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O365con14 - powershell for exchange administrators
This document provides an overview of using PowerShell for Exchange administration. It introduces the speaker and their experience, then covers setting up PowerShell tools, basic syntax and commands, and examples of common administrative tasks like getting user information, managing mailboxes, and monitoring servers and queues. The presentation aims to illustrate how PowerShell streamlines many complex scripting tasks and makes Exchange administration easier.
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O365con14 - powershell for exchange administrators
- 2. PowerShell for Exchange Administrators DejanForo CEO, Exchangemaster GmbH European Office 365 Connect Conference, Haarlem, Netherlands 2.4.2014
- 3. Speaker introduction • 21years in IT of which last 16 as an Exchange specialist • 6 Exchange generations (5.5, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013) • 3,2 million mailboxes • Exchange User Group Europe - Founder • 9x Microsoft MVP for Exchange • Founder and CEO, Exchangemaster GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland
- 4. Agenda • Introduction • Settingyou up for working with PowerShell • PowerShell basics • Using PowerShell examples in daily Exchange administration
- 5. Presentation download • Thispresentation will be available for download from www.exchangemaster.net
- 6. Setting you upfor work with PowerShell Tools, etc.
- 7.
- 8. PowerShell Plus • Advantagesover built in PowerShell editor • Advanced Editor • Code you use everday at hand • Script sharing with your colleauges • Profiles • Modules loading • Different layouts • Code signing
- 19. If you useother scripting languages in addition to Powershell -
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- 23.
- 24. Introduction to PowerShell ABCof ExchangeAdministration with PowerShell
- 25. Introduction • How itused to be .... • Problems of Scripting inWindows enviroment • Many things could be done through command line • VBScript – programming knowledge required, knowledge ofVB, WMI,WBEM,ADSI, object models • security voulnearable
- 26. Introduction • How itis today ... • Scripting with PowerShell in Exchange • Command line interface developed first, than GUI • EVERYTHING can be done via command line • Exchange managment GUI actually executes PowerShell commands and shows you the syntax • Single line commands replace pages ofVB code • Symple syntax • Better security – exectution of powershell scripts completely disabled by default, require scripts to be signed, etc.
- 28. Introduction • Exchange Powershell– 500+ commands Get-Excommand • Don’t worry, you will be cool with approx. 20
- 29. Why are yougoing to love PowerShell •Task example : • Get a list of mailboxes and export into .csv file
- 30. Why you aregoing to love PowerShell • VBScript Dim SWBemlocator Dim objWMIService Dim colItems Dim objFSO Dim objFile strTitle="Mailbox Report" strComputer = “MyServer" UserName = "" Password = "" strLog="Report.csv" Set objFSO=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set objFile=objFSO.CreateTextFile(strLog,True) strQuery="Select * from Exchange_Mailbox" Set SWBemlocator = CreateObject("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator") Set objWMIService = SWBemlocator.ConnectServer(strComputer,"rootMicrosoftExchangeV2",UserName,Password) Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery(strQuery,,48) For Each objItem In colItems objFile.writeline objItem.ServerName & "," &objItem.StorageGroupName &_ "," & objItem.StoreName & "," & Chr(34) & objItem.MailboxDisplayName Next objFile.close
- 31. Why you aregoing to love PowerShell •PowerShell Get-mailbox | export-csv c:report.csv
- 32.
- 33. Command Syntax • New-Mailbox •Get-Mailbox • Set-Mailbox • Move-Mailbox • Remove-Mailbox ...
