Downloaded 18 times
![Ruby and Scala is Class-based Object
Oriented language
⢠Class based object oriented language
class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int]) {
def hello():Unit = {
class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age)
def hello
puts "Hello there, my name is #{name}."
end
end
println(s"Hello there, my name is ${name}.")
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-12-2048.jpg)
![At first: Common attributes of Ruby
and Scala
⢠Class based object oriented language with
functional features
def sumOfAge(people:Seq[Person]):Int = {
people.map(_.age).flatten.foldLeft(0)(_ + _)
}
def sum_of_age(people)
people.map(&:age).compact.reduce(0, &:+)
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-13-2048.jpg)
![Class definition
class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int])
val person = new Person("tode sking", Some(31))
class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age)
end
person = Person.new("tode sking", 31)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-16-2048.jpg)
![Defining accessor method:
Ruby and Scala
⢠scala
⢠var foo
⢠roughly equal to { private[this] var foo_; def foo
= foo_ }
⢠specialized syntax for accessor
⢠Ruby
⢠attr_*
⢠Enhance class definition with DSLs](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-23-2048.jpg)
![Class definition
class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int])
val person = new Person("tode sking", Some(31))
class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age)
end
person = Person.new("tode sking", 31)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-26-2048.jpg)
![Function as value
⢠Scala:
⢠val f:Int => Int = _ + 1
⢠f(1) //=> 2
⢠val g:Any => String = _.toString
⢠Ruby
⢠f = ->(x){x + 1}
⢠f.call(1) or f[1] or f.(1)
⢠mehod and value is strongly separated
⢠g = ->(x){x.to_s}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-27-2048.jpg)
![Use any object as function
⢠[1, 2, 3].map(&:to_s) #=> ["1", "2", "3"]
⢠map(&:to_s)
⢠It behave like Scala's map(_.toString)
⢠If block value is given, Ruby runtime call its
"to_proc" method and use the result value as
block.
⢠Ruby's Symbol class has to_proc method
⢠:to_s.to_proc #=> {|obj| obj.to_s }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-31-2048.jpg)
![Collections
⢠Literals
⢠Ruby: {}, []
⢠Scala: ()
⢠Neither list nor hash literals](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-32-2048.jpg)
![Collections
Map HashMap
TupleN
LinkedHashMa
p
HashMap
Seq
immutabl
e
LinkedHashMa
p
List
Stack
mutable
Buffer
Traversabl
e
Enumerable
Hash
{key => value}
Array
[1, 2, 3]
(a, b)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-33-2048.jpg)
![Transform collection in Big-class
style
⢠[1, 2, 3].map(&:to_s) #=> ["1", "2", "3"]
⢠Ruby has few Big collection classes. Everything
goes simple.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-35-2048.jpg)
![Transform collection in Scala
⢠Iterator[A].map(f:A => B):Iterator[B]
⢠List[A].map(f:A => B):List[B]
⢠BitSet.map(f:Int => Int):BitSet
⢠BitSet.map(f:Int => String):SortedSet[String]
⢠Magic "CanBuildFrom" implicit argument is used to
solve this problem.
⢠def map[B, That](f: (Int) â B)(implicit bf:
CanBuildFrom[A, B, That]): That
⢠Scala used types VERY MUCH.It's cool.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-36-2048.jpg)
![How to handle "non-existens
value"
⢠Scala: Option[T]
⢠Ruby: âĽnilâĽ
⢠false and nil is "falsy". Other values are "truthy".
⢠obj.foo if obj # call obj.foo if obj is not nil
⢠obj.try(:foo) # same (ActiveSupport feature)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-39-2048.jpg)
![Ruby and Scala is Class-based Object
Oriented language
⢠Class based object oriented language
class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int]) {
def hello():Unit = {
class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age)
def hello
puts "Hello there, my name is #{name}."
end
end
println(s"Hello there, my name is ${name}.")
}
}](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-12-2048.jpg)
![At first: Common attributes of Ruby
and Scala
⢠Class based object oriented language with
functional features
def sumOfAge(people:Seq[Person]):Int = {
people.map(_.age).flatten.foldLeft(0)(_ + _)
}
def sum_of_age(people)
people.map(&:age).compact.reduce(0, &:+)
end](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-13-2048.jpg)
![Class definition
class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int])
val person = new Person("tode sking", Some(31))
class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age)
end
person = Person.new("tode sking", 31)](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-16-2048.jpg)
![Defining accessor method:
Ruby and Scala
⢠scala
⢠var foo
⢠roughly equal to { private[this] var foo_; def foo
= foo_ }
⢠specialized syntax for accessor
⢠Ruby
⢠attr_*
⢠Enhance class definition with DSLs](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-23-2048.jpg)
![Class definition
class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int])
val person = new Person("tode sking", Some(31))
class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age)
end
person = Person.new("tode sking", 31)](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-26-2048.jpg)
![Function as value
⢠Scala:
⢠val f:Int => Int = _ + 1
⢠f(1) //=> 2
⢠val g:Any => String = _.toString
⢠Ruby
⢠f = ->(x){x + 1}
⢠f.call(1) or f[1] or f.(1)
⢠mehod and value is strongly separated
⢠g = ->(x){x.to_s}](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-27-2048.jpg)
![Use any object as function
⢠[1, 2, 3].map(&:to_s) #=> ["1", "2", "3"]
⢠map(&:to_s)
⢠It behave like Scala's map(_.toString)
⢠If block value is given, Ruby runtime call its
"to_proc" method and use the result value as
block.
⢠Ruby's Symbol class has to_proc method
⢠:to_s.to_proc #=> {|obj| obj.to_s }](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-31-2048.jpg)
![Collections
⢠Literals
⢠Ruby: {}, []
⢠Scala: ()
⢠Neither list nor hash literals](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-32-2048.jpg)
![Collections
Map HashMap
TupleN
LinkedHashMa
p
HashMap
Seq
immutabl
e
LinkedHashMa
p
List
Stack
mutable
Buffer
Traversabl
e
Enumerable
Hash
{key => value}
Array
[1, 2, 3]
(a, b)](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-33-2048.jpg)
![Transform collection in Big-class
style
⢠[1, 2, 3].map(&:to_s) #=> ["1", "2", "3"]
⢠Ruby has few Big collection classes. Everything
goes simple.](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-35-2048.jpg)
![Transform collection in Scala
⢠Iterator[A].map(f:A => B):Iterator[B]
⢠List[A].map(f:A => B):List[B]
⢠BitSet.map(f:Int => Int):BitSet
⢠BitSet.map(f:Int => String):SortedSet[String]
⢠Magic "CanBuildFrom" implicit argument is used to
solve this problem.
