Oxygenation

STUDENT INFORMATION
– NAME OF THE GUIDED : Mrs KAMALI FATHIMA MADAM
– NAME OF THE STUDENT : Mr G.O.V. KINGSON
– NAME OF THE TOPIC :
– METHOD OF TEACHING : LECTURE METHOD
– AV- AIDS : PPT,BLACK BOARD
– NAME OF THE GROUP : 3rd B.sc nursing
– NAME OF THE SUBJECT : MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

Seminar
on
oxygen
administration

INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ANOTOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
3. DEFINITION
4. INDICATIONS
5. HAZARDS
6. INSTRUCTIONS
7. PROCEDURE
8. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
9. SUMMARY
10.BIBILOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION
Patients with respiratory dysfunction
are treated with oxygen inhalation to relieve
Anoxemia or hypoxemia. The normal amount of
oxygen in the arterial blood should be in the
range of 80 to 100 mm of Hg. Tissues vary in
their oxygen requirements.
the cerebral cells receives 20% of the body’s
oxygen supply, and if oxygen is not supplied to
brain, the can live only few minute[5-7 min] .

LUNGS
The lungs are the essential organs of
respiration their main function is to oxygenate
blood. They are present in the thoracic cavity.
In the healthy people, who live in a clean
environment ( are pink in color). People living in
polluted areas are dark in color, due to the
accumulation of dust or carbon particles.
Each lung is in conical shape is enveloped by
double layer serous membrane called as pleura.
The lungs are separated from each other by the
heart and great vessels in the middle mediastinum.

PARTS OF RESPIRATORY
( TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE )


TRACHEA
PRIMARY BRONCHUS
SECONDARY BRONCHUS
TERITIARY BRONCHUS
LOBULAR BRONCHIOLE
TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE
AIR SAC
ALVEOLAR DUCT
ALVEOLAR SAC
ALVEOLUS ( OR ) ALVEOLI

Inspiration
 Expiration
RESPIRATION

EXCHANGE OF GASES
RESPIRATION
INSPIRATION EXPIRATION

MUSCLES INVOLVED IN
RESPIRATION
INTRER COSTAL MUSCLES
DIAPHRAM
ACCESSARY MUSCLES

MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
(FEMALE)
THORASIC MUSCLES
(MALE)
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES

CELLS OF ALVEOLI
TYPE-1 TYPE- 2
Secrets mast cells
which responsible
for phagocytocis.
surfactant
Responsible for over
expansion of alveoli
and prevents lung
colapse

diaphragm
It is dome shaped muscular organ
situated between the thoracic and abdominal
cavity. Phrenic nerve is responsible for
diaphragmatic movements.
OESOPHAGUS
ABDOMINAL
AORTA
INFERIOR
VENA CAVA
OPENIGS

LUNG VOLUME
 TIDAL VOLUME = 500ML
 INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME = 3300 ML
 EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME = 1000 ML
 RESIDUAL VOLUME = 1200 ML

Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administrations of oxygen
at concentrations greater than that in room air
to treat or prevent hypoxemia ( not enough
oxygen in the blood ).
oxygen delivery systems can be
administered by different methods.

CYNOSIS
CYANOSIS is defined as the bluish discolor of the
skin, and mucus membranes resulting from
the decreased amount of oxygen in the HB of
blood

Breathlessness:
Caused by certain diseases such as asthma
emphysema, pulmonary embolism .
Eg: high attitudes

ANAEMIA
It is the deficiency of either quality or quantity
of red corpuscles in the blood giving rise to
symptoms of anoxemia

• Diseases (or) conditions in the alveoli of lungs
that interfere with the exchange of oxygen across
the alveoli capillary membrane
e.g. : pulmonary edema
• poisoning with chemicals that alter the tissues
ability to utilize oxygen
e.g. : cyanide poisoning
• Shock and circulatory failure
• Hemorrhage
• Asphyxia

Methods
of
oxygen administration

METHODS
1. NASAL CATHETER
2. OXYGEN MASK
3. NASAL CANULA
4. OXYGEN TENT
5. TRANSTRACHEAL OXYGEN

1.NASAL CATHETR
• This the most common method of oxygen
administration. In this the nasal catheter is
inserted into the nostril reaching upto the uvla
is held in the place of adhesive tapes. The
catheter does not interfere with patient
freedom to eat, to talk , to move in bed. The
flow of 1-4 ltrs of oxygen is sufficient to
maintain the concentration of 20 – 30% of
oxygen.

2.OXYGEN MASK
An oxygen mask is device used to administer the oxygen
humidity. There are two primary types of mask can be
used to deliver oxygen concentration of 24% to
28%,30%,35%,40%,
55% with oxygen flow rates of 2to 3,4,5,6,8,14 l/min
respectively simple face mask is used for short oxygen
therapy. it fits loosely and deliver oxygen concentration
from 30-60%. If mask does not fix snugly over the face,
oxygen will be lost from the masks flow of 8 to 13 ltrs
of oxygen will be necessary to maintain the
concentration of 25-60% of oxygen.

