Integrated Science M2 The Human Circulatory System

Integrated Science
Module 2Module 2  Unit 4Unit 4  Lesson 3Lesson 3
BEGIN

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
Types of Circulation
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
The Lymphatic System
Why do humans need
a transport system?
OVERVIEW
In this slide presentation, you will explore various
aspects of how humans transport substances
through their body.
This slide set relates to the following
Integrated Science lesson:
Module 2: Unit 4: Lesson 3 – The Human Circulatory
System: The heart and blood vessels
You can access various subtopics in the Menu on
the LEFT of the slide.
For the activities, you will be asked to type your responses in
boxes. To do so, you must be Slide Show View. You can enter
and delete text only in Slide Show View.
2

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
OBJECTIVES
On completion, you should be able to:
1. recall the need for a transport system in humans.
2. state the main components of the human circulatory and
lymphatic systems.
3. describe the structure of the heart.
4. explain the heartbeat and relate it to the pulse.
5. name the major blood vessels associated with the heart
and the organs they serve.
6. describe the structure of different types of blood vessels
and relate the structure to their functions.
7. construct a flow chart of blood flow through the heart, the
pulmonary and the systemic circulation.
3

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Why do humans need a transport system?
Because of the numerous complex
physiological activities occurring within
each cell, humans have a wide variety of
materials that need to be transported
in/out of cells and around their body.
4

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
What needs to be transported?
Wastes: e.g. Carbon dioxide from cells to lungs
and urea to kidneys.
Hormones: e.g. insulin, adrenaline - from
endocrine glands to target organs.
Antibodies: to where needed to fight infections.
Blood proteins: to where needed.
Blood cells: to carry oxygen or carbon dioxide;
provide defense against germs; and to help with
clotting of blood at wound sites.
Nutrients: to all cells.
5

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Why do humans need a transport system?
Diffusion is adequate to supply the transport needs
of single-celled organisms like Amoeba, shown in
the diagram.
But … diffusion is effective only over short
distances and is relatively slow!
Humans need to take in O2,
nutrients from their
surroundings, to pass out
waste, e.g., CO2, urea into
their surroundings and
transport other substances
to various body cells.
6

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Why do humans need a Transport System?
• The interior cells of multicellular animals, like
humans, are too far from the body surface for us
to rely on diffusion to bring oxygen and nutrients
to body cells and remove metabolic waste.
• In other words, our surface area is too small in
relation to the large volume of our body for
diffusion to be effective.
A transport system thus becomesA transport system thus becomes
necessary!necessary!
7

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Transport System
• In humans, materials are transported
around the body by the circulatory or
cardiovascular system.
• It is a closed system, i.e., blood, the
transport medium, circles the body
within a network of blood vessels.
• It acts as a “pick up and delivery” system
for various substances.
8

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Components of the transport system are:
Look at the layout of these systems on the next slide.
9
THE HEART:
Pump made of
cardiac muscle.
BLOOD VESSELS:
Transport tubes = Arteries, Veins,
Capillaries, Arterioles, Venules
BLOOD:
Transport medium = Liquid plasma in which are solid,
formed elements (i.e. blood cells and platelets).
LYMPHATIC VESSELS:
Carry lymph = vessels, nodes & organs

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Layout of Circulatory (Left) and Lymphatic systems
10
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Image source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
The heart, located in your
chest, is tilted towards
the left side. It is
surrounded by the lungs
and protected by the rib
cage.
How big do you think your
heart is?
Clench your fists and look
at them. That’s the size of
your heart!
11

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
The exterior of the Human Heart
12
Left = Photo of a heart from a
64 year old man!
Use the diagram (Right) to identify parts of the man’s heart

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
Structure of the Human heart
The human heart is made of cardiac muscle and
has a mass of between 250 to 350 grams.
It is enclosed by a sac called the pericardium.
The heart is able to ‘beat’ i.e. contract and relax,
throughout life!
This action pumps blood continuously around
our body.
13

