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Reconstructing microservice-based architectures
Dr. Ivano Malavolta presents his research on reconstructing and managing microservice architectures using the MicroArt tool, which automates the recovery of a system's architecture from its running state and GitHub repository. The tool addresses the challenges of interdependent microservices, various team dynamics, and integration complexities, providing metrics for assessing software quality and structural analysis. Malavolta emphasizes the importance of customizing metrics for different architectural contexts and encourages engagement with his tool for effective system evolution.
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Reconstructing microservice-based architectures
- 1. VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM Ivano Malavolta Assistant professor VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam Reconstructing microservice-based architectures
- 2. Ivano Malavolta The GreenLab Our platform for researching on software – energy efficiency – performance – software quality in general Students measure real software solutions OpenSTF + ADB Serve web pages VMWare manager SSH MEASURES Wifi network Router Experiment orchestrator OpenSTF Web interface Power meters A PLATFORM A COURSE
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- 5. Ivano Malavolta Microservices • Productsnot projects • Cross-functional teams • Infrastructure automation • Intelligence in the endpoints • Decentralized governance of • technologies • data Delivery Pipelines Teams Capabilities
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- 7. Ivano Malavolta Containers Virtual machinesContainers https://www.slideshare.net/ChrisCiborowski/docker-birthday-3-slides-overview
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- 10. Ivano Malavolta ? Difficult toget the “big picture” • interdependent microservices • technologically polyglot • many different teams • different speeds (dev. and deploy) ... what if we add a new feature? • how to estimate the impact of that change? ... what if we restructure those 5 microservices? • is this change “breaking” other parts of the system? New services? System-level refactoring? A miracle* happens! * Miracle = experience of senior developers, devOps , architects
- 11. Ivano Malavolta Solution Giona Granchelli,Mario Cardarelli, Paolo Di Francesco, Ivano Malavolta, Ludovico Iovino, Amleto Di Salle. Towards Recovering the Software Architecture of Microservice-based Systems. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops, ICSA Workshops 2017, Gothenburg, Sweden, April 5-7, 2017. Giona Granchelli, Mario Cardarelli, Paolo Di Francesco, Ivano Malavolta, Ludovico Iovino, Amleto Di Salle. MicroART: A Software Architecture Recovery Tool for Maintaining Microservice-based Systems. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), April 4, 2017.
- 12. Ivano Malavolta MicroART Running system MicroARTdomain-specific language (DSL)
- 13. Ivano Malavolta Architecture recovery Reconstructthe architecture of complex systems in an automated manner INPUT -- GitHub repo -- running system OUTPUT -- extracted architecture Goal
- 14. Ivano Malavolta MicroART domain-specificlanguage • Abstract and minimalistic • Formally defined à can be managed by other software! • Relies on Fowler’s and Newman’s principles
- 15. Ivano Malavolta Recovered architecture Fullyautomatic à applicable to existing systems! All the services are connected to the service discovery This topology is not so informative if we want to focus on system evolution and maintainability à REFINEMENT
- 16. Ivano Malavolta Architecture refinement Development-oriented dependenciesamong services Semi-automatic
- 17. Ivano Malavolta Monitoring toolsare just a “photo” of the run-time of your system actual photo of the system “after effect” photo of the system the future photos of the system+ + Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices My monitoring tool is much better than this... MicroART is: MicroART is used for planning development activities
- 18. Ivano Malavolta Data-driven architecting MarioCardarelli. Agility of Microservice Architectures: a Metrics-based Approach. Master thesis, University of L’Aquila, Italy, March, 2017,
- 19. Ivano Malavolta • Themarket is full of metric-based tools for performance • The market LACKS metric-based tools for development-time structural analysis – calculate coupling and cohesion – calculate change impact – <ADD_YOUR_OWN_METRIC_HERE> • Example of query on the metrics: Metrics
- 20. Ivano Malavolta • Additionallayer on top of MicroART • Architects can specify their own metrics – your notion of complexity may be different than mine Metrics Calculator Metrics calculator
- 21. Ivano Malavolta COUPLING -How much the microservices are interrelated each other COHESION – How much the operations of a microservice belong together COMPLEXITY - The total amount of work performed by a microservice Default metrics in MicroART
- 22. Ivano Malavolta High qualitysoftware à low coupling à low complexity à high cohesion Quality Attributes
- 23. Ivano Malavolta Repository Metrics Statistical Metrics Structural Metrics Other supportedmetrics (so far) Metric name Description Commits per service Number of commits on each microservice Commits within system Total number of commit on the system Developers per service Number of developers working on the microservice Is stateful Tracks the statefulness of a microservice NoS Number of microservices in the system NoD Number of developers working on the system NoC Number of clusters in the system Cyclomatic Complexity Quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code Relative complexity of a service Coupling of microservice / number of microservices
- 24. Ivano Malavolta • Predictionof costs on Cloud Computing Services • AWS • Bluemix • ... • Custom metrics • Resolution of additional infrastructural services • Dashboarding • developers can define their own visualizations of the architecture • Support for other container managers and Cloud solutions • Integration with Prometheus ... and with other monitoring tools MicroART plug-ins (work in progress)
- 25. Ivano Malavolta Wrap up IvanoMalavolta ? Difficult to get the “big picture” • interdependent microservices • technologically polyglot • many different teams • different speeds (dev. and deploy) ... what if we add a new feature? • how to estimate the impact of that change? ... what if we restructure those 5 microservices? • is this change “breaking” other parts of the system? New services? System-level refactoring? A miracle* happens! * Miracle = experience of senior developers, devOps , architects Ivano Malavolta Architecture recovery Reconstruct the architecture of complex systems in an automated manner INPUT -- GitHub repo -- running system OUTPUT -- extracted architecture Goal Ivano Malavolta Architecture refinement Development-oriented dependencies among services Semi-automatic Ivano Malavolta • The market is full of metric-based tools for performance • The market LACKS metric-based tools for structural analysis – calculate coupling and cohesion – calculate change impact • Example of query on the metrics: Metrics
- 26. Ivano Malavolta Why weare here @ LAC congres • How do you approach a change in the architecture of your system? • Do you want to try MicroART on your system? – fully automatic – not intrusive – no leak of any data • Did you migrate towards microservices? If yes, how?
- 27. Ivano Malavolta Contact Ivano Malavolta| Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam iivanoo i.malavolta@vu.nl www.ivanomalavolta.com A few of the contents of this presentation are from co-authors’ slides