MS_Unit-1_Lecture-1_Introduction .pdf

MS_Unit-1_Lecture-1_Introduction .pdf

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  Lecture – 107-Dec-2020 Unit - 1 Dr. R. Sarjila, Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore 1 Material Science Course Introduction
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Syllabus – Material Science 2 Unit I: Phase Diagram Phase diagram – Basic principles – Simple binary systems – Solid solutions – Eutectic systems- Application - Solid solution – Interstitial and substitution solid solutions – Hume – Rothery electron compounds – Long range order theory of Bragg and Williams – Super lattices – Interstitial phase – Intermetallic compounds - Elementary Ideas of corrosion – Oxidation – Creep and fracture Unit II: Defects Point defects – Scottky and Frenkel defects – Number of defects as a function of temperature – Diffusion in metals – Diffusion and Ionic conductivity in Ionic crystals -Dislocations – Edge and screw dislocations – Burgers vector – Plastic deformation – Slip – Motion of dislocations under uniform Shear Stress - Stress fields around dislocations – Density – Work hardening – Effect of grain size on dislocation motion –Effect of solute atoms on dislocation motion. Unit III: Optical Properties, Dielectric Properties and Ferro Electrics Color centers – Photo conductivity – Electronic transitions in Photo conductors – Trap, capture, recombination centers – Luminescence - Excitation and emission Decay mechanisms Thallium activated alkali halides – Sulfide phosphorous - Ferroelectrics – Ferro electricity – General properties – Dipole theory – Ionic displacements and the behaviour of BaTiO3 – Spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3 – Thermodynamics of Ferro electric transitions. Unit IV: Elastic Behaviour, Polymer and Ceramics An elastic and visco elastic behaviour - Atomic model of elastic behaviour - rubber like elasticity - An elastic deformation - Relaxation process - Model for visco elastic behaviour - Polymers - Polymerization mechanism - Polymer structures - Deformation of polymers - Behaviour of polymers - Ceramics - Ceramic phases - Structure - classes - Effect of structure on the behaviour of ceramic phases - composites. Unit V: Laser Physics Introduction – Interaction of radiation with matter - Spontaneous and stimulated emission – Conditions for oscillation to occur – Frequency of oscillation of the system – Einstein co-efficient – Population inversion - Laser pumping Rate equations - Three level laser - Four level Laser – Nd:YAG Laser – He-Ne Laser - Optical resonator – Types and modes of resonator – Oscillation - Threshold condition – The confocal resonant cavity – Theory – Spot size and beam divergence - quality factor (Q) of an optical cavity.
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Text & Reference Books 3 Text Books 1. G.K. Narula, K.S. Narula and V.K. Gupta - Material Science, TMH, New Delhi, 1995. 2. A.J. Dekker - Solid State Physics - McMillan Co., 1981. 3. V. Ragavan - Material Science and Engineering, 4th Edition - Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003. 4. M. Arumugam - Materials Science, 3rd Edition - Anuradha Agencies, 2002. Books for Reference: 1. Lawrence H. Vlack - Elements of Materials Science and Engineering, 6th Edition -Reprint, Addison-Wesley, 1998. 2. H. Iabch and H. Luth - Solid State Physics: An introduction to Principles of Material Science, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2001. 3. B.B. Laud - Lasers and Non linear optics, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1991. 4. Verdayan J.J. - Laser Electronics - Prentice-Hall India, New Delhi, 1993. 5. Allen and Jones - Principles of Gas Lasers - Butterworths, London, 1967. 6. K.R. Nambiar - Laser Principles, Types and Application - New Age International, 2004. 7. K. Thyagarajan and A.K. Ghatak - Laser Theory and Applications - Macmillan India Ltd., 1997.
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Text Books 4
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 7 Syllabus – Unit-1 – Phase Diagram 5 • Hume – Rothery electron compounds • Long range order theory of Bragg and Williams • Super lattices • Interstitial phase • Intermetallic compounds • Elementary Ideas of corrosion • Oxidation • Creep and fracture • Phase diagram • Basic principles • Simple binary systems • Solid solutions • Eutectic systems • Application • Solid solution • Interstitial and substitution solid solutions
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Lecture Content 6 • Introduction to Material Science • Classification of Materials • Properties of Materials • Phase diagram • Basic principles • Simple binary systems Material Science Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Classification of Materials 7 Metals Ferrous Alloys Steel Cast Irons Aluminum Alloys Al-Cu Al-Mg Copper Alloys Brass – Cu-Zn Bronze – Cu-Sn Ceramics Engineering Ceramics Barium Titanate PZT Traditional Ceramics Stone Porcelain Polymers Thermosets Metaline Formaldehyde Polymides Thermoplastics Polypropylene Polyethylene Nylon Elastomers Nitrle Rubber Silicone Rubber Composites Metal Matrix Composites Tungsten- Carbide cobolt Polymer Matrix Composites Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Plastics Ceramic Matrix Composites
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Properties of Materials 8 Properties of Materials Mechanical properties Electrical properties Dielectric properties Magnetic properties Optical properties Corrosion properties Biological properties
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Properties of Materials 9 Mechanical properties A. Elasticity and stiffness (recoverable stress vs. strain) B. Ductility (non-recoverable stress vs. strain) C. Strength D. Hardness E. Brittleness F. Toughness E. Fatigue F. Creep Dielectric properties A. Polarizability B. Capacitance C. Ferroelectric properties D. Piezoelectric properties E. Pyroelectric properties Electrical properties A. Electrical conductivity and resistivity Magnetic properties A. Paramagnetic properties B. Diamagnetic properties C. Ferromagnetic properties Optical properties A. Refractive index B. Absorption, reflection, and transmission C. Birefringence (double refraction) Corrosion properties Biological properties A. Toxicity B. bio-compatibility
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Phase Diagram 10 A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, volume, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Types of Phase Diagram – 2D & 3D 11
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  Dr. R. Sarjila,Dept. of Physics, Auxilium College, Vellore Lecture – 1 Gibbs Phase Rule 12 F = C – P + N F - Degrees of freedom (No. of independent variables available to the system) C - No. of components P - No. of phases N - No. of non-compositional variables (e.g.pressure & temperature) F = C – P + 2 For routine processing of materials, we can consider the pressure to be fixed at 1atm: F = C – P + 1
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  Thank You 13