Lecture 1- Computer Organization and Architecture.pdf

Introduction to Computer
Organization and Architecture
Lecture 1
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe
Computer Organization and Architecture
Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Information Science and Technology
East Africa University
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, East Africa University
Content
 Computer Organization and Architecture
 Computer Architecture
 Computer Organization
2
Computer Organization and Architecture
 Computer Organization and Architecture is the study
of internal working, structuring, and implementation of
a computer system.
 Computer Organization and Architecture is the study
of internal working, structuring, and implementation of
a computer system.
 Architecture in the computer system, same as anywhere
else, refers to the externally visual attributes of the
system..
 Organization of a computer system is the way of practical
implementation that results in the realization of
architectural specifications of a computer system.
3

Computer Architecture (cont…)
 Computer Architecture
It deals with giving operational attributes of the
computer or Processor to be specific.
It deals with details like physical memory, ISA
(Instruction Set Architecture) of the processor,
the number of bits used to represent the data
types, Input Output mechanism and technique
for addressing memories.
Computer Organization (cont..)
 Computer Organization:
Computer Organization is realization of what is
specified by the computer architecture.
It deals with how operational attributes are
linked together to meet the requirements
specified by computer architecture.
Some organizational attributes are hardware
details, control signals, peripherals.
Computer Architecture (cont..)
 Architecture in the computer system, same as
anywhere else, refers to the externally visual
attributes of the system.
 The architecture of a computer system can be
considered as a catalog of tools available for any
operator using the system, while organization will
be the way the system is structured so that all
those cataloged tools can be used, and efficiently.
6

Computer Organization (cont..)
 Organization of a computer system is the way of
practical implementation that results in the
realization of architectural specifications of a
computer system.
 Externally visual attributes mean the way a
system is visible to the logic of programs (not the
human eyes!).
7
 Computer Architecture is a functional description
of requirements and design implementation for
the various parts of a computer.
It deals with the functional behavior of
computer systems.
It comes before the computer organization
while designing a computer.
8
9

 Architecture describes what the computer does.
 Computer architecture deals with the functional
behavior of computer systems.
It deals with high-level design issues.
It indicates its hardware.
Programmers view architecture as a series of
instructions, addressing modes, and registers.
10
Computer Architecture (cont…)
 For designing a computer, its architecture is fixed
first.
 Computer Architecture is also called Instruction
Set Architecture (ISA).
 Computer Architecture comprises logical functions
such as instruction sets, registers, data types, and
addressing modes.
11
Computer Organization and Architecture (cont..)
 The different architectural categories found in our
computer systems are as follows:
 Von-Neumann Architecture
 Harvard Architecture
 Instruction Set Architecture
 Micro-architecture
 System Design
12

Computer Organization and Architecture (cont..)
 It makes the computer’s hardware visible.
 Architecture coordinates the hardware and
software of the system.
 The software developer is aware of it.
Examples- Intel and AMD created the x86
processor.
Sun Microsystems and others created the
SPARC processor. Apple, IBM, and Motorola
created the PowerPC.
13
Computer Organization
 The Organization describes how it does it.
 Computer Organization deals with a structural
relationship.
 In the above figure, it’s also clear that it deals with
low-level design issues.
 Where Organization indicates its performance.
 The implementation of the architecture is called
organization.
 For designing a computer, an organization is
decided after its architecture.
14
Computer Organization (cont…)
 Computer Organization is frequently called
microarchitecture.
 Computer Organization consists of physical units
like circuit designs, peripherals, and adders.
 CPU organization is classified into three
categories based on the number of address fields:
 Organization of a single Accumulator.
 Organization of general registers
 Stack organization
15

Computer Organization (cont…)
 It offers details on how well the computer
performs.
 Computer Organization handles the segments of
the network in a system.
 It escapes the software programmer’s detection.
 Organizational qualities include hardware
elements that are invisible to the programmer,
such as interfacing of computer and peripherals,
memory technologies, and control signals.
16
Group discussion
 Group 1:
 Discuss Computer Organization
 Group 2:
Discuss Computer Architecture

Lecture 1- Computer Organization and Architecture.pdf

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