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![Part I: Static Patterns
Gestalt Laws
[Max Westheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang
Kohler (1912)]
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Symmetry
Closure
Relative Size
Figure and Ground](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/visualthinkingcolinwarelectures201316patternsforvisualizatingstructures-131223111314-phpapp02/75/Visual-thinking-colin_ware_lectures_2013_16_patterns-for-visualizating-structures-7-2048.jpg)
![Part I: Static Patterns
Gestalt Laws
[Max Westheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang
Kohler (1912)]
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Symmetry
Closure
Relative Size
Figure and Ground](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/visualthinkingcolinwarelectures201316patternsforvisualizatingstructures-131223111314-phpapp02/75/Visual-thinking-colin_ware_lectures_2013_16_patterns-for-visualizating-structures-7-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byElsa von Licy
Visual thinking colin_ware_lectures_2013_16_patterns for visualizating structures
Representing Data using Static and Moving Patterns discusses using patterns to represent information visually. It covers static patterns based on Gestalt laws of proximity, similarity, continuity, symmetry, closure, relative size, and figure/ground relationships. It also discusses using motion patterns to show relationships by having objects move together or in sequence. The document examines how motion can be used to represent causality, structure, or other relationships between elements. It argues that static and moving patterns are key to effectively visualizing information.
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Visual thinking colin_ware_lectures_2013_16_patterns for visualizating structures
- 1. Representing Data using Staticand Moving Patterns Colin Ware UNH
- 2. Introduction Finding patterns iskey to information visualization. Expert knowledge is about understanding patterns (Flynn effect) Example Queries: We think by making pattern queries on the world Patterns showing groups? Patterns showing structure? When are patterns similar? How should we organize information on the screen?
- 4. The dimensions ofspace
- 5. The “What” Channel Patternsof patterns
- 6. Two parts Part I:Static Patterns Part II: Patterns in Motion
- 7. Part I: StaticPatterns Gestalt Laws [Max Westheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler (1912)] Proximity Similarity Continuity Symmetry Closure Relative Size Figure and Ground
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
- 12. Connectedness Connectedness assumed inContinuity a c b d
- 13. Continuity Visual entities tendto be smooth and continuous a b c
- 14. Continuity in Diagrams Connectionsusing smooth lines a b
- 15. Graph aesthetics (experiment) In x b a Continuity(inv bendiness)
- 16. Results rt = -4.970+ 1.390spl + 0.01699con + 0.654cr + 0.295br spl: Shortest path length con: continuity cr: crossings br: branches 1 crossing adds .65 sec 100 deg. adds 1.7 sec 1 crossing == 38 deg.
- 17. Symmetry Symmetry create visualwhole Prefer Symmetry
- 18. Symmetry (cont.) Using symmetryto show Similarities between time series data
- 19.
- 20. Closure (cont.) Closed contoursto show set relationship A B C D
- 21. Extending the Eulerdiagram
- 22. Closure (cont.) Segmenting screen Creatingframe of reference Position of objects judged based on enclosing frame.
- 23. Relative Size Smaller componentstend to be perceived as objects prefer horizontal and vertical orientations
- 24. Figure and Ground Symmetry,white space, and closed contour contribute to perception of figure.
- 25. Figures and Grounds(cont.) Rubin’s Vase Competing recognition processes
- 26. Field, Hayes andHess Contour finding mechanisms
- 27. More Contours a b Direct application tovector field display
- 28. Vector fields Contours and penstrokes, 3D, shading
- 29.
- 31.
- 32. Algorithms Optimizing trace density(poisson disk) Flexible methods for rendering (enhanced particle systems).
- 33. Transparency Continuity is importantin transparency x < y < z or x > y > z y < z < w or y > z > w x w y b a z
- 34. Laciness (Cavanaugh) a b Layered data:be careful with composites of textures c d
- 35. Patterns in Diagrams Patternsapplied a c b d
- 36. Visual Grammar ofdiagrams
- 37.
- 38. Treemaps and hierarchies Treemapsuse areas (size) SP tree Graph Trees use connectivity (structure) a b a b c f d e g h i www.smartmoney.com a bc i de f gh
- 39. Part II: Patternsin Motion How can we use motion as a display technique? Gestalt principle of common fate
- 40. Limitation due toFrame Rate λ Can only show motions that are limited by the Frame Rate. We can increase by using additional symbols. a b c
- 41. Motion as avisual attribute (Common fate) correlation between points: frequency, phase or amplitude Result: phase is most noticeable
- 42. Motion is HighlyContextual Group moving objects in hierarchical fashion. a b
- 43. Frame as motioncontext The stationary Dot is perceived as moving in (a). The circle has no effect on this process in (b). a b
- 44. Using Causality todisplay causality Michotte’s claim: direct perception of causality
- 45.
- 46. Michotte’s Causality Perception 10 0% De t Lu c i g i c a nhn r Dl ydl u c i g ea e a n hn N cua t o a s liy 5% 0 10 0 T e( s c i me .) m 20 0
- 47.
- 48. Experiment Evaluate VCVs Symmetry abouttime of contact.
- 49. Results Perceived effect Cu ar lat n h a s l e io s ip p 1 S m re tio s i o e la n hp p 3 N r lat n h o e io s ip p 2 -1 .0 0 .5 -0 .5 0 .0 T ere tiv toco ta (se o d im la e n ct c n s) 1 .0
- 50. Motion Patterns thatattract attention (Lyn Bartram) Motion is a good attention getter in periphery The optimal pattern may be things that emerge, as opposed to simply move. We may be able to perceive large field patterns better when they are expressed through motion (untested)
- 51. Anthropomorphic Form from motion Patternof moving dots (captured from actor body) – Johansson. Attach meaning to movements (Heider and Semmel) a b
- 52. Conclusion Gestalt Laws areuseful as design guidelines. Patterns should be present in luminance Patterns should be the appropriate size Motion is under-researched, but evidence suggest its power. Simple motion coding can be used to express communication, causality, urgency, happiness? (Braitenberg)