IRJET- Development of Robotic Arm using Arduino and Matlab R2016a

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1
Development of Robotic Arm using Arduino and Matlab R2016a
Prof. R. G. Hirulkar1, Pradnya Gajbhiye2,Pooja Badukale3, Renuka Kapse4, Nikita Ghulaxe5,
Mohammad Arsalan Hakim6
1 Prof. Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research,
Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
2,3,4,5,6 Students, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and
Research, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract - Robotics arms are used in lifting heavy objects and carrying out tasks that require extreme concentration
and expert accuracy. This study mainly focuses on the accuracy in control mechanism of the arm while gripping and
placing of objects. The system facilitates the detection of an object within its limitations. A user interface is abandoned
with the system by giving manually input on the desired destination. Here we canimplementedthisprojectby aMATLAB
based graphical user interface (GUI) which controlthe movementofarobotic arm.Thecommandstomovethe armtoleft
, right, up and down and also to hold or release the object are sent from the GUI and processed by Arduino Uno board
connected to the computer. Camera mounted on top of the arm will make the user able to see the position of an object
thus will help him to feed the command.
Keywords: MATLAB, GUI, Arduino Uno, Camera.
1. INTRODUCTION
These days’ people always needed additional help systems. With the rapid increase in the flow of information, peopleare now
guided to search for different markets and people have entered the competition to manufacture quality products cheaply.
Automation systems are also needed to realize this. Becausestandardizedautomation systemsarerequiredtominimizeerrors
as well as to have experienced and well-trained employees for quality products. Because of their physical characteristics,
people needed to use auxiliary machines in places where their strength was not enough. These machines, which are operated
with the need for human assistance in advance, have been made to operate spontaneously without the need of human power
with the progress of technology. The most used tools in automation systems is robots. robotic systems; mechatronics
engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineeringandcomputerengineeringhaveall cometogetherto work together.
A robotic arm by definition is a robot manipulator, usually programmable, with functions similar to a human arm. The end
effectors can be designed to perform any desired task such as welding, gripping, spinning, dropping etc., depending on the
application. The robotic arm can be autonomous or controlled manually, which imparts to it the characteristic to be used to
perform a variety of tasks with great accuracy. In this study we are implementing it using MATLAB to track the human arm
using different X and Y axis to control the robotic arm.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Robotic arm is a one of the type of mechanical arm. The armisprogrammable,withsameFunctionalitylikea humanarm.Types
robot arms depend on the its range, working Capability and reach. The robot is generallyusedforpick andplacework,plotting
and Handling arc welding. Its range is mostly 2 dimensional. Cylindrical robot is also used for the above mentioned working
categories, but since it operates in a cylindrical coordinate system, It can be used to do the operations more precisely and
accurately, Furthermore it also has a wide reachable range. Spherical robot works on the polar Coordinate system. The robot
arm is mainly used for pick and place work. It has rotary joints to provide flexibility in a plane. Then for a three dimensional
reach. It is usually combined with other mechanisms. Articulated robot has three rotary joints. Parallel robots are used in the
mobile platform handling cockpit flight simulators. the gripper is an end-of-arm device often used in material handling
applications. Generally, the gripper is like a device which is capable to generate enough grip force to retain an object whilethe

robot performs a task such as pick-and place operation. Any gripper is also capable to perform the task of opening and closing
with some prescribed amount of force over many years of daily operation.Thegripper givessomeflexibilitytothecomponents
at the pick-up point. Angular jaw gripper open and close around a center pivot point, moving in a n arcing motion.
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Block diagram of robotic arm
4. DESIGN OF ARM
The Robotic arm is connected with (Arduino) ATMEG 328 Microcontroller, here we used Open source microcontroller to
perform our task, the way we connected the motors via motor driver L298 with Arduino Board. We used to trim set to adjust
the angle of rotation plays an important task. The servo motors are attached with the body of robotic arm. During the robotic
arm control from the arduino board, it senses the signal from the every individual motors.Thiscorrespondingvalueisfed back
to the micro controller, when there is position displacement and angular velocity varies, corresponding values fed-back tothe
controller. Here arduino will read the analog signal and process and control back to the motor via L298 motor driver. Herewe
programmed the fuzzy rule in the programming part, according to the error rate the microcontrollerprogramming will rectify
the error and repeat the process until it reaches the correct position. During every process the it will converts those
corresponding digital pulses that are then forward to the motors. This motor will acknowledgewithregards tothe pulsewidth
resultant in the moment of the robotic arm.
5. ARDUINO UNO
The arduino uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega 328.The arduino uno has 14 digital input and output pins.
From these 6 pins also used as PWM outputs. It also has 6 analog inputs,16MHzofceramicresonator,a USBconnection,power
jack, an ICSP header, and the reset button. The uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making iteasierto
put into DFU mode. We can powered the arduino uno by the USBconnectionor withan external powersupply.thearduinouno
operates at a voltage on 5V. And the input voltage is from 7-12 V (recommended). And thelimitedinputvoltageis6-20V.italso
has the flash memory of 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader. The arduino uno also does the serial communication. It
communicate with the computer, another arduino, or other microcontrollers .the arduino uno can beprogrammed byarduino
software.

