Frequent Item set Mining of Big Data for Social Media

Roshani Pardeshi.et.al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 9(Part-5), September.2016, pp.-18-25
www.ijera.com 18|P a g e
Frequent Item set Mining of Big Data for Social Media
Roshani Pardeshi,Prof. Madhu Nashipudimath
Pillai Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Panvel, India
Pillai Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Panvel, India
ABSTRACT
Big data is a term for massive data sets having large, more varied and complex structure with the difficulties of
storing, analyzing and visualizing for further processes or results. Bigdata includes data from email, documents,
pictures, audio, video files, and other sources that do not fit into a relational database. This unstructured data
brings enormous challenges to Bigdata.The process of research into massive amounts of data to reveal hidden
patterns and secret correlations named as big data analytics. Therefore, big data implementations need to be
analyzed and executed as accurately as possible.
The proposed model structures the unstructured data from social media in a structured form so that data can be
queried efficiently by using Hadoop MapReduce framework. The Bigdata mining is essential in order to extract
value from massive amount of data. MapReduce is efficient method to deal with Big data than traditional
techniques.The proposed Linguistic string matching Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm and K-Means clustering
algorithm gives proper platform to extract value from massive amount of data and recommendation for
user.Linguistic matching techniques such as Knuth–Morris–Pratt string matching algorithm are very useful in
giving proper matching output to user query. The K-Means algorithm is one which works on clustering data
using vector space model. It can be an appropriate method to produce recommendation for user.
Index Terms: Big data, K-Means Clustering, Frequent Itemset Mining, Linguistic Matching, Recommendation
I. INTRODUCTION
Social media is widely used communication
media. Site such as Twitter, You tube, Facebook,
LinkedIn are frequently used by people [1]. It
includes unstructured data from email, documents,
pictures, audio, video files, and other sources. To
manage such massive unstructured data and construct
an efficient, user-friendly structured data, both
context and usage pattern of data items are used [2].
There has been an unprecedented increase in the
quantity and variety of data generated worldwide.
According to the IDC‟s Digital Universe study, the
world‟s information is doubling every two years and
is predicted to reach 40ZB by 2020. Such vast
datasets are commonly referred to as “Big Data” [3].
Big data
characterized by 3Vs: the extreme volume of
data, the wide variety of types of data and the velocity
at which the data must be must processed. Big data
doesn't refer to any specific quantity. Big data is a
term used when speaking about petabytes and
Exabyte‟s of data, which cannot be integrated easily.
Hadoop framework is used to deal with such massive
data. Hadoop works on MapReduce framework.
MapReduce developed by Google along with Hadoop
distributed file system is exploited to find out
frequent itemset from Big Data on large clusters.
MapReduce framework has two phases, Map phase
and Reduce phase. Map and reduce functions are used
for large parallel computations specified by users.
Map function takes chunk of data from HDFS in
(key, value) pair format and generates a set of (key‟,
value‟) intermediate (key, value) pairs [1].
Figure 1 : 3 vs of Big Data
Data mining is an essential technique to
extract information from large database. For
competitive business world it is very necessary to
search through this huge data to grasp useful
information. To identify the customer behavior, their
choices, to know there feedback for product etc. big
data has to be mined by using appropriate mining
methods. Frequent itemset mining is method to
identify the itemset which appear frequently in a
dataset [1].
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESSOPEN
ACCESS

Frequent Itemset Mining Methods
There are different frequent itemset mining methods
such as
 Association, correlation analysis,
 Sequential, Structural pattern.
 Classification.
 Clustering. etc.
Association, correlation analysisIt is an
important data mining model used to find the
interesting relationship between the data in the
database. It is mainly used for the Market basket
analysis to help improve the business activity.
Association rules are obtained using two main criteria
the support and the confidence. The support indicates
how frequently the items appear in the database.
Association mining discovers the relation of items in
same transaction [2].
Sequential, Structural Pattern It is to discover set
of frequent subsequence in a transactional database.
The sequential pattern mining is a very important
concept of data mining. In a sequential pattern
mining, events are linked with time. It discovers the
correlation between the different transactions.
Classification Classification is the process to predict
class of objects which do not have any class label. If
finds the data classes and concepts. It is based on the
analysis if sets of training data. Classification consists
of predicting a certain outcome based on a given
input. In order to predict the outcome, the algorithm
processes a training set containing a set of attributes
and the respective outcome, usually called goal or
prediction attribute. The algorithm tries to discover
relationships between the attributes that would make
it possible to predict the outcome.
