Internet of Things

Internet of Things

• 1.
   TOPIC NAME:INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) Name : Anusha.u.k. Email-id : anushauk55@gmail.com Twitter-id : @Anushauk22 University : Visveshwaraya Technological University (VTU) Year/Semester : 3rd year /6th sem Branch : Electronics & Communication Engineering
• 2.
  INTRODUCTION:  The Internetof Things (IoT) is a scenario in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers & the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and the Internet.  A thing, in the Internet of Things, can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder , an automobile that has built- in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low -- or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP address & provided with the ability to transfer data over a network. So far, the Internet of Things has been most closely associated with machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in manufacturing & power, oil & gas utilities. Products built with M2M communication capabilities are often referred to as being smart. ( smart label, smart meter , smart grid sensor)
• 3.
   Integration withthe Internet implies that devices will utilize an IP address as a unique identifier. However, due to the limited address space of IPv4 (which allows for 4.3 billion unique addresses), objects in the IoT will have to use IPv6 to accommodate the extremely large address space required. Objects in the IoT will not only be devices with sensory capabilities, but also provide actuation capabilities (e.g., bulbs or locks controlled over the Internet). To a large extent, the future of the Internet of Things will not be possible without the support of IPv6; and consequently the global adoption of IPv6 in the coming years will be critical for the successful development of the IoT in the future.  The ability to network embedded devices with limited CPU, memory and power resources means that IoT finds applications in nearly every field. Such systems could be in charge of collecting information in settings ranging from natural ecosystems to buildings & factories, thereby finding applications in fields of environmental sensing & urban planning.  On the other hand, IoT systems could also be responsible for performing actions, not just sensing things. Intelligent shopping systems , for example, could monitor specific users' purchasing habits in a store by tracking their specific mobile phones. These users could then be provided with special offers on their favorite products, or even location of items that they need, which their fridge has automatically conveyed to the phone. Additional examples of sensing and actuating are reflected in applications that deal with heat, electricity and energy management, as well as cruise-assisting transportation systems.
• 4.
  TRENDS IN IoT: Ambient intelligence & autonomous control are not part of the original concept of the Internet of Things. Ambient intelligence & autonomous control do not necessarily require Internet structures , either . However, there is a shift in research to integrate the concepts of the Internet of Things & autonomous control, with initial outcomes towards this direction considering objects as the driving force for autonomous IoT. In the future the Internet of Things may be a non-deterministic & open network in which auto- organized or intelligent entities (Web services, SOA components), virtual objects (avatars) will be interoperable & able to act independently (pursuing their own objectives or shared ones) depending on the context, circumstances or environments. Autonomous behavior through collecting & reasoning context information plays a significant role in IoT. Modern IoT products & solutions in the marketplace use variety of different technologies to support such context-aware automation. Embedded intelligence presents an "AI-oriented" perspective of Internet of Things, which can be more clearly defined as: leveraging the capacity to collect & analyze the digital traces left by people when interacting with widely deployed smart things to discover the knowledge about human life , environment interaction, as well as social inter connection & related behaviors. In an Internet of Things, the meaning of an event will not necessarily be based on a deterministic or syntactic model but would instead be based on the context of the event itself , this will also be a semantic web.
• 6.
  Home automation systems,like other building automation systems, are typically used to control lighting , heating , ventilation , air conditioning, appliances, communication systems, entertainment & home security devices to improve convenience, comfort, energy efficiency & security. The IoT can assist in integration of communications, control, & information processing across various transportation systems i.e., the vehicle, the infrastructure, and the driver or user. Dynamic interaction between these components of a transport system enables inter & intra vehicular communication , smart traffic control , smart parking , electronic toll collection systems , logistic & fleet management , vehicle control , & safety & road assistance.[ Integration of sensing & actuation systems, connected to the Internet, is likely to optimize energy consumption as a whole. It is expected that IoT devices will be integrated into all forms of energy consuming devices (switches, power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) & be able to communicate with the utility supply company in order to effectively balance power generation & energy usage. Such devices would also offer the opportunity for users to remotely control their devices, or centrally manage them via a cloud based interface, & enable advanced functions like scheduling (e.g., remotely powering on or off heating systems, controlling ovens, changing lighting conditions etc.) If given an internship in order to work on IoT , I would like to work on Home automation systems . Home automation systems can be made to work even by using MICROCONTROLLER-8051 +IoT so that effectively results in providing Home automation systems.