Network and Types of Networks

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Network
And
It’s types
Uttar Tamang

NETWORK
 A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless) computers
and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and hardware
resources between many users.
 Telecommunication network is a electronic system of links and
switches, and the controls that govern their operation, that
allows for data transfer and exchange among multiple users.
 Example: The Internet is a global network of networks.
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IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK
 Used to share hardware, programs and database in organization.
 Different types of audio, video conferencing is possible.
 It helps for making connections and maintaining relationship.
 Cost reduction by sharing hardware and software resources.
 It supports linkage for competitive advantage.
 High reliability by having multiple sources of supply.
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Types of Network
1. On the basis of Topology.
2. On the basis of Architecture.
3. On the basis of Geographical Area
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1. On the basis of Topology
It is a logical model.
It describes how computers are connected.
It describes how networks are structured or
configured.
It refers to the way the computers or workstations in
the network are linked.
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Structured: Unstructured:
A. Ring Topology.
B. Bus Topology.
C. Star Topology.
D. Hierarchical
Topology.
E. Hybrid Topology.
F. Mesh Topology.
A. Mobile Adhoc
Network [MANET]
Types Of Networking By Topology
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Structured
A. Ring
Topology  Computers and
computer devices
are placed in a
ring.
 Each station is
attached nearby
stations on a point
–to-point basis.
 Data are
transmitted in one
direction only.
 It circulates data
along the ring in
either clockwise or
anti clockwise
direction.
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Advantages: Disadvantages:
No loss in signal
quality.
Easy to install.
Easy to troubleshoot.
No need to terminate
cable.
Expensive topology.
Single failed station
can bring down the
whole network.
It uses more cable than
the bus topology.
Limitation in size of
ring and number of
devices.
Continue….
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B. Bus
Topology
 Computers and
computer devices
are on single line.
 Direct
communication to
all devices on the
bus.
 There is no central
node.
 Failure of one
station does not
affect others.
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Easy to implement and
extend.
Well suited for
temporary networks.
Least cheapest
topology.
Failure of one station
does not affect other.
 Difficult to troubleshoot.
 Limited cable length and
number of stations.
 A cable break can disable
the entire network.
 Maintenance cost may be
higher in the long run.
Continue…
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C. Star
Topology  Computers and
computer devices
are placed in a
ring.
 Each station is
attached nearby
stations on a point
–to-point basis.
 Data are
transmitted in one
direction only.
 It circulates data
along the ring in
either clockwise or
anti clockwise
direction.
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Quite inexpensive.
Easy to troubleshoot.
If there is a computer
failure it only affect one
computer.
Easy to reconfigure.
Data transmission rate
are low.
It requires lot of cable.
Difficult to install.
Continue…
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D.
Hierarchical
Topology  It shows like a tree
structured.
 It pass message
along the branches
of hierarchy.
 Each node in a
hierarchy level has
point-to-point link
with each adjacent
node on its below
level.
 Entire system can
be crippled by any
damages of
primary node.
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Information flow in
hierarchical order.
Easy to install.
Requires a lot of cable.
Difficult to
troubleshoot.
Continue…
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E. Hybrid
Topology
 It is a mix of different
kinds of structured
topologies.
 It combines ta features or
characteristics from
more than one of
network topology.
 Functioning network is
really the combination of
several smaller networks.
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Useful for different
system.
Effective for room size
and shape.
Easy to understand.
 It requires a more
cable.
 Complex in nature.
Continue…
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F. Mesh
Topology  All computers are
interconnected
with each other.
 It is known as
entirely connected
network.
 It is reliable in
nature.
 More cables are
used.
 Linking cost
depends on the
number of nodes.
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 Each connection can
carry its own data load.
 High data transmission
rate.
 Provide security and
privacy.
 Difficult in installation.
 It is costlier.
 Bulk wiring.
Continue…
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Unstructured
A. Mobile Adhoc
Network  Unstructured
network topology.
 Network does not
have specify
topology.
 Structure is
changing
dynamically.
 Sending and
receiving message
are difficult
problems.
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Easy implementation.
Speed of deployment.