⢠def map[B, That](f: (Int) â B)(implicit bf:
CanBuildFrom[A, B, That]): That
⢠Scala used types VERY MUCH.It's cool.](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-36-2048.jpg)
![How to handle "non-existens
value"
⢠Scala: Option[T]
⢠Ruby: âĽnilâĽ
⢠false and nil is "falsy". Other values are "truthy".
⢠obj.foo if obj # call obj.foo if obj is not nil
⢠obj.try(:foo) # same (ActiveSupport feature)](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/scalamatsuri-140906065051-phpapp01/75/From-Ruby-to-Scala-39-2048.jpg)
Uploaded bytod esking
From Ruby to Scala
The document discusses differences between Ruby and Scala programming languages. Some key similarities include both being class-based object-oriented languages with functional features. Differences include Scala using explicit types while Ruby is dynamically typed, and Scala having separate concepts of methods and functions while Ruby blurs the distinction. The document also compares features like class definitions, collections, functions as values, and enhancing existing classes.
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From Ruby to Scala
- 1.
- 4. Hello, is thereRubyist?
- 5. (When I moved) From Ruby to Scala @todesking https://www.flickr.com/photos/7armyjmtc/14249465709
- 6. Who: @todesking usestwitter and GitHub web: todesking.com
- 7. Working at PlatinumSponsor
- 8. My background â˘Sistem Integrator(2008-2012) ⢠Buisiness batches ⢠Recommendation system ⢠With Java ⢠Social game servicer ⢠Browser based social game server ⢠With Rails ⢠DSP servicer ⢠Adverting technology(Real-time bidding, user trakcing, machine learning) ⢠With Scala ⢠Vim
- 9. What is DSP Ad Clients DSP SSP I'm here Pages real time bidding(RTB) Web ⢠"Demand Side Platform" ⢠You can find detailed description in at Internet.
- 10. Today I NOTtalk to: ⢠How to build high-performance system ⢠DO THE RIGHT THING and KEEP GOING, thats all. ⢠How to speed up compilation time ⢠BUY FASTER MACHINE ⢠Whitch is greatest language ⢠Every language has own good things ⢠ďďďBE PEACEFULďďď
- 11. I moved fromRuby to Scala, in this April ⢠That is smoother than I thought. ⢠Basically, Ruby and Scala has common attributes ⢠object-oriented and functional paradigm ⢠Modern features for productivity and fun
- 12. Ruby and Scalais Class-based Object Oriented language ⢠Class based object oriented language class Person(val name:String, val age:Option[Int]) { def hello():Unit = { class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age) def hello puts "Hello there, my name is #{name}." end end println(s"Hello there, my name is ${name}.") } }
- 13. At first: Commonattributes of Ruby and Scala ⢠Class based object oriented language with functional features def sumOfAge(people:Seq[Person]):Int = { people.map(_.age).flatten.foldLeft(0)(_ + _) } def sum_of_age(people) people.map(&:age).compact.reduce(0, &:+) end
- 14. At first: Commonattributes of Ruby and Scala ⢠"Fun" language ⢠"RubyăăăĄăă¨ć°ćăĄăă"(Matz) ⢠I can't translate it... ⢠ď â ďďď ⢠"Maybe most important is that programming in Scala tends to be very enjoyable."
- 15. Today's theme: Howthese languages do things in different way
- 16. Class definition classPerson(val name:String, val age:Option[Int]) val person = new Person("tode sking", Some(31)) class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age) end person = Person.new("tode sking", 31)
- 17. Class definition inRuby "class" for class definition class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age) "<" means "extends" Create new instance of Struct WHAT?! Creating new instance at class definition?!?!
- 18. Let's begin mostplain case class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def name; @name; end def name=(val); @name = val; end def age; @age; end def age=(val); @age = val; end end "def" for method definition method named "initialize" is treated as ctor "@name" is instance variable getter and setter methods Lot of boilerplateďŠ
- 19. Auto generating accessormethod in Ruby class Person def initialize(name, age) ... attr_reader :name attr_reader :age end "attr_reader" is keyword for generating accessor method "attr_writer" and "attr_reader" is also available NO, actually it is not KEYWORD It just a METHOD.
- 20. Auto generating accessormethod in Ruby attr_accessor :name â define_method("name") { @name } define_method("name=") {|val| @name = val } â def name; @name; end def mane=(val); @name = val; end
- 21. Ruby is DYNAMIClanguage ⢠EVERYTHING is object ⢠Class is object too ⢠o = Object.new; o.class => Object ⢠If you want to create new class, try A = Class.new ⢠(assign constant A to fresh class object) ⢠To define a method to A, try A.define_method(:foo){...} ⢠(actually, define_method is "private". You should use A.instance_eval { define_method(:foo) ... })
- 22. It called "Macro"in Ruby ⢠Such method called "macro"(Actually, it is just a method!!) ⢠Ruby has no "compile-time". all execution is in "runtime"
- 23. Defining accessor method: Ruby and Scala ⢠scala ⢠var foo ⢠roughly equal to { private[this] var foo_; def foo = foo_ } ⢠specialized syntax for accessor ⢠Ruby ⢠attr_* ⢠Enhance class definition with DSLs
- 24. Auto generating accessormethod in Ruby class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age) Create a new instance of Struct Struct is a kind of Class â PersonBase = Struct.new(:name, :age) class Person < PersonBase
- 25. Auto generating accessormethod in Ruby Struct.new(:name, age) returns class that like class (unnamed) def initialize(name, age) @name, @age = name, age end attr_accessor :name attr_accessor :age # other utility methods... end[
- 26. Class definition classPerson(val name:String, val age:Option[Int]) val person = new Person("tode sking", Some(31)) class Person < Struct.new(:name, :age) end person = Person.new("tode sking", 31)
- 27. Function as value ⢠Scala: ⢠val f:Int => Int = _ + 1 ⢠f(1) //=> 2 ⢠val g:Any => String = _.toString ⢠Ruby ⢠f = ->(x){x + 1} ⢠f.call(1) or f[1] or f.(1) ⢠mehod and value is strongly separated ⢠g = ->(x){x.to_s}
- 28. Functions as valuein other languages ⢠Scheme: f, (f a b) ⢠javascript: f, f(a, b) ⢠Common Lisp: #'f, (f a b), (funcall #'f (list arg1 arg2))
- 29. Use function asvalue: Scala case ⢠def foo(x:Int):String ⢠val f = foo // not works ⢠val f = foo _ // works ⢠def bar(f:Int => String) ⢠bar(foo) // works ⢠bar(x => x.toString) ⢠bar { x => x.toString } ⢠bar(_.toString)
- 30. Use function asvalue: Ruby case ⢠def foo(x) ⢠f = method(:foo) ⢠f = ->(x){ foo(x) } ⢠def bar1(f) ⢠def bar2(&f) ⢠bar1(f) ⢠bar2 {|x| foo(x) } ⢠bar2(&f)
- 31. Use any objectas function ⢠[1, 2, 3].map(&:to_s) #=> ["1", "2", "3"] ⢠map(&:to_s) ⢠It behave like Scala's map(_.toString) ⢠If block value is given, Ruby runtime call its "to_proc" method and use the result value as block. ⢠Ruby's Symbol class has to_proc method ⢠:to_s.to_proc #=> {|obj| obj.to_s }
- 32. Collections ⢠Literals ⢠Ruby: {}, [] ⢠Scala: () ⢠Neither list nor hash literals
- 33. Collections Map HashMap TupleN LinkedHashMa p HashMap Seq immutabl e LinkedHashMa p List Stack mutable Buffer Traversabl e Enumerable Hash {key => value} Array [1, 2, 3] (a, b)
- 34. Ruby has "Big"classes ⢠"Array" is generic, mutable data structure, it can, push/pop, shift/pop, insert, indexed and sequential access, and also used as tuple ⢠"Hash" is generic, mutable (and only) key-vakue map structure in Ruby standard library
- 35. Transform collection inBig-class style ⢠[1, 2, 3].map(&:to_s) #=> ["1", "2", "3"] ⢠Ruby has few Big collection classes. Everything goes simple.