ClusteringClustering is method of grouping similar
and related objects together. It is used to classify
unstructured and semi-structured dataset. It is
unsupervised learning technique. Clustering
algorithm are broadly classified into hierarchical,
partition and density based clustering. K-Means
clustering algorithm is one of the techniques to
provide structure to unstructured data.K-Means is
traditional and widely used partitioned clustering
algorithm. It has asymptotic running time with
respect to any variable of the problem [6].
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
The traditional data is in structured format so
it can be easily stored and queried. However
nowadays data is not in typical structured format. The
data uploaded on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube
etc. is completely unstructured. It is in format of
images, video, audio, documents which are
unstructured [3]. Traditional database cannot handle
this unstructured data. The data generated in huge
amount, with high velocity, and variety. Therefore it
termed as Big data. There are different data mining
technique‟s which are used to extract useful
information. Linguistic matching techniques are used
to give structure by identifying similarities between
elements [2]. It can be applied to different data
sources to avoid overlap.
Ashwin Kumar et.al [2] “Efficient
structuring of data in Big Data” discusses the
structuring of big data using linguistic matching. The
data is then clustered using Markov‟s clustering
algorithm. It uses techniques of string matching,
tokenization matching stemming to find similarity in
data items. Establishing the relationships or logical
mapping among elements from different data sources
is schema matching. Linguistic matching uses
element name or description to find matching. Graph
matching contains two algorithm such as fixed point
computation on similarity and probabilistic constraint
satisfaction algorithm. In constraint- based matching
the properties of element like uniqueness, data types,
value range etc. are considered. Proposes Markova‟s
clustering algorithm to cluster data from different
data sources. Data is analyzed for similarity between
the clusters.
Frequent Itemset mining is very essential
technique to extract useful information from Big data.
There are many algorithms present which describes
different methods to produce frequent itemset. But
existing algorithm cannot efficiently deal with Big
data [1]. Hadoop ecosystem is the solution for Big
data. It has two basic components MapReduce and
HDFS. The existing algorithms have challenges while
dealing with Big Data. MapReduce has Map,
Combine and Reduce functions which uses (key,
value) pair. Distance between sample point and
random centers are calculated for all points using map
function. Intermediate output values from map
function are combined using combiner function. All
samples are assigned to closest cluster using reduce
function. K means clustering algorithm extract
frequent itemset very fast, reduce execution time.
Prajeshachalia, Anjan K Koundinya and
Srinath N K [8] “MapReduce Design of K-Means
Clustering Algorithm” Describes the K-Means
algorithm for distributed environment using Hadoop.
Mapper and reducer is designed to implement K-
Means algorithm. Proposed method provides a system
which group the data together with similar
characteristics which reduces implementation cost.
Method can be improve to handling outlier.
MadjidKhalilian, Norwati Mustapha, et al.
[7] “A Novel K-Means Based Clustering Algorithm
for High Dimensional Data Sets”. Proposed method
of divide and conquer technique which improves the
performance of K-Means algorithm for high
dimensional dataset. Experiment results demonstrate
appropriate accuracy and speed up.
Objective of proposed framework is
combining relational definition of clustering space

and divide and conquer method has been describe to
overcome difficulties. Based on Proposed method
data stream processing can be improved. Data type is
another direction to examine proposed method. K-
Means has been used for second phase whereas it can
be improve with clustering algorithms.
Sisirkumar and anjan amehanta [4] “An
alternative technique of selecting the initial cluster
centers in the K-Means algorithm for better
clustering”.The problem with using randomly
selected initial centroids,is overcome Furthest-First
technique with K-Means. It produces better quality
clustering by lowering sum of squared errors.
Mugdha Jain and ChkradharVerma [6]
“Adapting K-Means for clustering in Big data”.
Proposed techniques describe an approximate
algorithm based on K-Means. It is a novel method for
big data analysis which is very fast, scalable and has
high accuracy. It overcomes the drawback of K-
Means of uncertain number of iterations by fixing the
number of iterations, without losing the precision.
R. C. Saritha and Dr. M. Usha Rani [15]
“Map Reduce Text Clustering Using Vector Space
Model” describes map reduce approach for clustering
the documents using vector space model. proposed is
efficient with the increase of text corpus.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Proposed model provides approach for
structuring and frequent itemset mining for big data.