Decrease dependence
on infrastructure.
Lack of centralized
entity.
Unpredictable
Hidden/exposed
station problem.
Power limitation.
Continue…
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2. On the basis of Architecture
A. Peer-To-Peer Network.
B. Server-based Network.
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A. Peer-To-
Peer
Network
 It take both client
and server role.
 No centralized
control over
shared resources.
 Resources are
shared with any
other computers
on the same
network.
 All computers are
equally access.
 No additional
hardware and
software are
needed.
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Easy to install.
Individual users
control their own-
shared resources.
Inexpensive to
purchase and operate.
No additional
hardware and software
is needed.
 They are shared
resources.
 No centralized control
access to data.
 Not suitable for more
than 10 users.
Continue…
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B. Server-
based
Network
 It provide
centralized control
over the network
resources.
 Computers used
for server usually
incorporate faster
CPUs, more
memory, larger
disk devices etc.
 Servers are
dedicated to
handle network
requests from their
clients.
 Single password
for network login
delivers access to
all.
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Efficient access to
network resources.
Suitable for more than
10 users.
Information are
centrally controlled.
Server failure leads to
whole network failure.
It is complex in nature.
Dedicated hardware
(server) and special
software add to the
cost.
Continue…
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3. On the basis of Geographical Area
A. Local Area Network (LAN).
B. Wide Area Network (WAN).
C. Metropolitan Area Network(MAN).
D. Virtual Private Network (VPN).
E. Storage Area Network (SAN).
F. Value Added Network (VAN).
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A. Local Area
Network
(LAN)
 Connects computers
systems and devices in
the same geographic
area.
 Links the devices in a
single office building.
 It contains size,
transmission
technology, topology.
 High degree of
interconnection
between computers.
 Easy physical
connection of
computers.
 High data transmission
rate.
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High reliable network.
Easy physical
connection.
Inexpensive medium of
data transmission.
High rate of data
transmission.
Entire network system
breaks down if
communication line
fails.
User identification is
poor.
Continue…
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B. Wide Area
Network
(WAN)
 It describe a network
spanning a regional,
national or global
area.
 The distance
between computers
connected to WAN is
larger.
 Its transmission
medium are
telephone lines,
microwaves and
satellite.
 Internet is the best
example of WAN.
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It covers large area.
All resources can be
collected with the help
of WAN.
E-commerce is possible
with the help of WAN.
It is costly.
Security problem.
Signally affected to
health.
Continue…
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C. Metropolita
n Area
Network
(MAN)
 It covers larger area
than LAN.
 Effective for large
organization.
 It may be a means of
connecting number of
LANs into a larger
network.
 It is designed to
extend over an entire
city.
 It may be a single
network such as a
cable television
network.
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Increased efficiency of
handling data.
Offered centralized
management of data.
Speed of data
transferred.
It coverage large area
than LAN.
 More cable required.
 Difficult to install.
 Difficult to secure from
hackers.
Continue…
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D. Virtual
Private
Network
(VAN)
 It is used for security
purpose.
 It is used to
established secure
intra-net and extra-
net.
 It uses the internet
as its main backbone
network for security.
 It also provide a
network
infrastructure for
combining voice and
data network.
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 Secure connection
between sites.
 Access to restricted
contents.
 Reduce cost.
 Maintenance problem.
 Break of security cause
large issue.
 Difficult to manage
server during
unexpected traffic.
Continue…
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E. Storage
Area
Network
(SAN)
 Shared large amount
of data in a
centralized basis.
 It manage large
amount of data in
hard disk or storage
device.
 It is useful for large
organization .
 High reliable and
fast access.
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High reliable.
Easy and fast retrials.
Better disk utilization.
Reduce backup time.
 It is costly.
 Complex in nature.
 Difficult to manage.
Continue…
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F. Value
Added
Network
(VAN)
 It is a public
network utility.
 It provide both
network access and
additional services
to its users.
 Facebook, America
Online is the best
example of VAN.
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 Faster transaction
processing.
 Better communication.
 Safety and reliability.
 Cost and installation.
 Security problem.
Continue…
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