- 36. Transform collection inScala ⢠Iterator[A].map(f:A => B):Iterator[B] ⢠List[A].map(f:A => B):List[B] ⢠BitSet.map(f:Int => Int):BitSet ⢠BitSet.map(f:Int => String):SortedSet[String] ⢠Magic "CanBuildFrom" implicit argument is used to solve this problem. ⢠def map[B, That](f: (Int) â B)(implicit bf: CanBuildFrom[A, B, That]): That ⢠Scala used types VERY MUCH.It's cool.
- 37. How to ehnahceexisting class in Scala ⢠implicit conversion ⢠subclassing
- 38. How to ehnahceexisting class in Ruby ⢠subclassing ⢠direct modification(simplly overwrite/alias_method_chain) ⢠define singleton method ⢠include/extend ⢠refinements
- 39. How to handle"non-existens value" ⢠Scala: Option[T] ⢠Ruby: âĽnil⼠⢠false and nil is "falsy". Other values are "truthy". ⢠obj.foo if obj # call obj.foo if obj is not nil ⢠obj.try(:foo) # same (ActiveSupport feature)
- 40. Conclusion ⢠Rubyand Scala is very different, but they share same goal: be productive, be fun. ⢠There are many different approach to solve problems.We can learn things and achieve fresh surprise from other culture. Have a fun with various programming!!
- 41. Today I wanttalk to: ⢠Libraries ⢠rubygems: High accessibility ⢠Source distribution ⢠Easy to publish ⢠maven repo: Top on Java ecosystem ⢠Some impedance missmatch ⢠Binary distribution ⢠Bit difficult to publish, especially official repo. ⢠Build/Task system ⢠Rake: Simple scripting with internal DSL ⢠Sbt: Type-safe and immutable dependency graph construction with cool := ++= <<= s ⢠It's Scala's way!! ⢠Community ⢠Ruby: Humanity ⢠Love emotional context ⢠Scala: Types ⢠Love Monads !!!!
Editor's Notes
- #4 ăŻăăă¨ăăăăă§ăăăăŹăźăłĺ§ăăăăŚăăăăă¨ćăăă§ăăăŠ
- #5 ăžăćĺăŤčłŞĺăŞăă§ăăăăăŽäźĺ ´ăŤRubyă使ăŁăăă¨ăăćšăŠăăăăăăăŁăăăăžăăďź ăă ăź ćŹćĽăŻRubyăŽčŠąăăăŤćĽăžăă
- #6 ă¨ăăăăă§From Ruby to Scalaă¨ăăăżă¤ăăŤă§çşčĄ¨ăăăŚăăă ăăžăăćŚäşă辡ăăăăŞăżă¤ăăŤă§ăăăŠăRubyăŻăŻă˝ă ăăScalaăŤčĄăăăăŁăŚăăăăăŞăăŚç§ăRubyăăScalaăŤčĄăŁăćăŽä˝é¨čŤăŤă¤ăăŚăŽčŠąăăăžăďź
- #7 ăŻăăăžăăŚçăăăTwitterăGitHubă§ăŻtodeskingă¨ăăĺĺă§ăăŁăŚăžăă
- #8 äťăŽäťäşăŻMaverickă¨ăăäźç¤žă§ăScalaă§ĺşĺăˇăšăă ăä˝ăŁăŚăžăă ăĄăŞăżăŤMaverickă¨ăăăŽăŻScalaMatsuriăŽăăŠăăăšăăłăľăźă§ăďźďź
- #9 ăžăç§ăŽăăăŻă°ăŠăŚăłăăŤă¤ăăŚă芹ăăžăă ćĺăŻSIeră§JavaăăŁăŚăžăăăć¨čŚă¨ăłă¸ăłă¨ăăăăăăć¸ăăŽăăĄă¤ăłă 揥ăŽäźç¤žă§ăŻRuby/Railsă§ă˝ăźăˇăŁăŤăăŠăŚăśă˛ăźă ăŽăľăźăăľă¤ăăć ĺ˝ăăŚăžăăă äťăŽäźç¤žă§ăŻScalaă§ĺşĺăˇăšăă ăä˝ăŁăŚăžăă
