Downloaded 347 times
Uploaded bykelly kusmulyono
Problem Analysis
This document provides an overview of problem analysis techniques. It discusses identifying the problem, specifying it in terms of identity, location, timing and magnitude. It also covers investigating the problem by looking at distinctions and changes between what is and is not occurring. The final stages discussed are testing the most probable cause by matching it to the observed effects through logic, and then verifying the likely cause independently proves it produced the observed effect. Problem analysis provides a systematic approach to explaining situations where expected performance is not being achieved and the cause is unknown.
More Related Content
Problem Analysis
- 1. S1 Business Prasetiya Mulya Business School
- 2.
- 3. What’s the bestway to define or specify a problem? What are the “right” questions to ask? How should you go about isolating and verifying the cause of the problem?
- 4. TESTING EXPLAIN ISAND IS NOT “ PROBLEM ANALYSIS” EXPLAIN A DEVIATION IDENTIFY SHOULD - ACTUAL SPECIFY IS & IS NOT DATA INVESTIGATE DISTINCTIONS & CHANGES VERIFY LOGIC AND REALITY
- 5. PROBLEM ANALYSIS Providesthe skills needed to explain any situation in which an expected level of performance is not being achieved and in which the cause of the unacceptable performance is unknown
- 6. ELEMENTS IN COMMONEvery problem is based on a discrepancy Each has its own distinctive characteristics Every problem’s cause is related to change
- 7. STRUCTURE OF APROBLEM DEVIATION SHOULD PRESENT performance PAST ACTUAL CHANGE performance performance SHOULD
- 8. STRUCTURE OF ADAY ONE PROBLEM DEVIATION SHOULD ACTUAL PAST PRESENT DAY ONE performance performance Some condition required for achievement of the SHOULD NEVER HAS EXISTED or NEVER AS FUNCTIONED CORRECTLY
- 9. TECHNIQUES OF PROBLEMANALYSIS IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM (Definition of the problem) SPECIFY THE PROBLEM (Description of the problem in four dimensions: IDENTITY, LOCATION, TIMING, MAGNITUDE) INVESTIGATE THE PROBLEM (Extraction of key information in the four dimensions to generate possible causes) TESTING THE MOST PROBABLE CAUSE VERIFY
- 10. 1. IDENTIFY THEPROBLEM We define the problem with the deviation statement or name of the problem Contains two elements: 1. nature of discrepancy 2. subject or object affected Ask ourselves: “Can the effect of this problem as we have describe it in the deviation statement be explained now?”. If it can, we must back up to the point at which we can no longer explain the deviation statement.
- 11. 2. SPECIFY THEPROBLEM A. Describing the Problem: IDENTITY – what is the problem? LOCATION – where is the problem? TIMING – when is the problem occurring? MAGNITUDE – how serious, how extensive it is? B. Determining the boundaries of the Problem: “IS” and “IS NOT”
- 12. “ IS” and“IS NOT”: A Basis of Comparison Identify COULD BE but IS NOT data We will be able to identify the peculiar factors that isolate our problem: exactly what it is, where it is observed, when it is observed, and its extent or magnitude Once we have identified bases of comparison in all four dimensions, we are able to isolate key distinguishing features of the problem
- 13. 3. INVESTIGATE THEPROBLEM DISTINCTIONS As the questions “What is distinctive?” (the IS data compared with the IS NOT data) is applied to all four dimensions of a problem, our analysis begins to reveal important clues to the cause of the problem CHANGES “ What changes are most likely to suggest the cause of our problem?” (when the distinction is appreciated as representing a change – its significance as a clue is greatly heightened) GENERATION OF POSSIBLE CAUSES “ How could this distinction (or this change) have produced the deviation as described in the deviation statement?”
- 14. 4. TESTING THEMOST PROBABLE CAUSE Testing for cause is a process of matching the details of a postulated cause with the details of an observed effect to see whether that cause could have produced that effect. The true cause must explain each and every aspect of the deviation, since the true cause created the exact effect we have specified. Testing a possible cause against the specification is an exercise in logic .
- 15. 5. VERIFY Toverify a likely cause is to prove that it did produce the observed effect. Verification is easy to perform once you have identified a likely cause. Verification is an independent step taken to prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Verification is possible in most problem situations. What it consists of will depend on the circumstances.
- 16. Problem Analysis wasnot developed with improved communication in mind. It was developed as a system that would make best use of a people’s natural cause-and-effect thinking pattern