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
The heart is a double muscular pump that has
four sections or chambers.
The two chambers on the left are separated by a
thick, muscular wall or septum from the two
chambers on the right side.
Blood from the left side never mixes with blood
from the right side
 Each side has a small, upper atrium and a larger,
lower ventricle, that has a very thick muscular
wall.
14

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
Inside the heart
Open this website; click to get the Flash Version
without labels. Then click on the various parts to
get names and to learn about that part of the
human heart.
Also click to see the blood vessels that carry
blood to/from the heart at -
http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/coroanat.cfm
15
http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/Anatomy.cfm

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
Now, watch the video up to 1.59 at the link
below.
 Note how the atrium and then the ventricle
contracts.
 Also note the names and locations of the heart
valves and their function.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
From start – 1.59
16

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
QUICK QUIZ – Inside the Heart
Type your response to the question in the box below. You must be
in slide show to type text.
1. What are the names of the veins and arteries that carry blood
into/out of the heart?
17
Q1. Names of the veins and arteries that carry blood into/out of
the heart.
Into atria of the heart (veins):
Right side – venae cavae
Left side – pulmonary veins
Out of heart ventricles (arteries)
Right side - pulmonary arteries
Left side – aorta
Click forClick for
feedbackfeedback
Click forClick for
feedbackfeedback

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
Type your response to the question in the box below. You must be
in slide show to type text.
2.Name the four valves that are inside the heart.
18
Tricuspid valve: Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Bicuspid valve: Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve: Between right ventricle and
pulmonary trunk
Aortic semilunar valve: Between left ventricle and ascending aorta
Visit the following links for more information:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9380.htm
http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/valves.cfm
Click forClick for
feedbackfeedback
Click forClick for
feedbackfeedback

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
Fill in the blanks. Click the CHECK button for feedback.
1. The right ventricle pumps blood to the ________.
2. The left __________ pumps blood to the body.
3. The right atrium receives _____________ blood
from the ________ via ________ .
4. Both ____________ pump blood into arteries at the
same time.
5. The left atrium receives _____________ blood
from the __________ via veins.
19
CHECKCHECKCHECKCHECK

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
The Human Heart
Fill in the blanks.
1.The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
2.The left ventricle pumps blood to the body.
3.The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood
from the body via veins.
4.Both ventricles pump blood into arteries at the
same time.
5. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from
the lungs via veins.
20

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Your Heart beat
‘Lup-dub’ is the sound your heart makes as it
contracts and relaxes.
The first heart sound (lup) is caused by the
movement of blood and a vibration of the heart
at the time of the closure of the tricuspid and
mitral valves.
The second heart sound (dub) is caused by the
same movement of blood and vibrations at the
time of closure of the pulmonary and aortic
valves.
21
Want to hear a heart beating?
Open the video on the next slide.

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Your Heart beat
Listen to your heart beating!
Open the website below, click on ‘Pumping action’
and do the simulation to listen to the heart beat
and observe how it changes with physical activity.
22
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-bo

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Your Heart beat
Your heart-beat and your pulse
Each time your heart “beats” or contracts, it
pumps blood into arteries.
 As blood is pumped out of the heart the
pressure can be felt in arteries as a pulse.
 This rhythmic “pulse beat“ tells us the rate at
which our heart is beating
You can measure pulse/heart rate anywhere an
artery passes close to the skin.
23

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Look for the fine, red network seen in the ‘white’
of your classmate’s eye. What are they?
Click on the picture for feedback.
24
Did you say blood vessels?
If yes, you are correct!