- #10 DSPă¨ăăăŽăăŠăăăăăŽăăŤă¤ăăŚăŻăăăŁăŚăă ăăă ç°ĄĺăŤč¨ăă¨WebăŽĺşĺé 俥ă䝣čĄăăăľăźăăšă§ăăăŻăŠă¤ă˘ăłăăăĺşĺăéăăŚăSSPă¨ĺźă°ăăăľăźăăšăŽĺşĺć ăŞăźăŻăˇă§ăłăéăăŚĺşĺăé 俥ăăžăă ăŞăźăŻăˇă§ăłăŻčŞ°ăăĺşĺć ăŽăăăăźă¸ăé˛čŚ§ăăăăłăŤčĄăăăăăăč¨ĺ¤§ăŞăŞăŻă¨ăšăăć°ĺmsăŽé ĺťśă§čżăĺż čŚăăăăžăăăăŽĺśéăŽä¸ă§ăĺşĺăŽCVRăä¸ăăăăăŤćŠć˘°ĺŚçżăŞăŠä˝żăŁăă¤ăłăăŞă¸ă§ăłăăŞĺ¤ćăăăĺż čŚăăăăŽă§ăăăăăă§ăăă ăžăäťćĽăŻăăăă芹ăăŞăăă§ăăăŠăă
- #11 ćŹéĄăŤĺ ĽăĺăŤăäťćĽčŠąăăă¨ăŤă¤ăăŚčŞŹćăăžăă ăžăScalaă§ăă¤ăăăŠăźăăłăšăˇăšăă ăä˝ăćšćłăŤă¤ăăŚăŻč§ŚăăžăăăăăăŻä¸č¨ă§č¨ăă¨ăćŁăăăă¨ăăăăăăăçśăăăăă¨ă§ĺŽçžĺŻč˝ă§ăăé ăĺŚçăć¸ăăŞăăăăăŤăăăŻăčŚă¤ăăŚćéŠĺăăăăžăăč¨č¨ăŻç´ăăăăăçśăăă ăă§ăă䝼ä¸ă ăżăăŞĺ¤§ĺĽ˝ăăŞăłăłăă¤ăŤćéăŤă¤ăăŚăŽčŠąăăăžăăăéăăăˇăłă財ăă¨ćšĺăăă¨ăăĺăăăăžăďźďź Rubyă¨ScalaăŻăŠăĄăăčŻăăŽăăŤă¤ăăŚă芹ăăžăăăćčżăŻĺçĺäťăă¨éçĺäťăăŽĺŻžçŤăç ˝ăăăăŞĺăăăăăžăăăăăăăăŽč¨čŞăŤăŻçŹčŞăŽăăă¨ăăăăăăŽă§ĺä˝äť˛čŻăăăžăăăďźďź
- #12 ăăŚăç§ăŻăăŽ4ćăŤRubyăăScalaăŤäšăćăăăăă§ăăăŠă秝čĄăŻćăŁăăăăšă ăźăşăŤăăăžăăă Rubyă¨ScalaăŻăăăŞăäźźăçšĺž´ăćăŁăŚăăžăă ăŠăĄăăOOăăźăšă§é˘ć°ĺăŽćŠč˝ăĺăĺ ĽăăŚăăăă¨ăăăăŚăççŁć§ă¨ćĽ˝ăăăéčŚăăŚăăăă¨ă
- #13 ăžăăăŠăĄăăăŻăŠăšăăźăšăŽăŞăă¸ă§ăŻăćĺč¨čŞă§ăăăăăăăŽč¨čŞă§ăťăźĺăĺ 厚ăŽăŻăŠăšăĺŽçžŠăăŚăżăžăăăăŠăĄăăŽč¨čŞăăç°Ąć˝ăŞč¨ćłă§ăŻăŠăšăĺŽçžŠăăăăăŽćŠč˝ăĺăăŚăăžăă
- #14 ăžăăé˘ć°ĺăŽćŠč˝ăĺăĺ ĽăăŚăăăçĄĺăŽé˘ć°ăă¤ăłăŠă¤ăłă§ä˝ăŁăăé˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚćąăăăăŽćŠć§ăĺăăŚăăžăă
- #15 ăăăŚăä¸çŞăŽĺ ąéçšăŻă漽ăăăăăłăłăťăăăŽä¸ă¤ăŤăăŚăăăă¨ă§ăăRubyăŽä˝č ă§ăăMatzăŽâRubyăăăĄăă¨ć°ćăĄăă"ă¨ăăĺč¨ăŻćĺă§ăăăMartin Oderskyć°ăScalaăŽçšĺž´ă¨ăăŚScalable, FunctionalăŞăŠăŽçšĺž´ă¨ä¸Śăă§FunăćăăŚăăžăă
- #16 ĺ ăťăŠç´šäťăăăăăŤăRubyă¨ScalaăŻäźźăćšĺć§ăćă¤č¨čŞă§ăă ăăăăăăŽçŽçăĺŽçžăăăăăŽćšćłăŻäşă¤ăŽč¨čŞă§ĺ¤§ăăéăăžăă äťćĽăŻăăăŽäşă¤ăŽč¨čŞăăŠăŽăăăŞă˘ăăăźăă§ĺéĄă解湺ăăŚăăăŽăăç´šäťăăăă¨ćăăžăă
- #17 ăăăŻĺ ăťăŠăĺşăăăPersonăŻăŠăšăŽĺŽçžŠă§ăă ScalaăŽĺŽçžŠăŻăăžăčŚăăžăžă§ăăăăăŽä¸čĄă§nameă¨ageă¨ăăäşă¤ăŽăĄăłăăćă¤PersonăŻăŠăšăĺŽçžŠăăŞăăă¨ăăăăăăăćă§ăă ăăŚăRubyăŤăăăŚăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠăăŠăŽăăăŤăăăŚăăăŽăčŚăŚăżăžăăăă
- #18 ăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠăŻclassă¨ăăăăźăŻăźăăăĺ§ăăăŽăŻRubyă¨ĺć§ă ĺ°ăŞăč¨ĺˇăŻăăăŽăŻăŠăšăĺłăŽăŻăŠăšăçśćżăăăă¨ă襨ăăžăă ä˝čŤă§ăăăScalaă§ăextendsă¨ăwithă¨ăăăăŚč¨ĺˇă§ć¸ăăăă§ăăăźă ă¨ăăăăă§ăăăă§ăŻStructănewăăçľćăçśćżăăPersonăŻăŠăšăĺŽçžŠăăŚăăžăăă ăŞăă ăŁăŚ??? ä˝ć ăăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠćăŤć°ăăă¤ăłăšăżăłăšăä˝ăŁăŚăăăă§ăăă ăăŽäžăŻč¤éăŞăŽă§ăăžăăŻç°ĄĺăŞäžăăčŚăŚăżăžăă