- 34. Getting help • Listof all available PowerShell commands Get-Command • List of only Exchange commands Get-Excommand • Getting help about specific command Get-Help Get-Mailbox Get-Help Get-Mailbox – detailed Get-Help Get-Mailbox – full
- 35. Getting info aboutusers/mailboxes • List of all mailboxes in organisation Get-Mailbox Get-Mailbox -ResultSize unlimited
- 36. Getting all availableproperties Get-Mailbox | Format-List Get-Mailbox –ResultSize 1 | Format-List
- 37. Getting just alist of properties names Get-Mailbox | Get-Member -MemberType *Property | Select-Object Name
- 38. Selecting & Sorting Get-Mailbox| Select-Object -Property DisplayName, PrimarySMTPAddress Get-Mailbox | Select-Object -Property DisplayName, PrimarySMTPAddress | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName
- 39. Examples • List allmailboxes, sort by name, and export into a CSV file Get-Mailbox | Sort-Object -Property Name | Export-csv c:mailboxes.csv • Get a list of mailboxes from Active Directory OU named Users Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit Users
- 40. Examples • Count mailboxesin organisation (Get-mailbox).count • Getting all properties for a specific user Get-Mailbox | where {$_.DisplayName -eq "Dejan Foro"} | format-list • Who is the postmaster ? Get-Mailbox | where {$_.EmailAddresses -contains "postmaster@exchangemaster.net"}
- 41. Examples • Who isthe user with GUID e65a6ff3-d193-4563-9a8e-26a22315a686 ? Get-Mailbox | where {$_.guid -eq "e65a6ff3-d193- 4563-9a8e-26a22315a686"} • Who has UM extention 200 ? Get-Mailbox | where {$_.extensions -contains "200"}
- 42. Getting info aboutservers • Give me a list of Exchange servers Get-Exchangeserver Get-ExchangeServer | Select-Object -Property Name, Edition, AdminDisplayVersion, ServerRole | format-list
- 43. Examples • Give mea list of mailbox servers Get-ExchangeServer | where {$_.ServerRole -ilike "*Mailbox*"} • Do we have servers running on trial version of Exchange and if yes when do they expire ? Get-ExchangeServer | where {$_.IsExchange2007TrialEdition -eq "True"} | Select- Object -Property FQDN, RemainingTrialPeriod
- 44. Getting membership ofa group Get-DistributionGroupMember -identity "Swiss IT Pro User Group Moderators"
- 45. Managing the userlifecycle • Creating users - Importing from a .csv file • Modifing users – move to another database • Removing mailboxes and users
- 46. Importing users froma .CSV file • Task • Import users from a file c:users.csv • For every user • Create user account in AD of form First.Last@exchangemaster.net • Put them in Organizational UnitVIP • Create a mailbox in database “Standard users” • Enter his first and last name • Set all users with password Password123 and require the users to change the password at first logon
- 47. Importing users froma .CSV file Import-CSV c:users.csv
- 48. Procesing values froma csv file • Processing each row of data from .CSV file Import-CSV c:users.csv | ForEach-Object { SOME ACTION} • Command for creating Users New-Mailbox Get-Help New-Mailbox –full
- 49. Processing values from.CSV file • Referencing column names from the .CSV file $_.columnname • Converting Password text into secure string $Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Password123" - asplaintext -force
- 50. Importing users froma .CSV file • Putted all together $Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Password123" -asplaintext -force Import-Csv c:users.csv | ForEach-Object { $Name = $_.First + " " + $_.Last $UPN = $_.First + "." + $_.Last + "@exchangemaster.net" New-Mailbox -Name $Name -UserPrincipalName $UPN -Password $Password - OrganizationalUnit VIP -Database 'standard users' -FirstName $_.First -LastName $_Last -ResetPasswordOnNextLogon $True}
- 51. Making changes tousers • Apply policies • Assing to groups • Enable or disable features • Changing attributes • Moving mailboxes ....
- 52. Moving mailboxes • Movingmailoboxes of users in OUVIP to a new database forVIPs Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit "VIP" | Move-Mailbox - TargetDatabase "VIP users"
- 53. Moving mailboxes • Checkingfor mailbox location after move Get-Mailbox | Select-Object Name,Database
- 54. Removing mailboxes • Checkbefore deleting ! Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit VIP | Remove-Mailbox -WhatIf • Remove them Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit VIP | Remove-Mailbox
- 55. Recommendation • 3rd partysnap-in for better manipulation ofADobjects • Quest Software • ActiveRoles Management Shell for Active Directoy
- 56. Managing queues • Removingspam messages from the queue Remove-Message -Filter {FromAddress -like "*spammer.com*“ } - withNDR $false
- 57. Testing • Get alist of test commands • Get-Command test*
- 58.
- 59. Communicating with userfrom the script • Prompting user Write-Host -ForegroundColor red -BackgroundColor yellow "Formating your drive c: ..." Write-Host -ForegroundColor blue -BackgroundColor green "Be cool I am just kidding" • Getting user input Read-Host
- 60. Script samples Using PowerShellin your daily Exchange admin routine
- 61. Install Exchange 2013pre-requisites http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354(v=exchg.150).aspx#WS2008R2SP1MBX Import-Module ServerManager Add-WindowsFeature Desktop-Experience, NET-Framework, NET-HTTP-Activation, RPC-over-HTTP-proxy, RSAT-Clustering, RSAT-Web-Server, WAS-Process-Model, Web-Asp-Net, Web-Basic-Auth, Web-Client-Auth, Web-Digest-Auth, Web-Dir-Browsing, Web-Dyn-Compression, Web-Http-Errors, Web-Http-Logging, Web-Http-Redirect, Web-Http-Tracing, Web-ISAPI-Ext, Web-ISAPI-Filter, Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console, Web-Metabase, Web-Mgmt-Console, Web-Mgmt-Service, Web-Net-Ext, Web-Request-Monitor, Web-Server, Web-Stat-Compression, Web-Static-Content, Web-Windows-Auth, Web-WMI
- 62. Good Morning Exchange FAQ000116 - Good Morning Exchange - doing a quick check on Exchange using PowerShellhttp://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=247 &Itemid=1&lang=en It checks the following 3 things on all your Exchange machines: - Are Exchange services running? - Are all databases mounted and healty? - Are E-mails piling up in the queues?