3.NASAL CANNULA:
A Nasal cannula is a simple, comfortable device.
The two cannula about 1.5cm long , protrude
from the centre of a disposable tube and are
inserted into the nose. Oxygen is delivered via
the cannula with the flow rate of upon to 4
L/min. Higher flow rates dry air mucosa and
do not further increased inspired oxygen
concentrations.

4.Oxygen tent:
An oxygen tent consist of canopy over the
patients bed that may cover the patient fully
or partially and it is connected to a supply of
oxygen. The lower part of the canopy is tucked
under the bed to prevent the escape of
oxygen. The advantage and disadvantage for
using a oxygen tent.

ADVANTAGES:
• It provides an environment for the patient
with controlled oxygen concentrations,
temperature regulations etc.
• Freedom for free movements in bed ( mostly
helpful in babies)

DISADVANTAGES:
• Loss of desired concentrations occurs each
time the tent is opened to provide care for
patients
• There is an increased chance of fire
• It requires much time and effort to clean and
maintain a tent

5.TRANSTRACHEAL OXYGEN:
This is a method of oxygen delivery for clients, with
chronic lung diseases, in which a small
intravenous size catheter is inserted directly into
the trachea through a surgical tract in lower
neck.
This method is of advantage in clients, who
receive continuous oxygen administrations
because

It is less expensive as there is no less of
oxygen to the atmosphere
Since oxygen reaches the trachea directly
clients achieve adequate oxygenation at lower
flow rate
Client tend to use oxygen as prescribed
because of the mobility , comfort
improvement.

1. INFECTON
2. COMBUSTION
3. DRYING OF THE MUCUS MEMBRANE
4. OXYGEN TOXICITY
5. ATELECTASIS
6. OXYGEN INDUCED APNOEA
7. ASPHYXSIA.
HAZARDS:

GENERAL
INTRUCTIONS FOR
GIVING
INHALATIONS

• It must be prescribed and administered in
specific close in order to avoid oxygen toxicity.
• When using an oxygen cylinder, use a
regulator and humidifier.
• Every part of the apparatus should be clean to
prevent infection.
• Change the catheter at least every 8 hours.
• Lubricate the nasal catheter before
administration.
• Oxygen administration must never be stopped
until factors that caused hypoxia are reversed.

• when oxygen therapy is discontinued, it
should be done gradually.
• When the nurse leaves the patient even for
short period. She should leave a calling signal
near patient.
• Watch the patients receiving oxygen therapy
continuously to detect the early signs of
oxygen toxicity.

PREPARATIONS OF ARTICLES
 Oxygen cylinder, with its stand and accessories check
and are whether the whole system works in good
condition.
 A tray containing
 Nasal catheter of appropriate size, clean
and sterile or disposable type in the
covered container
 Water soluble lubricating jelly
 Bowl of water
 Flash light and tongue depressor
 Cotton application
 Mackintosh and towel
 Gauge pieces in a container.

PREPARATIONS OF PATIENT AND
ENVIRONMENTS;
Explain the procedure
Instruct the patient, family members and visitors.
Explanation the safety precautions required
during the oxygen therapy.
Put up the instruction regarding fire precautions
in the unit. Eg : remove cigars and matches etc.
Assemble the equipment, and arrange them
conveniently in the unit.
Place the pt in a comfortable position( fowlers )
Clean the nostrils, if there is crust formation.
Protect the bed and the garments by spreading
the mackintosh and towel.

PROCEDURE:
1. Wash the hands
2. Measure the length of the nasal catheter to be introduced into the
nostrils. Measure the length of catheter from the tip of the nose to ear
lobe. Mark the length ink
3. Check the apparatus for the working condition open the main value in anti
clock wise direction. Look for the pressure reading on the gauge. Open the
wheel value on the reading on the flow meter and adjust the flow of
oxygen 2-4 liter for adult use ( or ) as desired. When the wheel value is
opened, the oxygen will start bubbling through the water in the wolfs
bottle
4. Lubricate the tip of the catheter with water soluble jelly and then check
the flow by immersing in water.
5. Introduce catheter slowly into one of the nostrils to the previously
marked distance . If any obstruction is encountered withdraw the catheter
a little, rotate it and introduce it again never use force.
6. Check the position of the catheter inside , it can be checked by asking the
patient to open his mouth widely depressing the tongue depressor
directing the flash light into the throat.
7. Fix the catheter either over the forehead ( or ) at the check with adhesive
stapes.

NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
 Check the name, bed number and other identification
of the patient.
 Check the diagnosis and the need of oxygen therapy
 Check the doctors order for specific precautions
regarding the movement and positioning of the
patient.
 Assess the patient for any signs of clients anemia.
Eg; cyanosis
 Check the patients mental state and the ability to
follow instructions.
 Check the articles available in the unit and the oxygen
cylinder and its accessories for their functions.

BIBILOGRAPHY
ROSS AND WILSON: TEXT
BOOK OF ANOTOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
 WWW.GOOGLE.COM....

Oxygenation

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Oxygenation

Recently uploaded

In this document

Oxygenation