- #19 ĺ ăťăŠă¨ĺăăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠăăăŞăăšăĺşćŹćŠč˝ăŽăżă§ć¸ăăŚăżăžăăă defăăźăŻăźăă§ăĄă˝ăăĺŽçžŠăăăăŽăŻScalaă¨ĺć§ăinitializeă¨ăăĺĺăŽăĄă˝ăăăŻăłăłăšăăŠăŻăżăŤăŞăăžăă @ăŽă¤ăăčĺĽĺăŻă¤ăłăšăżăłăšĺ¤ć°ă襨ăăžăăăłăłăšăăŠăŻăżă§nameă¨ageăĺăĺăăĺĺăŽă¤ăłăšăżăłăšĺ¤ć°ăŤăťăăăăŚăăžăă ăăŽä¸ăŤä¸Śăă§ăăăŽăŻă¤ăłăšăżăłăšĺ¤ć°ăŤĺŻžăăă˛ăăżă¨ăťăăżăĄă˝ăăăŽĺŽçžŠă§ăă ăăŽĺç´ăŞăăăăă ă¨ăăžăă§ă¸ăŁăăŽăăăŤĺ¤§éăŽăă¤ăŠăźăăŹăźăăłăźăăć¸ăĺż čŚăăăŁăŚă ăăă§ăăă
- #20 ăăă§ă˘ăŻăťăľăĄă˝ăăăŽĺŽçžŠăăăŁă¨ĺç´ăŤăăăă¨ćăăžăă ĺ ăťăŠăŽăĄă˝ăăĺŽçžŠăŽäťŁăăăŤăattr_readerăăźăŻăźăă使ăăžăă ăăă使ç¨ăăăă¨ă§ăćĺŽăăĺĺăŽăťăăżă¨ă˛ăăżăčŞĺçćăăăžăă äťăŤăă˛ăăżăŽăżăçćăăattr_readerăăťăăżăŽăżăçćăăattr_writerăç¨ćăăăŚăăžăă ăăŚăäťăăźăŻăźăă¨č¨ăŁăăăŠăăăăŻĺă§ăăăăăă§ăăŁăŚăăăŽăŻăĺăŞăattr_accessoră¨ăăăĄă˝ăăăŽĺźăłĺşăă§ăă
- #21 ăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠĺ ăŤć¸ăăĺźăŻScalaă ă¨ăłăłăšăăŠăŻăżćąăăŤăŞăăžăăăRubyăŽĺ ´ĺăŻăăŽăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠăčŞăžăăăżă¤ăăłă°ă§čŠäžĄăăăžăăäťăŽäžă ă¨ăčŞĺčŞčşŤăă¤ăžăPersonăŻăŠăšăŤĺŻžăăŚattr_accessorăĄă˝ăăăĺźăłăžăă ăăŽăĄă˝ăăăĺźă°ăăă¨ăă˛ăăżă¨ăťăăżäşă¤ăŽăĄă˝ăăăčŞĺçăŤçćăăăžăăăťăźĺăĺŚçăćĺă§ć¸ăă¨ădefine_methodăĺźăłĺşăăă¨ă§ăăŽăăăŤć¸ăăžăă
- #22 ăăăRubyăŽçšĺž´çăŞă¨ăăă§ăăăŽč¨čŞăŤăăăŚăŻĺ ¨ăŚăăŞăă¸ă§ăŻăă¨ăăŚčĄ¨çžăăăŚăăžăăĺ ¨ăŚă¨ăăăŽăŻăă¤ăžăăăŻăŠăšăĺŤăżăžăă ĺŽć°AăŤClassăŻăŠăšăŽć°ăăă¤ăłăšăżăłăšăäťŁĺ Ľăăăă¨ă§ć°ăăăŻăŠăšăä˝ăăăăăŻăŠăšAăŤĺŻžăăŚdefine_methodăĄă˝ăăăĺźăśăă¨ă§ć°ăăăĄă˝ăăăĺŽçžŠă§ăăžăă
- #23 ăăŽattr_accesorăĄă˝ăăăŽăăăŞăăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠĺ ă§ä˝żăăăĄă˝ăăăŽăă¨ăRubyă§ăŻăăăŻăăă¨ĺźăă ăăăžăă ScalaçăŽăłăłăă¤ăŤč¨čŞă§ăăŻăă¨č¨ăă¨ăăłăłăă¤ăŤćăŤčŠäžĄăăăŚASTăăăŁăăăăćŠč˝ăŽăă¨ăćăăŽă§ăăăŻRubyćĺăŽçšćŽăŞă¨ăăă§ăăăăăăăRubyăŤăŻăłăłăă¤ăŤćă¨ăăćŚĺżľăăŞăăŽă§ăäťăŽč¨čŞă ă¨ăăŻăă§ĺŽçžăăăăăŞćŠč˝ăăăŻăăŁăŚčŞăă§ăăăăăŞăăă¨ćăăžăă
- #24 Scalaă§ă˘ăŻăťăľăĄă˝ăăăĺŽçžŠăăăă¨ćăŁăăăvalăvarăăźăŻăźăă¨ăăč¨čŞçľăżčžźăżăŽćŠč˝ă使ăăă¨ăŤăŞăăžăăăăăŁăŚé ĺźľăă°ăăŻăă§ĺŽçžĺŻč˝ăŞăŽăă¨ăăă¨ăăăśăçĄçăŞć°ăăăžă ĺż čŚăŞćŠč˝ăťăăăăăăăăsyntaxăŤĺŤăăĺż čŚăăăScalaă¨ăăŻăŠăšăĺçăŤćä˝ĺŻč˝ăŤăăăă¨ă§ĺăŞăăĄă˝ăăă§ĺŽçžĺŻč˝ăŤăăRubyă¨ăă寞ćŻăă§ăăăă§ăăă