6. MOTOR DRIVER
The L298 is dual full bridge power driver. It is an power integrated circuit which is used for to drive the resistive and inductive
load. The device contains 4 push pull drivers withanseparatedlogicinputs.Therearetwoenableinputsalsoprovidedforpower
down and chopping. Driver iscapable of driving loads up to 2A continuously. It is operated on the supply voltage up to 46V.The
total saturation voltage is 3.4V max at 1A.it is an over temperatureprotected. TheL298operatesinswitchedandL/Rregulation
modes. The L298 has 25W power-tab package for low installed cost. It has individual logic inputs for each driver. It also has the
channel-enable logic inputs for driver pairs. the logic inputs to the L298 have high threshold i.e. 1.85V andhysteresistoprovide
trouble free operation in noisy environments.
7. OPERATING PROCESS
This is a project in which MATLAB based GUI communicates with Arduino through a USB data cable. In this system we have a
robotic arm with a camera implemented on its top. this camera will continuously keep an eye on the object in front of it thus
makes it possible forthe user to know the position of objectand perform the task. theusercanmovethearmtoleft,right,upand
down. he can also pick, hold and release the object according to his need. For these you have the different buttons on GUI. You
can send commands to Arduino to move the arm in a specific direction by pressing the corresponding button in the GUI. When
we push a particular push button, it executes the callback function which is corresponding to that push button in the MATLAB
program. Within that function, instructions to set/reset the digital I/O pins of Arduino are executed to drive the motors in the
desired direction. Here we are using 3 motors in this system to make the movement of arm more accurate. Based upon the
button pressed, the robotic arm move to the specified location, pick it up and releases the object.
8. FLOWCHART:
The flowchart of robotic arm usingarduino uno and MATLAB R2016a isshown in abovefigure. We are operating the armusing
GUI(graphical user interface) screen through matlab coding.

Flowchart of robotic arm

9. OBSERAVTION
The developed robot arm at reference condition covers maximum arc of the radius R =29cm and possible to extend
further. The minimum radius that arm can cover is r =26cm.
R=29cm
Referance
r =26cm
Arm is moving in semicircle,
Therefore
The area of coverage of the arm will be A=1/2π(R-r)2
=0.5*3.14(29-26)2
=14.13 sq.cm.
For the base, the angle of one complete rotation is 1800.
The arm calibrates itself in two rotations of the base. Every rotation is of 1800.
10. APPLICATION
The robotic arm may be used in situations where the shortest path between two points is needed. This system is called as
dynamic system because without going to reference positioneverytimeitcalculatetheshortestpathfor the changeinchangein
object position while other may be called as static system.
 Robotic arm with intelligence of finding shortest path can be used in terrain navigation.
 Industrial robotarms can be outfitted for multiple applications, from welding, materialhandling,andthermalspraying,
to painting and drilling. The roboticarm with intelligence of finding shortest path if designed suitable forspecifictaskcan
be used for all the application mentioned above.
 The robotic arm so designedcan be used where workdoneandtimerequireddoingthatworkistobeminimized,suchas
mounting component on PCB.
11. CONCLUSION
In this paper the implementation of robotic arm control with matlab based and arduino interface. The arm is controlled by the
matlab and it will listen all the instructions through arduino. This is a very easily implemented straight forward method to
coupled man-machine interface. The purpose of this article was to make an arguing UNO control a motor accurately. The gear
motor reached the specific angles of movement that we pre-programmed and it repeated it over and over.

12. FUTURE SCOPE
The robot so programmed for pick and place operation can be madeversatile and more efficient by providing the feedback and
making it to work on own than any human interventions. The features that can be added on to improve its efficiency, make it
operate on its own thought without any human intervention are line follower, wall hugger, obstacle avoider, metal detector,
bomb diffuser etc.
REFERENCES
1. WMHW Kadir, RE Samin, BSK Ibrahim. Internet controlled a robotic arm. Procedia Engineering, 2012.
Mohd A. K. Yusoffa, R. E. Saminb, B. S. K. Ibrahim
2. Wireless mobile robotic arm”, International Symposium on
3. Electric Electronic Technology-step and servo motors, SVET, 2007.
4. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno
5. Baxter, B.S. ; Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA;Decker,A.;BinHe,”Noninvasivecontrol
of a robotic arm in multiple dimensions using scalp electroencephalogram”, Published in: Neural Engineering (NER),
2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on , 6-8 Nov. 2013
6. Yagnamurthy, S.S.S. ; NIT Warangal, Warangal, India ; Chandra, M.S. ; -PSO algorithm”, Published in: Engineering
7. ―Arduino MCU‖, - www.arduino.com
8. Vijayan, A. ; Amrita Sch. of Biotechnol., Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kollam, India ; Medini, C. ; Singanamala, H. ;
Nutakki, C., “Classification of robotic arm movement using SVM and Naïve Bayes classifiers”, Published in: Innovative
Computing Technology (INTECH), 2013 Third International Conference on 29-31 Aug. 2013.
9. Hicks, P. E. (1994). Industrial engineering and management. McGraw.

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