Artificial intelligence implementation challenges in embedded design

Artificial intelligence implementation challenges in embedded design

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  Technical Insights -Embedded Artificial Intelligence Implementation Challenges in Embedded Systems The real programming work begins especially in the case of artificial intelligence, problems can lead to a kind of combinatorial explosion of issues unless there is incredible focus on the task at hand. An unfortunate consequence can be pressure to produce a tightly bounded, domain specific solution so as to make good on promised dates and give investors a warm and fuzzy feeling that they’ve picked a good pony. Product schedules, which all business naturally use as a guidepost, is a critical yardstick to measure successful execution but sometimes problematic when the solution, like real artificial intelligence, requires so much different thinking, creativity and has proven so elusive for so many decades for so many. Someone creatively designing and developing off in the quiet contemplative corner of their garage, without the pressure of paying back investors before the next quarter, has as good of a chance as anyone these days given the ubiquity of low cost primary and secondary storage and incredibly fast microcontrollers that cost less than a cheeseburger. The following are the Challenging functionalities in Artificial Intelligence Implementation FossilShale Embedded Technologies Private Limited - www.fossilshale.com Page 1 of 5
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  Technical Insights -Embedded Interpreting the environment’s state The technologies for this task involve analyzing various sensing inputs. Speech /Voice: Humans most often interact through written or spoken language. So, it’s clear that they will also expect this kind of interaction with artificial intelligence environments. Speech recognition and natural language processing are different and complementary problems, using different techniques. Speech recognition obtains an electric signal from a microphone. The first step is identifying phone message in this signal, which involves signal processing and pattern recognition. The next step is joining phone message and identifying words. Several speech recognition systems are available and are more or less successful, depending on how the user speaks. Natural language input is a written sequence, resulting from a speech recognition system or obtained from a keyboard or even a written document. Natural language processing aims to understand this input. The first step is syntax analysis, followed by semantic analysis. Knowledge representation plays an important role. Automatic-translation systems are one of the most studied areas using statistical and knowledge-based approaches. Imaging / Vision: Vision is humans’ richest sensorial input. So, the ability to automate vision is important. Basically, computer vision is a geometric reasoning problem. Computer vision comprises many areas, such as image acquisition, image processing, object recognition (2D and 3D), scene analysis, and image-flow analysis. Computer vision can be used in different situations in artificial intelligence. For example, intelligent transportation systems can use it to identify traffic problems, traffic patterns, or approaching vehicles. Computer vision can also identify either human gestures to control equipment or human facial expressions to identify emotional states. The processing of data acquired by many other sensorial sources (for example, raw sensors, RFID, and GPS) can also benefit from artificial intelligence techniques. FossilShale Embedded Technologies Private Limited - www.fossilshale.com Page 2 of 5
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  Technical Insights -Embedded Representing the information and knowledge associated with the environment Artificial Intelligence environments involve real-world problems, which are characterized by incompleteness and uncertainty. Generally might be correct, some part might be incorrect, and some part might be missing. The question is how to proceed with an elaborated reasoning process dealing with these information problems. To handle this situation, researchers have used many techniques, such as Bayesian networks, fuzzy logic, and rough sets. Generally, we deal with information; some part of it Knowledge representation: Knowledge representation is one of the most important areas in artificial intelligence. Expert systems have achieved tremendous success in areas such as medicine, industry, and business. During the last decade with the strong development of the Internet and the birth of the Web, humans faced a critical problem. The amount of information became huge, and the mapping between information and knowledge became urgent. The Artificial Intelligence community started paying attention to information retrieval, text mining, ontology’s, and the Semantic Web. Early experience in intelligent systems development shows us that intelligence isn’t possible without knowledge; this is also true for artificial intelligence. Modeling, simulating, and representing entities in the environment: FossilShale Embedded Technologies Private Limited - www.fossilshale.com Page 3 of 5