There are different methods of frequent itemset
mining.Association, correlation analysis, Sequential,
Structural pattern, Classification, Clustering,
Regression analysis etc. Here we are using clustering
method for frequent itemset mining. Hadoop
Environment is used for structure the data by the help
of MapReduce framework. KMP string matching
algorithm and K-Means clustering algorithm together
can give better recommendation for user query.The
proposed model is given below figure 3.1
Figure 2: Proposed Architecture
Stages in the system
The proposed system consists of following.
A. Data collection
B. Hadoop Environment
C. Data Pre-processing
D. Analyzing context: Linguistic matching(KMP
string matching algorithm)
E. Recommendation : Frequent Itemset Mining (K-
Means Clustering)
A. Dataset
Data is collected from social media. Dataset
will be Movie Dataset of IMDB. IMDB Dataset is in
.txt file format. The dataset with 1682 movie data
containing total 24 attributes like Movie id,
Movie_name, Movie _release year, Movie_release
date, Movie_URl, and Other 19 are genre variable
represents presence of genre as 1 and absences of
genre as 0.Movies in the IMDB dataset are
categorized in genres as follows.
Table 1: List of Genre
Example 1|ToyStory (1995)| 01-Jan-
1995||http://us.imdb.com/M/title-
exact?Toy%20Story%20(1995)
|0|0|0|1|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0
Movie_id is 1
Movie_name is Toy Story
Movie_release Date is 01 –Jan-1995
Toy Story |0|0|0|1|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0key
provides genre information about the movie “Toy
Story” is categorized as Animation, Comedy, and
Children‟s.
A. Hadoop Environment
Hadoopis an open-source software
framework for distributed storage and distributed
processing of very large data sets on computer
clusters built from commodity hardware.The core of
Apache Hadoop consists of a storage part, known
as Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and a
processing part called MapReduce. Hadoop splits
files into large blocks and distributes them across
nodes in a cluster [13].
1.Unknow 6.Comedy 11.Film Noir 16. Sci-Fi
2.Action 7.Crime 12. Horror 17. Thriller
3.Adventure 8.Documentary 13.Musical 18. War
4. Animation 9. Drama 14.Mystry 19. Western
5. Children 10.Fantacy 15.Romance

HDFS is the primary distributed storage used by
Hadoop applications. Data is loaded into HDFS
System. A HDFS cluster primarily consists of a
NameNode that manages the file system metadata and
DataNodes that store the actual data.
B. Data Pre-processing
Data is further structured by using Map
Reduce framework. Input text file is tokenized in
different word tokens. After tokenizing unstructured
data, we create two modules which interfaced with
Hadoop.First module process the data for structuring
by using KMP algorithm. Second module check for
frequent itemset in dataset. Output from these two
modules is combined [2].
Read input string form text file and tokenize it.
Example
1413 | Street Fighter (1994) | 01-Jan-1994
1408 | Gordy (1995) | 01-Jan-1995
1406 | When Night Is Falling (1995) | 01-Jan-1995
Above lines can be tokenize as follows :
1413, Street Fighter, (1994) ,01-Jan-1994
1408, Gordy, (1995) ,01-Jan-1995
1406, When, Night, Is, Falling,(1995) ,01-Jan-1995
MapReduce Framework
MapReduce framework proposed by Google
is a processing and execution model for distributed
environment that runs on large clusters [1].
MapReduce with Hadoop distributed file system is
used to find out frequent itemset from Big Data on
large clusters.MapReduce framework has two phases
[1] [8].
 Map phase: Map phase takes data from HDFS
and generate (Key, Value) pair. Map function
collects all intermediate key - value pair and
passes it to reduce function.
 Reduce phase: Reduce function takes these
intermediate values through iterator and merge
it to produce (Key‟, Value‟). By Map Reduce
framework too large values can also fit in to
the memory.
Figure 3: MapReduce Framework [1]
Example
Map 1
1408, 1
Gordy, 1
(1995) , 1
01-Jan-1995 1
Map 2
1406, 1
When, 1
Night, 1
Is, 1
Falling , 1
(1995) , 1
01-Jan-1995 1
Reduce :: (key‟, list (value‟)) → (key‟‟, value‟‟)
Reducer
1408, 1
Gordy, 1
(1995) 2
01-Jan-1995 2
1406, 1
When, 1
Night, 1
Is, 1
Falling , 1
D. Analyzing context: Linguistic matching (KMP
string matching algorithm)
To give recommendation for user on the
basis of user query string matching algorithm is used.
We use Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithms to find out
the similarity of data items contextually.
The Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm searches
for matching pattern in dataset. It takes the pattern
entered by user, checks for sub-pattern matching in
pattern first and then it matches with the dataset. By
this KMP algorithm avoids unnecessary search and
avoid backtracking.
