Introduction to Computers

INPUT DATA PROCESS DATA STORES DATA AND
NFORMATION
OUTPUTS INFORMATIO
John Smith
2358 Smithville
Road
*Movie 1
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John Smith
2358 Smithville
Road
*Movie 1
*Movie 2

 HARDWARE: Parts of the computer that you can see and touch
For example: CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other items
called hardware devices
 SOFTWARE : Instructions or programs that control the computer and tell the
hardware what to do.
For example: Operating System, Application Software, etc.

 SUPERCOMPUTER - a large very fast mainframe used especially for scientific
computations.

 MAINFRAME COMPUTER - A mainframe (also known as 'big iron') is a high-
performance computer used for large-scale computing purposes that require
greater availability and security. Sometimes called centralized systems.

 MINICOMPUTERS - a computer of medium power, more than a microcomputer
but less than a mainframe.

 MICROCOMPUTERS – a compact computer, with less capacity and capability
than a minicomputer, consisting of a microprocessor and other components.
 PERSONAL COMPUTER OR PC (DESKTOP) - a compact computer that uses a
microprocessor and is designed for individual use, as by a person in an office or at
home or school

 LAPTOP - a notebook is a portable personal computer with a clamshell form
factor, suitable for mobile use

 PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS (PDA) - also known as a palmtop computer,
or personal data assistant, is a mobile device that functions as a personal
information manager.

 TABLETS PCs - A tablet is a wireless, portable personal computer with a touch
screeninterface. The tablet form factor is typically smaller than a notebook
computer but larger than a smartphone.

 4 elements that make up the personal computer system
USER SOFTWARE HARDWARE ELECTRICITY

 FOUR MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENT PARTS:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Random Access Memory (RAM) /
- Input / Output(I/O) Devices
- Storage Devices
 INTERNAL / EXTERNAL COMPONENTS:
- Internal Device can be installed inside the system unit.
- External Device can be plugged into a connection on the computer.

 A system unit is the core of a computer
system
 A box that has electronic components to
process information
 CPU or microprocessor which act as a
“brain” of the computer.
 Random Access Memory (RAM) that
temporarily stores info that the CPU uses
while the computer is on. The information
stored in RAM is erased when the computer
is turned off.

 A motherboard is a
printed circuit board
containing the
principal components of
a computer or other
device, with connectors
into which other circuit
boards can be slotted.

 Expansion Slot – graphics card, memory
 PCI Slot – modem, sound card
 AGP – for 3D graphics
 CPU Slot – microprocessor chip
 RAM Slot – for additional memory

 Openings at the back of a system unit
 Allows you to expand component within the system box
Modem Card
Video Card

 CPU or Central Processing Unit
 Receives and executes instructions form
software activated by user.
 Process information and instruction at
different speeds measured in Megahertz
(Mhz) or Gigahertz (Ghz)

 Computer needs memory chips to store information
 Measured in bytes which 1 byte = 1 character
 Computers developed using a numbering system of 1s and 0s.
 These two digits make a bit and eight bits make 1 byte
1 kilobyte = 1,024 bytes or 1 thousand bytes
1 megabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes or 1 million bytes
1 Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes or 1 Billion bytes
1 Terabyte = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes or 1 Trillion bytes
 Every file used in a software program by the computer has a specific file size.

 Group of integrated circuit responsible for:
- Starting a computer
- Checking the RAM
- Loading the OS
 Function only when the computer first turned
on or each time you restart (reboot) the
computer.
 Reads information entered and process during
the time it resides in the memory

 A random-access memory device
allows data items to be read and
written in roughly the same amount
of time regardless of the order in
which data items are accessed.

 Allow communication between the user and computer
 In simple terms, anything you used to enter information into a computer
considered input device, and anything used to display information in a computer
considered output device.
 Input / Output Device can be used to:
- send information to the computer.
- display / transmit info from the computer
- communicate between computers

MOUSE
MICROPHONE
SCANNERS
KEYBOARD
CD ROM / DVD DRIVE

PRINTER FLAT PANEL
MONITOR
SPEAKERS
CRT MONITOR
PLOTTERS
HEADSET

MODEM
GRAPHICS TABLET
JOYSTICK
DIGITAL CAMERA

 Store software programs and permanent record of work
FLOPPY DISK HARD DISK DRIVE CD DRIVE / WRITER DVD DRIVE

SUPERDISK
TAPE DRIVES
FLASH DISK
FLASH / MEMORY
CARDS

 Computers generally have one floppy disk drive, at least one hard disk drive, and
one CD drive.
 Each disk drive is assigned with letter and referred to as Drive [D]: or [D]
 Drives:
- Floppy Drives A or B
- Hard Drives C or higher for each hard drive installed
- CD/DVD Drives D or higher for each drive installed
- Network Drives F or higher for each network drive
 Can add or remove drives as required

 A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper.
 Different types of printers
DOT MATRIX INK JET PRINTER BUBBLE JET
PRINTER
LASER PRINTER

Introduction to Computers

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