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  Technical Insights -Embedded People expect agents to support features such as sensing capabilities, autonomy, reactive and proactive reasoning, social abilities, and learning. Multi agent systems emphasize social abilities, such as communication, co- operation, conflict resolution, negotiation, augmentation, and emotion. Multi agent systems rapidly became the main paradigm in artificial intelligence. After the Web boom, agents received even more attention. Multi agent systems are especially good at modeling real-world and social systems, where problems can be solved in a concurrent and cooperative way without needing optimal solutions (for example, in traffic or manufacturing). In Artificial Intelligence environments, agents are a good way to model, simulate, and represent meaningful entities such as rooms, cars, or even persons. Planning decisions or actions: Planning assists problem solving by producing a plan of action to achieve a particular goal. Artificial Intelligence planning deals with all the aspects of general planning. Plans can be established before they execute (offline) or while they execute (online). They can be deliberative (planning and executing what was planned without considering unexpected events), reactive (reacting to stimulus in a much more basic way), or hybrid (combining the best of deliberative and re- active policies). Planning is particularly linked with intelligence. Convincing someone that a system is intelligent is difficult if that system can’t plan how to solve problems. Consequently, Artificial Intelligence environments must support planning to give intelligent advice to users. A clear example is in intelligent transportation systems—both inside vehicles, where intelligent driving systems will help drivers, and on the road, where route planning will consider constraints related to traffic, time, and cost. Most often, planning is associated with some kind of optimization. Here, combining artificial intelligence and operations research makes sense. Some computational-intelligence and bio-inspired methods such as genetic algorithms, ant colonies, particle swarm intelligence, taboo search, and simulated annealing are useful. Learning about the environment and associated aspects: Machine learning has received attention from the artificial intelligence community from the beginning. Since the ’70s, neural networks have had great success, being applied in many real-world problems such as classification techniques that use more high-level descriptions. For example, inductive learning, casebased reasoning, and decision-tree-based methods have also seen success. During the ’80s, the term “data mining” started appearing. Many database researchers have used this term to refer to machine learning techniques (together with some statistics methods such as k-means) FossilShale Embedded Technologies Private Limited - www.fossilshale.com Page 4 of 5
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  Technical Insights -Embedded employed in knowledge discovery. Data mining constitutes one phase of knowledge discovery (selection, cleaning, and preprocessing are phases before data mining, while interpretation and evaluation come after data mining). Nowadays, machine learning is widely used, so artificial intelligence will likely also need to handle this technology. One requirement for artificial intelligence is to learn by observing users. Several systems understand user commands, but they’re not intelligent enough to avoid doing things that the user doesn’t want. Basic machine learning methods will enable artificial intelligence systems to learn by observing users, thus making these systems more acceptable to them Interacting with humans: Artificial Intelligence systems should be able to interact intelligently with humans. Such interaction requires context awareness. In Artificial Intelligence systems, context awareness will involve such factors as mixed-initiative interfaces, adapting to users and situations, learning by observing users, consciousness of the current situation, and scalable intelligence. Interaction through natural language and gestures – Kindly refer Smart camera Image. Because artificial intelligence systems deal with humans, they will need to consider all pertinent social and emotional factors. For example, a person might not be interested in watching his or her favorite TV program, a soccer game, because friends who don’t like soccer are visiting (a social aspect) or because he or she is in a bad mood (an emotional aspect). Current artificial intelligence research on affective computing and social computing is important for incorporating such capabilities into artificial intelligence systems. Acting on the environment: The automated embedded devices such as robots could perform actions. Cognitive-robotics research can provide benefits for artificial intelligence environments such as smart homes. This is especially true when persons live alone, are elderly, or have health problems. The creation of intelligent robots that can perform several tasks or just act as companions is important. However, in the current state of the art, we can create robots that operate well only for specific tasks. Creating robots with the flexibility to do different tasks, as humans can do, is too complex. This limitation is due primarily to physical constraints. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=483299695101987&set=a.454260334672590.1073741828.4 51914094907214&type=1 FossilShale Embedded Technologies Private Limited - www.fossilshale.com Page 5 of 5