The worst case complexity of Knuth–
Morris–Pratt algorithm is O (n).
For proposed model the Knuth–Morris–Pratt
string matching algorithm produces recommendations
by matching movie names. If user searches for movie
“Star War” then recommendation should be movies
such as “Star War II”.
Knuth–Morris–Pratt string matching algorithm
 Detects String Similarities between elements
from different data sources.
 To get better recommendation for user.
 To find out the similarity of data items
Components of KMP
The prefix function, Π
Prefix function matches pattern against shift of
itself. The function avoids useless shifts of pattern
„p‟and avoids backtracking on string „S‟.

 Compute-Prefix-Function (Π)
1 m  length[p] //‟p‟ pattern to be matched
2 Π[1]  0
3 k  0
4 for q  2 to m
5 do while k > 0 and p[k+1] != p[q]
6 do k Π[k]
7 If p[k+1] = p[q]
8 then k  k +1
9 Π[q]  k
10 ReturnΠ
The KMP Matcher
The occurrence of pattern with prefix function in
string is calculated.
With string „S‟, pattern „p‟ and prefix function „Π‟ as
inputs, finds the occurrence of „p‟ in „S‟.
KMP-Matcher(S,p)
1 n  length[S]
2 m  length[p]
3 Π Compute-Prefix-Function(p)
4 q  0 //number
of characters matched
5 for i  1 to n //scan S
from left to right
6 do while q> 0 and p[q+1] != S[i]
7 do q Π[q] //next character
does not match
8 if p[q+1] = S[i]
9 then q  q + 1 //next character
matches
10 if q = m //is all of p
matched?
11 then print “Pattern occurs with shift” i – m
12 q Π[ q] // look for the next
match
Example
Input Pattern: velvet
 Computing Prefix
K 0 0 0 1 2 0
Q 2 3 4 5 6
Output: Blue Velvet (1986
Velvet Goldmine (1998)
Terminal Velocity (1994)
E. Recommendation: Frequent Itemset Mining (K-
Means Clustering)
Cluster is collection of data having similar
characteristics. For unstructured data, there is need to
analyzed to derive meaningful information. K-Means
clustering is technique which provides structure to
unstructured data [8]. Only structuring the data is not
efficient for big data, as volume of data is too big.
Therefor meaningful information extraction is very
important [2]. Various data mining techniques are
available for big data [1]. Clustering is technique we
are using here to mining frequent itemset.
The frequent itemset mining uses K-Means
algorithm which works to find similarity between
data items which are similar in some characteristics
[2]. K-Means is one of the most common and simple,
famous partition clustering algorithm [8][6].
K-MEANSCLUSTERING
K-Means is a common and well-known
clustering algorithm. K-Means works on MapReduce
routine. The input is given as <key,value> pair where
Key is the centroid of cluster and value is data object.
BasicallyK-Means clustering works as follow.
K-Means Clustering Algorithm
 Take k random values as cluster centers.
 Let each item belong to the cluster whose cluster
center it is closest to.
 For each of the k clusters, find a new cluster
center by taking the mean of its items.
 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the cluster centers are
stable.
In Hadoop, K-Means runs in mapper and reducer.
Centroid file with data items are the input to mapper.
The distance between centroid and data object is
evaluated using Euclidian distance measure.
Distance(i,j)
= (𝑥𝑖1 − 𝑥𝑗𝑖 )2 + (𝑥𝑖2 − 𝑥𝑗2)2 + (𝑥𝑖3 − 𝑥𝑗3)2 ….(1)
The data object with minimum distance will go in the
cluster of the centroid. Each remaining objects are
assigned to centroid by distance similarity score. New
mean is calculated for each cluster. Iterate through the
previous steps to find new cluster till no change occur
in cluster centroid.
For „n‟ objects to be assigned into „k‟ clusters, the
algorithm will have to perform a total of „nk‟ distance
computations. While the distance calculation between
any object and a cluster center can be performed in
parallel, each iteration will have to be performed
serially as the center changes will have to be
computed each time.