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Click to find out about
types of blood vessels at
http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/upload/THI_Incr
 Look at how the path of
arteries (red) and veins
(blue) are similar!
25
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/images/art_vein.gif

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels and blood flow through the heart
Look at the main blood vessels going to/from the
heart by clicking on -
websitehttp://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anato
On the next slide, note the names of the major
blood vessels associated with the heart.
On slide 23,follow the path of blood into/out of
the heart via those blood vessels.
26

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Main Blood vessels associated with the heart
27
Organ Blood vessels carrying
blood to organ or
region
Blood vessels
carrying blood away
from organ or region
Heart Superior Vena cava
and
Inferior Vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Head Carotid arteries Jugular veins
Kidneys Renal arteries Renal vein
Liver Hepatic arteries Hepatic veins

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Activity: Blood flow through the heart
Watch/listen to the video from >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60
On the next slide, use the words
above the flow chart to
complete the flow of blood
into/through/out of the heart.
28

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Activity: Blood flow through the heart
Choose the correct phrases to type in the rectangles and arrows.
Aorta, Inferior Vena cava, Left atrium, Left ventricle, Mitral valve,
Pulmonary Arteries, Pulmonary valve, Pulmonary veins, Right
atrium, Right ventricle
29
Lungs
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
CHECKCHECKCHECKCHECK

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels - Feedback to Activity: Blood
flow through the heart
30
Right
atrium
Right
ventricle
LungsLeft
atrium
Left
ventricle
Aorta
Tricuspid
valve
Pulmonary valve
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Rest of the
body
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg
Mitral valveMitral valve PulmonaryPulmonary
veinsveins
Pulmonary arteries
Aortic valve

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Types of Blood Vessels
The structure of each type of vessel is related to
its function/s. Note the structure of blood vessels
at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ffSxq9iyB8&feature=related
/watch?v=HNuPWdfjDoc&feature=related
The relatively thick muscular and elastic layers
enable arteries to withstand the high pressure as
the heart forcibly pumps blood through them to
get to all body parts.
Pressure is high in arteries to move blood to all
body parts.
31

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Types of Blood Vessels
Movement of blood in veins is helped by
contractions of adjacent muscles and aided by
valves inside the veins.
Click the link to see how valves in veins work:
http://www.youtube.com
Capillaries are fine tubes that form a network
that comes into direct contact with body cells.
 The wall of a capillary is very thin allowing
diffusion into/out of blood to take place quite
easily. Watch the video at the following link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q530H1WxtOw&
32

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
How do Blood Vessels relate to each other?
What is the direction of blood flow through a
capillary network?
33

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Blood flow through the capillaries
Note that our blood does not come into direct
contact with the cells it supplies.
Interstitial fluid bathes the cells in the tissue
spaces and substances in it can enter the cells by
diffusion or by active transport; e.g. CO2 can
diffuse out of cells and into the interstitial fluid
and then into the blood in the capillaries.
So, it is the interstitial fluid that actually brings to
cells all of the needed materials and takes away
their waste products.
34

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Blood Vessels
Formation of Tissue fluid and Lymph
35

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
1. PULMONARY CIRCULATION:
The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the
lungs via Pulmonary arteries, then oxygenated
blood returns from the lungs to the heart via
Pulmonary veins.
Visit this website for more information:
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/journey/circulatio
Read about the other two circulations on the
next slide!
36

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
2. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION:
Oxygenated blood is pumped forcefully out
of the heart into the Aorta then via other
arteries to all parts of the body.
Deoxygenated blood collected from various
cells returns to the heart via the Venae cavae
to be pumped out to the lungs for
oxygenation
3. CORONARY CIRCULATION:
The heart itself has its own supply of blood
vessels which bring nutrients and oxygen to the
cardiac muscle cells and removes waste.
37

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Because of its arrangement and functions, the
Lymphatic system is considered a part of the
circulatory system.
Go to this website to find out more about the
Lymphatic system.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh-XdNnTZUo&feature=rela
(Lymphatic system.mov)
38

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Image Credit:TheEmirr via Wikipedia Commons. Source:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_lympha
The Lymphatic system
consists of lymph
vessels, nodes and
some specific organs
such as the thymus,
tonsils and spleen.
 Click and watch >
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEIV6c61kx4&feature=relate
39

