LEAD 701 Yukl chapter14

Cross-Cultural Leadership and
Diversity
14-1Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Leadership in Organizations

After studying this chapter, you should be
able to:
 Understand why cross-cultural research on
leadership is important.
 Understand the difficulties of studying cross-
cultural leadership.
 Understand how cultural values are related to
leader behavior.
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall. Leadership in Organizations 14-2

 Understand how gender issues have been
studied and the limitations of this research.
 Understand the findings in research on gender
differences in leadership.
 Understand how to manage diversity and
provide equal opportunities.

Understand why cross-cultural
research on leadership is
important

 Globalization
 Need to influence people from other cultures
 Validate leadership theories in other cultures
 Broader range of variables and processes
 Validate taxonomies in other cultures
 Culture-dependent situational variables
 Methodological challenges
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice-Hal.l Leadership in Organizations 14-5

Understand the difficulties of
studying cross-cultural leadership

Types of research questions:
 Behavior, skills and traits
 Beliefs about effective behavior, skills and traits
 Differences in leadership patterns
 Relationships between leadership and
subordinate outcomes
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Prentice-Hall Leadership in Organizations 14-7

 Equivalence of meaning for measures
 Confounding effects of demographic or
situational variables
 Response bias
 Representative sample
 Level of analysis

Understand how cultural values
are related to leader behavior

 Internalized values influence unconscious
ways
 Cultural values and societal norms
 Cultural norms and societal laws
 Cultural conformity
 Organizational values versus cultural values
 Non-exposure to different types of leadership
 Change in values and traditions over time

 Power distance
 Uncertainty avoidance
 Individualism versus collectivism
 Gender egalitarianism
 Performance orientation
 Humane orientation
 Culture clusters

 The GLOBE project
 Many unexamined research questions

Understand how gender issues
have been studied and the
limitations of this research

 Sex-based discrimination
 Glass ceiling explanations
 Feminine advantage theories
 Research findings on gender differences
 Research limitations on gender differences
 Identifying causes and reducing discrimination

Understand the findings in
research on gender differences in
leadership

 Debate and scholarly disagreement
 Gender differences on leadership behavior
 Gender differences on leader effectiveness

Steps can be divided into two categories
 Fostering appreciation and tolerance
 Providing equal opportunity

LEAD 701 Yukl chapter14

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LEAD 701 Yukl chapter14