the process involved in designing, implementing, upgrading, managing, and otherwise working with networks and network technologies 5
- 6. Advantages of Networking •Connectivity and Communication • Data Sharing • Hardware Sharing • Internet Access • Internet Access Sharing • Data Security and Management • Performance Enhancement and Balancing • Entertainment 6
- 7. Disadvantages of Networking •Cost of setup • Management and administration costs • Undesirable sharing • Illegal or undesirable behavior • Data security concerns 7
- 8. Basic Components ofa Network • Server • core component of the network • provides link to the resources necessary to perform any task • Client • requests and receives information over the network client • depends primarily on central server for processing activities • Circuit • cables, ports and other devices that connect the server and the client computers 8
- 9. Network Interface Card(NIC) • Circuit board that fits in one of the computer’s internal expansion slots • Contains circuitry that handles sending, receiving, and error checking of transmitted data 9
- 10. Key Points inNetworking • Important characteristics that influence transmission technologies and communication protocols • size • shape • Networks are classified according to area over which they extend • Size and extension depend on number of nodes that need to communicate, and where these nodes are in relation to each other 10
- 11. Network Classifications • PAN(personal area network) • refer to the interconnection of personal digital devices or consumer electronics w/n the range of 30ft (10m) and without the use of wires or cables 11
- 12. Network Classifications • LAN(local area network) • data communications network the connects personal computers within a very limited geographical area • school computer labs • home networks 12
- 13. Network Classifications • MAN(metropolitan area network) • public high-speed network capable of voice and data transmission within the range of 50mi (80km) • ISPs • small cable TV companies • local telephone companies 13
- 14. Network Classifications • WAN(wide area network) • covers large geographical area and usually consists of smaller networks • nationwide banks • large cable TV companies • multi-location superstores • internet 14
- 15. Network Topologies • Architectural“drawings” to show the overall physical configuration for a given communications system • Indicates the access methods and governs the rules that are used to design and implement the communication system 15
- 16. Network Topologies • Bustopology • Single electrical circuit to which all devices in network are connected 16
- 17. Network Topologies • Startopology • individual computers are connected to a central device such as a hub or a switch 17
- 18. Network Topologies • Ringtopology • a collection of separate point-to- point links arranged to make a ring • each nodes NIC has one input and one output connection • so each node has two links 18
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- 21. NETWORK TOPOLOGY CASESTUDY: This will serve as your ACTIVITY 2. SEARCH FOR ONE (1) CASE STUDY IN EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING TOPOLOGY ARE PRESENT: * BUS TOPOLOGY * STAR TOPOLOGY * RING TOPOLOGY Take note what are the advantages and disadvantages of your chosen topology based on your case study. Put it in Word, then save as “<Lastname>_Activity2” Be ready! I will call some students to present their research
- 22. Network Building Blocks COLLEGEOF COMPUTER STUDIES XAVIER UNIVERSITY – ATENEO DE CAGAYAN
- 23. Network Devices • Sometimesreferred to as a network appliance • Any electronic device that broadcasts network data, boosts signals, or routes data to its destination
- 24. Network Devices • Node •Each connection point on a network • Usually contains: • Computer • Networked peripheral • Network device • Workstation • Personal computer connected to a network
- 25. Network Devices • NetworkInterface Card (NIC) • Circuitry to connect to LAN • Sometimes built-in in some personal computers • Can be added to an expansion slot or USB port • Networked peripheral • Any device that contains network circuitry to directly connect to a network • Examples: printers, scanners, storage devices
- 26. Network Devices • Router •Central distribution point for getting data to its destination
- 27. Network Devices • Hubs •Extends a wired network by adding additional ports
- 28. Network Devices • Switches •Intelligently facilitates communication among multiple devices on a network
- 29. Network Devices • Gateways •Joins two different types of networks, such as your home network and the Internet
- 30. Network Devices • Bridges •Connects two similar networks
- 31. Network Devices • Wirelessaccess points • Allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
- 32. Network Devices • Repeaters •Extends the range of a network by restoring signals to maximum strength and retransmitting them
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- 34. Network Links • Links •Communications channel • Physical path or a frequency for signal transmissions • Wired – cables • Cat 5 or Cat 6 (max length of 100m) • RJ45 connector
- 35. Network Links • Bandwidth •Transmission capacity of communications channel • High-bandwidth (broadband) can carry more data than low-bandwidth (narrowband) • Digital bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps) • Analog bandwidth is measured in hertz (Hz)
- 36. Communications Protocol • Protocol •Set of rules for interacting and negotiating • Communications protocol • Set of rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another • TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol • Internet data support and standards for LANs
- 37. Communications Protocol • Aspectsof network communications that communications protocol handles • Dividing messages into packets • Affixing addresses to packets • Initiating transmission • Regulating flow of data • Checking for transmissions errors • Acknowledging receipt of transmitted data
- 38. Communications Protocol • Packets •A parcel of data that is sent across a computer network • Contains: • Address of sender • Destination address • Sequence number • Some data
- 39. Communications Protocol • Dataare broken down into packets and reassembled in the destination according to sequence number
- 40. Communications Protocol • Circuitswitching • Used by some technologies like telephone system • Dedicated private link between one telephone to another telephone for the duration of the call • Inefficient
- 41. Communications Protocol • Packetswitching • Divides message into several packets that can be routed independently to their destination • Messages divided into equal-size packets are easier to handle than an assortment of small, medium, large, and huge files • Packets are shipped over the circuit on a first-come, first-served basis
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- 44. Communications Protocol • Routingof packets • Each packet contains the address of the destination device • Communications protocol specify the proper format of addresses • Two commonly used addresses: • MAC address • IP address
- 45. Communications Protocol • MACaddress • Media Access Control address • Unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured • Used in low-level network functions and can also be employed to establish network security
- 46. Communications Protocol • IPaddress • Internet Protocol address • Series of numbers used to identify a network device (computers, servers, peripherals, and devices) • Originally used in the internet but used in LANs • Example: 204.127.129.1 • Four groups of numbers separated by period • Octet (eight bits in binary)
- 47. Communications Protocol • IPaddress • Assigned by ISPs or system managers • Sometimes assigned by DHCP • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • Automatically distributes IP addresses • Computers send a query to the network device acting as the DHCP server • IP address is good for that session only