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
Summary
Large animals need a transport system to allow
the exchange of substances between the
environment and the cells.
The components of this system are: the heart
which acts as a double pump; the various types
of blood vessels that each carry blood in specific
directions around the body, and blood, the
transport medium in which are suspended cells,
and dissolved substances.
40

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 1: Heart structure
Type the name of each part labeled A - M on the diagram. Click
CHECK for feedback. Discuss any incorrect labels with your teacher.
41
A – Pulmonary artery B – Pulmonary vein C – Left atrium D- Heart tendons
E- Left ventricle F- Descending aorta G – Aortic (semi-lunar) valve
H – Right ventricle I – Inferior Vena Cava J – Pulmonary (semi-lunar) valve
K – Right atrium L – Superior vena cava M – Aortic arch of the aorta

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 2: Heart structure and blood vessels
Answer questions 1 - 4 below in you notebook or in the box below.
1. Why are the left and right sides of the heart separated?
2. How is the pulmonary artery different from other arteries?
3. Do the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
4. Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
42
1. The left and right sides of the heart are separated to prevent
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
2. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood while other arteries
carry oxygenated blood.
3. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
heart.
4. The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it has to
contract forcefully to pump blood into the aorta to be distributed to
the body.

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 3: Your heart-beat and your pulse
 Try to locate your pulse and count the pulse rate/ minute.
 Ensure you use the correct fingers!
43

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 4: Heart rate
From what you have already learned about how your circulatory
system works and its relationships with other body systems, why
would your heart and pulse rate increase with exercise?
44
During exercise, the heart has to work/beat harder and more forcefully to
pump blood faster around the body in order to:
1.deliver oxygen to the working muscles because oxygen is
needed/involved in the respiratory activities that cause energy-release
from stored nutrients in muscles and other cells and
2.remove carbon dioxide and other cellular wastes from the muscle cells

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 5 – Question 1: Circulation
45
Look at the diagram on the
right. What numbers, in
correct order, show the path
of blood during:
a. Pulmonary circulation?
b. Systemic circulation?
Type your response to the question in the box below.
Click CHECK for feedback.
a. Pulmonary circulation =
1, 2, 3 and 4.
b. Systemic circulation =
5, 6, 7/8, 9/10,11.

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 5 - Question 2: Circulation
46
Look at the diagram on the right.
What is the main difference
between the blood at 10 and at
6?
The blood at 10 is being returned to the heart from the
cells of the lower body parts, so is deoxygenated and has
a high concentration of CO2 from their respiratory
activities. That blood might also have a lower
concentration of urea and nitrogenous wastes as it might
already have been filtered in the kidneys. The blood in 6
is strongly oxygenated.

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 5 - Question 3: Circulation
47
What is meant by “a double
circulation” of blood?
The passing of blood twice
through the heart as blood makes
one complete circuit around the
body.

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
ACTIVITY 6: Online Worksheet
Go to the website below, print a copy and
answer all questions on the Worksheet.
http://wikieducator.org/Circulatory_System_Worksheet
(Circulatory system Worksheet)
When you have completed the task, click here to
find answers.
http://wikieducator.org/Circulation_Worksheet_Answers
Now, try this worksheet.
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/circuln/heart.html
48

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
End of Activity
You have reached the end of the slide
presentation and activities.
If you wish to review any concept/s in this
lesson, go to the first slide and click on the
subtopic.
If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the
Close (X) button.
49

OBJECTIVES
The Human Transport
System
The Human Heart
Blood Vessels
ACTIVITIES
Your heart beat
Why do humans need
a transport system?
CREDITS
 http://wizznotes.com/biology/transport/introduction
 http://web1.caryacademy.org/facultywebs/joselyn_todd/AMTP/
anatomy_heart/anatomy_heart_media/anatomy_heart.mov
 websitehttp://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/torso.
cfm
 http://wiki.medpedia.com/Image:Circulatory_system.jpg?
filetimestamp=20080827184800
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Circulation_of_Blood_Through_
the_Heart.jpg
 http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-
human-body/human-body
50

Integrated Science M2 The Human Circulatory System

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