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Spring Framework Essentials
The document provides an overview of Spring Framework, version 4.3.2, highlighting its features such as Inversion of Control (IoC), Dependency Injection (DI), and its modular nature. It discusses configuration methods, bean wiring, and key components of Spring MVC like controllers and data handling. Additionally, it offers insights into the Spring Boot functionalities, aiming to simplify application development without a full application server.
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Spring Framework Essentials
- 1. Spring “Less” is More Basedon the official reference docs (v4.3.2)
- 2. What is it? -Application framework - Inversion of Control (IoC) container - Dependency Injection (DI) - “Ask the framework for the resource” - Many additional (optional) modules - AOP, Web MVC, Data, Security, Mobile, ... - “Alternative” to Java EE - Actually, on top and ahead of it
- 3. Why is it?.. -Historically, greatly eased application development - Java EE implementations has since caught up nicely - Not held back by standardization committees - Advanced features not yet in the Java EE spec - No need for a full application server - Servlet container is enough - Highly modular and granular DI
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- 6. Bootstrapping - Configuration - XML -Java-based - IoC container init - ApplicationContext - Wiring - Run-time factory
- 7. Basic XML Configuration <?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <import resource="helloOtherWorldConfig.xml"/> <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.world.HelloWorld" scope="prototype" lazy-init="true"> <property name="param1" value="21"/> <property name="param2" ref="helloOtherWorld"/> </bean> </beans>
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- 9. Basic Usage // createand configure beans - XML ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("helloWorldConfig.xml"); // create and configure beans - Java-based ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HelloWorldConfig.class); // retrieve configured instance HelloWorld greeter = context.getBean("helloWorld", HelloWorld.class); // use configured instance String greeting = greeter.greet();
- 10. Naming - Each beanmust have a unique identifier - If none provided in configuration - names are camel-cased - Derived similar to JSON convention: - objectProperty -> objectProperty - ObjectProperty -> objectProperty - OBJECTPROPERTY -> oBJECTPROPERTY
- 11. Beans - Essentially -POJO - But works with convoluted hierarchies - @Bean + @Configuration / @Component - @Lazy - @Scope - singleton, prototype, request, session - @Profile - …, …, …
- 12. Beans Wiring - @Autowired -Inferred - Can be advised - Constructor-based DI for mandatory dependencies - Usually - prefer this method - Setter-based DI for optional dependencies - Useful for cases of circular dependencies
- 13. AOP - Crosscutting concerns -Spring, logging, security, etc. - @Aspect - @Pointcut(“...”) - E.g.: "execution (* com.company.*.*(..)) - JoinPoint - @Before - @After, @AfterReturning, @AfterThrowing - @Around
- 14. MVC - Model - @Repository -View - @Controller + @ResponseBody - @RestController - @RequestMapping - controller and/or method - @RequestParam, @PathVariable, @RequestBody - Controller - @Service
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- 16. Data - JDBC abstractions -Programmatic and declarative transactions - @Transactional - ORM - Hibernate, JPA, JDO - OXM - JAXB, Castor, XMLBeans, JiBX, XStream - JMS
- 17. Testing - Run applicationwith a different context - Bean mocks - Alternate implementations - Compatible with standard runners - @RunWith(...) - E.g.: SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class - @ContextConfiguration(...) - Pass the requested context configurations
- 18. Features Configuration - XML: -Context: <context:annotation-config/> - Component scan: <context:component-scan base-package=”...”/> - AOP: <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> - Transactions: <tx:annotation-driven/> - MVC: <mvc:annotation-driven/> - Beans can be configured manually in XML - Lots of hard (and brittle) work...
- 19. Features Configuration - Java-based: -Configuration: @Configuration - Context: @AnnotationDrivenConfig - Component scan: @ComponentScan(“...”) - AOP: @EnableAspectJAutoProxy - Transactions: @EnableTransactionManagement - MVC: @EnableWebMvc
- 20. Spring Boot - start.spring.io -Just choose what you need and go - Config automatically according to libraries in classpath - @SpringBootApplication - @Configuration - @EnableAutoConfiguration - @ComponentScan
- 21. “You can generallytrust Spring to do the right thing.”
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