Algorithm for K-Means Mapper
Input: A set of objects X = {x1, x2,…..,xn},
1 2 3 4 5 6
P V E L V E T
Π 0 0 0 1 2 0

A Set of initial Centroids C = {c1, c2, ,ck}
Output: A output list which contains pairs of (Ci, xj)
Where 1 ≤ i ≤ k and 1 ≤j ≤ n
Steps:
1. M1←{x1, x2,………,xm}
2. current_centroids←C
3. distance (p, q) = 𝑝𝑖 − 𝑞𝑖
2
𝑡 𝑖∈𝐶 𝑠
(where pi, qi are is the coordinate of p and q
in dimension i)
for all xi ∈ M1 such that 1≤ i ≤m do
4. bestCentroid←null
minDist←∞
5. for all c ∈ current_centroids do
dist← distance (xi, c)
if (bestCentroid = null || dist<minDist)
then
minDist←dist
bestCentroid ← c
end if
end for
6. emit (bestCentroid, xi)
i+=1
end for
7. return Outputlist
Algorithm for Reducer
Input: (Key, Value), where key = bestCentroid and
Value= Objects assigned to the centroid by themapper
Output: (Key, Value), where key = oldCentroid and
value= newBestCentroid which is the new centroid
value calculated for that bestCentroid
Procedure
1. outputlist←outputlist from mappers
𝝑 ← { }
2. newCentroidList ← null
3. for all β outputlist do
centroid ←β.key
object ←β.value
[centroid] ← object
end for
4. for all centroid ∈𝝑 do
newCentroid, sumofObjects,
sumofObjects← null
for all object ∈𝝑 [centroid] do
sumofObjects += object
numofObjects += 1
end for
5. newCentroid ← (sumofObjects +numofObjects)
emit (centroid, newCentroid)
end for
end
For K-Means clustering algorithm, Input
given as Key, Value pair and number of cluster want
to be form as a four then four cluster are created at
first step and randomly it select four Movies from
input an place each in separate cluster and remaining
are assign to cluster on the basis of similarity and
calculate centroid of each cluster and redistribute
dataset on the basis of similarity to centroid this
process perform recursively till no change is occur.
Example
K-Means Mapper
Input: A set of objects X = {x1, x2,…..,xn},
A Set of initial Centroids C = {c1, c2, ,ck}
Let Centroid is Toy Story:
(0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
Distance between Points centroid and data item is
evaluated by Euclidian distance as follow.
Toy Story: (0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
Batman Forever: (0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
As given in equation (1) Distance is calculated.
Distance= (0 − 1)2 + (0 − 1)2 + (1 − 0)2 + (1 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2…..
= 2.2360
Home Alone (0, 0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)
Distance = (0 − 0)2 … + (1 − 0)2 + 1 − 1 2 + 1 − 1 2 … . .
= 1
True Romance (0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0)
Distance= (0 − 1)2 + 1 − 0 2 + 1 − 0 2 + (1 − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2 + (0 − 1)2…..
= 2.44
As result shows Distance of Centroid with the movies
are as follows
Movie Distance
Batman Forever 2.2360
Home Alone 1
True Romance 2.44
Table 2: Distance Measure
Distance of Movie Home Alone is minimum from
centroid therefore Home Alone will be placed in
cluster with centroid Toy Story.
bestCentroid for Home Alone is Toy Story.
minDist =1
For all centroid and all Objects it is iterated and
depending upon minimum distance the movie will
get placed in appropriate cluster.

Output will be (bestCentroid ,object)
K-Means Reducer
Input: (Key, Value), where key = bestCentroid and
Value= Objects assigned to the centroid by themapper
Output: (Key, Value), where key = oldCentroid and
value= newBestCentroid which is the new centroid
value calculated for that bestCentroid
Recommendation:
If user searches for movie with genre like animation ,
comedy as recommendation output should be
matching genre top five movies.
IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
WORK
Conclusion
The proposed model handles data context
analysis and frequent itemset mining to generate an
efficient structure for unstructured data in Big data.
Proposed method can minimize the difficulties faced
by the user of Big data. User would require to invest a
lot of time in studying the unstructured data. By using
Hadoop Map Reduce Framework, proposed method
tried to minimize the time required by user of Big
data to investigate the unstructured data. Proposed
approach is able to structure data which can make the
data more usable by the user and the recommendation
system gives appropriate recommendation to user
using K-Means algorithm. The proposed model can
find matching movies set using KMP string matching
algorithm. K-Means clustering algorithm on Map
Reduce framework is used for clustering the data,
which will help user to get better recommendation.
Future Work
As future work our approach can be expand
to meet other demands of big data such as velocity.
Various other attributes of movies can be used to
produce more accurate recommendation. Frequent
item set mining algorithm and map reduce framework
on stream of data which can be real time insight in
big data.
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Frequent Item set Mining of Big Data for Social Media

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