- #25 ćĺăŽäžăŤćťăăžăăăăRubyăŤăăăŚăŻăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠăĺçăŤĺŽčĄăăăăăăPersonăŽĺŽçžŠćăŤStructăŽă¤ăłăšăżăłăšăä˝ćăăăçśćżĺ ă¨ăăŚćĺŽăăăžăă
- #26 ă˘ăŻăťăľăŽäžă§ăŻăĄă˝ăăăĺçăŤĺŽçžŠăăŚăăžăăăăRubyăŤăăăŚăŻăŻăŠăšăăŽăăŽăĺć§ăŤĺççćă§ăăžăă StructăŤă˘ăŻăťăľĺă渥ăăŚnewăăă¨ăĺ ăťăŠăŽĺç´ăŞäžă§ç¤şăăăŽă¨ĺăăăăŞăŻăŠăšăčŞĺçćăăăžăă ăăŽăŻăŠăšăçśćżăăăă¨ă§ăéŠĺăŞăłăłăšăăŠăŻăżă¨ă˘ăŻăťăľă使ăăăăăŤăŞăŁăŚăĄăăżăˇăĄăăżăˇă¨ăŞăăžăă
- #27 ă¨ăăăăă§ăăŻăŠăšĺŽçžŠăäžăŤăăŚRubyăĺçăŤăŻăŠăšăćä˝ĺŻč˝ăŞč¨čŞă ă¨ăăăă¨ăčŚăŚăăžăăă
- #28 OOăŽčŠąăăăăŽă§ćŹĄăŤé˘ć°ăŤă¤ăăŚćŻăšăŚăżăžăă Scalaă¨RubyăŻăŠăĄăăé˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚćąăŁăăăă¤ăłăŠă¤ăłă§é˘ć°ăä˝ăăăăŽćŠč˝ăćăŁăŚăăžăă ĺ¤ć°ăŤćç¸ăăé˘ć°ăĺźăśĺ ´ĺăScalaăŽĺ ´ĺăŻé常ăŽé˘ć°ă¨ĺăăăăŤĺźăšăžăăRubyăŽĺ ´ĺăŻé˘ć°ă¨ĺ¤ăĺşĺĽăăăŚăăŚăcallăĄă˝ăăăžăăŻăăŽă¨ă¤ăŞă˘ăšăĺźăśĺż čŚăăăăžăăăăăăŽĺžăŤćŹĺź§ć¸ăč¨ćłăŻćčżăŽăăźă¸ă§ăłă§ĺ ĽăŁăăżăăăŞăă§ăăăăŞăăăăăă§ăăăăâŚâŚ
- #29 é˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚćąăă¨ăăŽćšéăŻăé˘ć°ĺč¨čŞăŽä¸ă§ăĺ¤ćăăăăăŚăăžăăăă¨ăă°SchemeăJavaScriptăŽăăăŞč¨čŞă ă¨ăé˘ć°ĺăć¸ăă°ăăŽé˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚĺĺžă§ăăŚăĺźć°ă渥ăă°ăăŽé˘ć°ăĺźăšăă¨ăăăˇăłăăŤă§ä¸č˛Ťć§ăŽăăäťć§ăŤăŞăŁăŚăăžăăăăŁă˝ăCommonLispă ă¨é˘ć°ă¨ĺ¤ăŽĺĺ犺éăĺăăăŚăăŚăé˘ć°ăĺ¤ăŤăăăăăăăăŻĺ¤ăé˘ć°ă¨ăăŚĺźăłăăă¨ăăŻçšćŽăŞč¨ćłă使ăĺż čŚăăăăžăă ä¸čŹçăŤăĺŠäžżć§ăéčŚăăăă¨ăăă¨ăŤăźăŤăč¤éăŤăăĺż čŚăĺşăŚăăăăă§ăăScalaă§ăăĺĺ犺éăăĺăă§ăăé˘ć°ĺć¸ăăă ăă ă¨ĺ¤ă¨ăăŚćąăŁăŚăăăăŤ_ă¤ăăĺż čŚăăăŁăăăăăŽă¸ăăŻĺˇĽĺ¤ŤăŽăăŠăăăżăăă§ăă
- #30 é˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚĺĺžăăćšćłăŤă¤ăăŚăăĺ°ă芳ăăčŚăŚăżăžăă ăžăăŻScalaăŽäşäžăfooă¨ăăIntăă¨ăŁăŚStringăčżă1ĺźć°ăŽé˘ć°ăŤă¤ăăŚčăăŚăżăžăă ScalaăŤăăăŚăŻé˘ć°ă¨ĺ¤ăŽĺĺ犺éăŻĺä¸ă§ăăăf = fooăŽăăăŤăç´ćĽé˘ć°ĺăć¸ăăŚăScalaăŻĺ¤ă¨ăăŚćąăŁăŚăăăžăăă foo _ ăŽăăăŤăčĺĽĺăŽĺžăăŤă˘ăłăšăłăă¤ăăăă¨ă§ăăăŽé˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚĺĺžăăăă¨ăăćĺŽăă§ăăžăă ăžăăĺĽăŽé˘ć°ăŤfooă渥ăĺ ´ĺăŤă¤ăăŚăŻăĺĺăćĺŽăăă ăă§ăăăăžăă ĺżĺé˘ć°ăä˝ăĺ ´ĺăŻăăăŽăăăŤăăĄăăă˘ăăźă§ć¸ăăžăăScalaăŽé˘ć°ĺźăłĺşăăŤăăăŚăŻă1ĺźć°ăŽĺ ´ĺ丸ćŹĺź§ăŽăăăăŤćł˘ćŹĺź§ă使ăăžăăé˘ć°ă渥ăĺ ´ĺ波ćŹĺź§ă使ăăŽăć ŁçżăŤăŞăŁăŚăăăăă§ăă ăžăăă˘ăłăăźăšăłă˘ă使ăăă¨ă§ă珏ä¸ĺźć°ăŽtoStringăĺźăă çľćăă_.toStringă¨ć¸ăăŚäžżĺŠă¨ăăăŽăăăăžăă
- #31 RubyăŤăăăŚăŻăé˘ć°ăĺ¤ă¨ăăŚĺĺžăăĺ ´ĺăŻmethodăĄă˝ăăăŤĺŻžčąĄăŽĺĺă渥ăăŚăăĺż čŚăăăăžăăĺŽéăŽăłăźăă§ăŻăăžăăăăăăă¨ăŻăăă寞蹥ăĺźăłĺşăĺżĺé˘ć°ăä˝ăăąăźăšăŽăťăăä¸čŹçă ă¨ćăăžăăă é˘ć°ăĺăĺăé˘ć°ăć¸ăĺ ´ĺăé常ăŽăŞăă¸ă§ăŻăă¨ăăŚĺăĺăćšćłă¨ăăăăŻă¨ăăŚĺăĺăćšćłăăăăžăă ăăăăŻă¨ăăăŽăŻé˘ć°ĺźăłĺşăćăŤä¸ă¤ă ă渥ăăăłăźăăăăăŻăŽăă¨ă§ăĺźăłĺşăăŽĺžăŤćł˘ćŹĺź§ă§ăăăŁăĺ 厚ăĺżĺé˘ć°ă¨ăăŚć¸Ąăăžăăĺ¤ăăăăăŻă¨ăăŚć¸Ąăăăă¨ăăŻĺźć°ăŤ&ăă¤ăăžăă