- 63. Good Morning Exchnage Checkingservices... All Exchange services OK Checking databases.. All Databases OK Checking Queues... All Queues OK All systems OK, you can have your morning coffee :) |---| | |) |___|
- 64. Checking services... All Exchangeservices OK Checking databases.. All Databases OK Checking Queues... SERVER01 SERVER011448 500 SERVER011478 300 SERVER011485 50 Sorry mate, no coffee for you. There is work to do. |---| | |) |___| Good Morning Exchnage
- 65. Did the backuprun last night? • Exchange 2010 backup report http://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=vie w&id=251&Itemid=57&lang=en • Exchange 2007 backup report http://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251&Ite mid=57&lang=en
- 66. Did the backuprun last night ? Backup Status Report for All Databases in Exchange Organization MAIL Created on 23.09.2013 15:40:57 Backup Status of Mailbox Databases Server Name BackupInProgress LastFullBackup LastIncrementalBackup LastDifferentialBackup LastCopyBackup RetainDeletedItemsUntilBackup -------- ---- ---------------- -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------- ----------------------------- SERVER01 DB01 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 False SERVER01 DB02 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 18:37:31 False SERVER02 DB03 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 20:19:37 False SERVER02 DB04 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 21:49:31 False SERVER03 DB05 False 22.09.2013 17:20:02 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False SERVER03 DB06 False 22.09.2013 17:20:03 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False SERVER03 DB09 False 22.09.2013 17:20:02 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False SERVER04 DB07 False 22.09.2013 17:20:03 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False SERVER04 DB08 False 22.09.2013 17:20:02 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False Backup Status of Public Folder Databases Server Name BackupInProgess LastFullBackup LastIncrementalBackup LastDifferentialBackup LastCopyBackup RetainDeletedItemsUntilBackup -------- ---- --------------- -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------- ----------------------------- SERVER01 Public Folder DB06 22.09.2013 17:20:03 False SERVER03 Public Folder DB08 20.09.2013 17:01:35 False
- 67. DAG Maintenance • Scriptsthat come with Exchange server C:Program FilesMicrosoftExchangeServerV14scripts StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 RedistributeActiveDatabases.ps1
- 68.
- 69. DAG Maintenance On thefirst node 1) execute .StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange01 2) Do your maintenance (patching, whatever) on the first node Exchange01 Exchange02 DAG01 DB01 DB02 DB03 DB04 DB01 DB02 DB03 DB04
- 70. DAG Maintenance 3) Aftermaintenance is completed .StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange01 Exchange01 Exchange02 DAG01 DB01 DB02 DB03 DB04 DB01 DB02 DB03 DB04
- 71. DAG Maintenance 4) Onthe second node .StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange02 5)Do the patching Exchange01 Exchange02 DAG01 DB01 DB02 DB03 DB04 DB01 DB02 DB03 DB04
- 72. DAG Maintenance 6) Onthe second node .StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange02
- 73. DAG Maintenance 7) execute .RedistributeActiveDatabases.ps1-DagName DAG01 -BalanceDbsByActivationPreference -ShowFinalDatabaseDistribution -Confirm:$false
- 74. Compare Services • Computer1:SERVER01 • Computer2: SERVER02 • SystemName DisplayName StartMode State Status • ---------- ----------- --------- ----- ------ • SERVER01 Application Management Manual Running OK • SERVER02 Application Management Manual Stopped OK • SERVER01 PsKill Manual Stopped OK • SERVER01 WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Manual Running OK • SERVER02 WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Manual Stopped OK
- 75. PowerShell books –Lite • Frank Koch, Microsoft Switzerland • German version • English version
- 76. PowerShell books –medium • PowerShell documentation Pack • Manuals that comes with Powershell http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=b4720b00-9a66-430f-bd56- ec48bfca154f&DisplayLang=en
- 77. PowerShell books –medium • PowerShell documentation Pack • Manuals that comes with Powershell http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=b4720b00-9a66-430f-bd56- ec48bfca154f&DisplayLang=en
- 78. Powershell Books –Advanced
- 79. Q&A • Q&A session17:30 – 18:30 • You can send your questions in advance to • dejan.foro@exchangemaster.net
- 80. Contact Dejan Foro, CEO dejan.foro@exchangemaster.net ExchangemasterGmbH www.exchangemaster.net
- 81. Show your scriptsto the world • Technet Gallery • Powershell.com