- #32 RubyăăăăŻĺźć°ăŽçšĺž´ă¨ăăŚăé˘ć°äťĽĺ¤ăŽĺ¤ă渥ăăăă¨ăćăăăăžăă ăăŽăłăźăăŻć°ĺ¤ăŽé ĺăćĺĺăŽé ĺăŤăăăăăŚăăžăăăăăă§mapăŽĺźć°ă¨ăăŚć¸ĄăăŚăă&:to_să¨ăăăŽăŻScalaă§č¨ăă¨ăăăŽ_.toStringç¸ĺ˝ă§ăă RubyăŤăăăŚăŽăłăăłăŻScalaăŽăˇăłă°ăŤăŻăŞăźăç¸ĺ˝ă§ăSymbolăŞăăŠăŤăŤăŞăŁăŚăăžăă ăăŚăăˇăłăăŤăăăăăŻă¨ăăŚä¸ăăă¨ä˝ă辡ăăăă§ăăăăĺŽăŻRubyă§ăŻăăăăăŻă¨ăăŚć¸Ąăăĺ¤ăŤĺŻžăăŚto_procăĄă˝ăăăĺźăă§ăăăŽçľćă使ç¨ăăžăăSymbolăŽto_procăŻăăĺźć°ăä¸ă¤ă¨ăŁăŚăăăŽăŞăă¸ă§ăŻăăŤĺŻžăăŚčŞĺă¨ĺĺăŽăĄă˝ăăăĺźăśăă¨ăăé˘ć°ăčżăăăăŤĺŽçžŠăăăŚăăăăăăăŽăăăŞăă¨ăĺŻč˝ăŤăŞăŁăŚăžăăăĄăăŁă¨ăăăăŤăăă§ăăă:to_să¨ăăSymbolăto_procăăă¨ăĺźć°ăŽto_procăĺźăśăăăŞé˘ć°ăçćăăăă¨ăăăă¨ă§ăăă
- #33 揥ăŤăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăŤă¤ăăŚčŚăŚăżăžăă RubyăŽĺ ´ĺăŻéŁćłé ĺă¨é ĺăŽăŞăăŠăŤăăăăžăă ăăŁă˝ăăScalaăŽĺ ´ĺăŻTupleăŽăŞăăŠăŤăăăăžăă ćĺScalaăŤĺ ĽăŁăćăŻăăăăä¸ćč°ă§ăăăăă使ăăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăŤăŞăăŠăŤăç¨ćăăăŚăŞăăŚăSeq()ă¨ăMap()ă¨ăć¸ăăŞăăăăăŞăăŽăŻăŞăă§ă ăăă¨ă
- #34 ăăă§ScalaăŽć¨ćşăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăčŚăŚăżăžăăăăĺ¤ăĺćă§ăăTraversableĺăĺ ăŤăŞăŁăŚăä¸ĺ¤ă¨ĺŻĺ¤ăăăăăŤç¨éĺĽăŽç´°ĺĺăăăăăźăżć§é ăćşĺăăăŚăăžăă ăăŚăäťĺşŚăŻRubyăŽăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăčŚăŚăżăžăăăă 寞ĺżé˘äżăŻăăăŞăăăă§ăă ăăTupleăŻArrayă§äťŁç¨ăăăžăă ScalaăŤTuple䝼ĺ¤ăŽăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăŞăăŠăŤăăŞăăŽăŻăć¨ćşçăŤä˝żăăăĺŻä¸ăŽé ĺĺăăăăˇăĽĺă¨ăăăŽăăŞăăăăŞăă§ăăăăă
- #35 RubyăŽăŠă¤ăăŠăŞč¨č¨ăŤă¤ăăŚăăč¨ăăăăŽăăă大ăŻăŠăšä¸ťçžŠăă§ăăArrayăŻăŠăšăŻăšăżăăŻăŽăăăŞpush/popćä˝ăăăĽăźăŽăăăŞshift/popćä˝ăăăăăŻäťťćăŽä˝ç˝ŽăŤčŚç´ ăćżĺ Ľăăăăă¤ăłăăŻăšă§ă˘ăŻăťăšăăăĺćăăăă§ăăŚăăă¨ç°ăŞăĺăŽĺ¤ăĺ ĽăăŚăżăăŤçăŤă使ăăăŚăăžăăĺŽéăŽă¨ăăăRubyć¨ćşăŠă¤ăăŠăŞăŤăŻăšăżăăŻăăŞăłăŻăăŞăšăă¨ăăăŻăŠăšăŻăŞăăŚăĺ ¨é¨ă˘ăŹă¤ă§ć¸ăžăăă¨ăŤăŞăŁăŚăăă ĺć§ăŤéŁćłé ĺăŤă¤ăăŚăăăĽăźăżăăŤăŞăăăˇăĽĺŽčŁ ăă˛ă¨ă¤ăăă ăă§ăăăźă¨ăăŞăĽăźăŽçľăżĺăăăĺż čŚăŞă¨ăăă§ăŻăŠăă§ăăăă使ăăăŚăăžăă
- #36 Rubyă¨ScalaăŽăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłč¨č¨ă§çšçăăšăăŻăĺĺ¤ćăŽĺéĄă§ăăRubyăŤăăăŚăŻĺ°ć°ăŽĺ¤§ăăăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăŻăŠăšăăăŞăăŽă§ăçšăŤč¤éăŞăă¨ăŻăăăžăăăăăăŚăăŽmapăĄă˝ăăăŻArrayăčżăăžăă
- #37 ăăăScalaăŤăŞăă¨čŠąăéăăžăăIteratorămapăăă¨IteratorăŤăŞăăăListămapăăă¨ListăčżăăžăămapăŽčżăĺ¤ăăłăŹăŻăˇă§ăłăă¨ăŤç°ăŞăă¨ăăă ăăŞăăăăă°ăŁăŚĺăŻăŠăšăă¨ăŤçšćŽĺăămapăć¸ăăŚăăăăăăăăžăăăăBitSetăŽä¸čşŤăIntăŤăăăăăă¨čżăĺ¤ăŻBitSetăStringăŤăăăăăă¨ăŞăă¨SortedSetăŤăŞăăžăă ScalaăŤăăăŚăŻăăăăăŽĺŚçăDRYăŤć¸ăă¤ă¤éçăŤéŠĺăŞĺăé¸ă°ăăăăăŤăCanBuildFromĺăŽimplicitĺźć°ă使ăăăŚăăžăă ăăŽăăŁăăămapăĄă˝ăăăŽăˇă°ăăăŁă垥茧ăă ăăăéçăŤč§Łćąşă§ăăăă¨ăŻćĽľĺéçăŤč§ŁćąşăăăăăŤăĺăŽĺăć大é使ăăă¨ăăăŽăčŚăŚĺăăžăă
- #38 ăăŚă揥ăŤć˘ĺăŻăŠăšăŽćĄĺźľăŤă¤ăăŚă§ăă ScalaăŤăăăŚăŻăimplicit conversionă§ăăăŻăŠăšăćĄĺźľăăĺĽăŽăŻăŠăšăŤĺ¤ćăăŚăĄă˝ăăăčż˝ĺ ăăăăăăăăŻć˘ĺăŻăŠăšăŽćĺăăľăăŻăŠăšĺă§ĺ¤ăăăŞăŠăă§ăăžăă
- #39 ăăăRubyăŽĺ ´ĺăŻĺçăŤăŻăŠăšăĺ¤ć´ă§ăăăŽă§ăScalaăăăăŞăéćżăŞăă¨ăĺşćĽăžăă ă§ăăăă¨ăŽä¸äžă¨ăăŚăŻăć˘ĺăŻăŠăšăŽăĄă˝ăăăĺĽăŽăăŽăŤĺˇŽăćżăăă¨ăăçšç°ăĄă˝ăăă¨ăăˇăłă°ăŤăăłăĄă˝ăăă¨ĺźă°ăăäťçľăżă§çšĺŽăŽăŞăă¸ă§ăŻăăŽăżăĄă˝ăăăä¸ć¸ăăăă¨ăăăă¨ăĺŻč˝ă§ăă ăžăăincludeă¨ăăćŠć§ă使ăăă¨ă§ăŻăŠăšăŽçśćżé˘äżăŤć°ăăăŻăŠăšă塎ăčžźăă ăăăăă¨ăă§ăăžăă ć˘ĺăŻăŠăšăăăăŞăă¤ăăăăŻăŤć¸ăćăăŚăăäşć ăăŞăăŞă¨ăăćăă§ăăăŠăćĺ¤ă¨ĺ¤§ä¸ĺ¤Ťă§ăăăŞăăăçšăŤRuby on Railsă使ăă¨ăćĺĺăć°ĺ¤ă¨ăăŁăć¨ćşĺăŤă大éăŽäžżĺŠăĄă˝ăăăčż˝ĺ ăăăăăăŚăă¤ăăăăŻăŞćăă§ăă ć˘ĺăŻăŠăšăć¸ăćăăăă¨ăŻă˘ăłăăźăăăăłă°ăŞăŠă¨ĺźă°ăăŚăăžăăăŠă¤ăăŠăŞăŤăă°ăĺşăĺ ´ĺăŤăĄă˝ăăć¸ăćăăŚéăăă¨ăăăăšăćă ăăăăźăŽăĄă˝ăăăŤĺˇŽăćżăăă¨ăă§ăăăŽă§ăŻăžăă¨ăăŞăäžżĺŠă§ăă ăă¨ărefinementsă¨ăăçšĺŽăŽăšăłăźăă ăăĄă˝ăăăŽć¸ăćăăćĺšăŤăăäťçľăżăćčżĺ Ľăăžăăă
- #40 ćĺžăŤăĺ¤ăĺĺ¨ăăŞăă¨ăăäşčąĄăăŠăćąăăăŤă¤ăăŚčŞŹćăăžăăScalaăŽĺ ´ĺăŻOptionă§ăăăRubyăŽĺ ´ĺăŻăżăăŞĺ¤§ĺĽ˝ăăăŤă使ăăžăăRubyăŤăăăŚăŻăăŤă¨ăăĺźăłćšăŞăă§ăăăăăŽĺ¤ăŻfalseă¨ĺăăăŚăifćăŤăăăŚăŻĺ˝ă¨ĺ¤ĺŽăăăžăăăŞăŽă§objănilă§ăŞăă¨ăă ăăĄă˝ăăăĺźăśăŤăŻifćăŽä¸ăŤobjăĺ Ľăăă ăăŞăŽă§ç°Ąĺă§ăăă ăăăăăăżăźăłăŻăăžăăŤăă使ăăŽă§ăRailsă§ä˝żăăăŚăćĄĺźľăŠă¤ăăŠăŞă§ăăActiveSupportă§ăŻtryăĄă˝ăăăĺ°ĺ ĽăăăžăăăĺźăłăăăĄă˝ăăĺă渥ăăă¨ă§ănilăŽĺ ´ĺăŻä˝ăăăăăăăăăŞăăŁăăăĄă˝ăăăĺŽéăŤĺźăśă¨ăăăă¤ă§ăăRubyă§ăŻăăăŞăăăăŞăŽă§ănilăŤĺŻžăăŚăĄă˝ăăăĺźăă§NoMethodErrorăŤăŞăäşäžăé ťçşăăŚăžăăăžăĺçč¨čŞă ă¨č˛ăăăăăăâŚâŚ ĺŽĺ ¨ć§ăŻă¨ăăăăScalaăăăˇăłăăŤăŤć¸ăăă¨ăăăĄăŞăăăŻăăăžăă
- #41 ă¨ăăăăă§ăScalaă¨ăŽćŻčźăéăăŚRubyč¨čŞăŽćŠč˝ăç´šäťăăŚăăăžăăă ăŞăă§ăĺçăŤč§ŁćąşăăRubyă¨ăłăłăă¤ăŤćăŤăăăč˛ă ăăScalaăăăćšăŻăăăăéăăă§ăăăŠăççŁć§ăéŤăăŚćĽ˝ăăăăă°ăŠăăłă°ăăăă¨ăăă¨ăăăŻäźźăŚăă¨ćăăžăďźďź äťćĽčŚăŚăăăăăŤăăăĺéĄă解湺ăăăăăŽćšćłăŻč¤ć°ăăŁăŚăăŠăăé¸ćăăăăč¨čŞăŽĺć§ăŤăŞăŁăŚăăžăăäťăŽč¨čŞăĺŚăśăă¨ăŤăăŁăŚč˛ă ăŞćšćłăçĽăăŽăŻăăăăăăŽă§ăăăăŞč¨čŞăăăăžăăăă