DBA to Data Scientist

DBA to Data Scientist with Oracle Big Data
Appliance

November 09, 2013

© Copyright 2013. Apps Associates LLC.

1

About Me
Satyendra Kumar Pasalapudi
Practice Manager – Apps Associates
Co-Founder & Vice President – All India Oracle Users Group
14+ Years of Experience in Oracle Technologies
Exadata Certified Professional

@pasalapudi

Content Courtesy oracle.com, hortonworks,couchbase,apache

2

Agenda
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What is Big Data
Big Data Growth
4 Phases of Big Data
NoSQL Databases
Hadoop Basics
Big Data Appliance
Skills Required for DBA Scientist


3

Big Data Growth


4

3 Macro Trends Driving Disruption


5

Gen X Stats


6

Big Data – High Data Varity & Velocity


7

Database Market Disruption
$30B Database Market Being Disrupted


8

How Did Big Data Evolve?
• More people interacting with data
• Smartphones
• Internet
• Greater volumes of data being generated (machine-to-machine
generation)
• Sensors
• General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)


9

What Is Big Data?
Big data is defined as voluminous unstructured data from many different
sources, such as:
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•
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•
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•
•

Social networks
Banking and financial services
E-commerce services
Web-centric services
Internet search indexes
Scientific searches
Document searches
Medical records
Weblogs

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Big Data
• Extremely large datasets that are hard to deal with using Relational
Databases
– Storage/Cost
– Search/Performance
– Analytics and Visualization

• Need for parallel processing on hundreds of machines
– ETL cannot complete within a reasonable time
– Beyond 24hrs – never catch up


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Characteristics of Big Data

Social Networks

Micro Blogs

RSS Feeds

Volume

Variety

Velocity

Value


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The Four Phases of Data Conversion

1

2
Acquire

3
Organize

4
Analyze


Decide

13

Operational vs. Analytical Databases


14

Growth is the New Reality
Instagram gained nearly 1 million users overnight when they expanded to
Android


15

Draw Something Viral Growth


16

How Do You Take This Growth?


17

Scaling Out RDBMS


18

RDBMS are Not Enough?


19

NoSQL Technology Scales Out


20

A New Technology


21

Use Cases


22

Relational vs. Documental Data Model

JSON or JavaScript Object Notation, is a text-based open standard designed for human-readable
data interchange. It is derived from the JavaScript scripting language for representing simple data
structures and associative arrays, called objects. Despite its relationship to JavaScript, it is languageindependent, with parsers available for many languages


23

Brewer's CAP Theorem


24

Brewer's CAP Theorem


25

NoSQL Technology Spectrum


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Operational vs. Analytical Databases


27

Hadoop Design Principles
• System shall manage and heal itself
– Automatically and transparently route around failure
– Speculatively execute redundant tasks if certain nodes are detected to be
slow

• Performance shall scale linearly
– Proportional change in capacity with resource change

• Compute should move to data
– Lower latency, lower bandwidth

• Simple core, modular and extensible


28

Hadoop Intro
• At Google MapReduce operation are run on a special file system called
Google File System (GFS) that is highly optimized for this purpose.
• GFS is not open source.
• Doug Cutting and others at Yahoo! reverse engineered the GFS and called
it Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).
• The software framework that supports HDFS, MapReduce and other
related entities is called the project Hadoop or simply Hadoop.
• Projects Nutch and Lucene were started with “search” as the application
in mind;


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Hadoop Intro
• Hadoop Distributed file system and mapreduce were found to have
applications beyond search.
• HDFS and MapReduce were moved out of Nutch as a sub-project of
Lucene and later promoted into a apache project Hadoop


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Hadoop History
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•

Dec 2004 – Google GFS paper published
July 2005 – Nutch uses MapReduce
Feb 2006 – Starts as a Lucene subproject
Apr 2007 – Yahoo! on 1000-node cluster
Jan 2008 – An Apache Top Level Project
Jul 2008 – A 4000 node test cluster
May 2009 – Hadoop sorts Petabyte in 17 hours


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What & Where is Hadoop Used For?
Search
• Yahoo, Amazon, Zvents

Log Processing
• Facebook, Yahoo, ContextWeb. Joost, Last.fm

Recommendation Systems
• Facebook

Data Warehouse
• Facebook, AOL

Video and Image Analysis
• New York Times, Eyealike

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What & Where is Hadoop Used For?
Amazon.com, Ancestry.com, Akamai, American Airlines, AOL, Apple, AVG ,
eBay, Electronic Arts, Hortonworks, Federal Reserve Board of Governors,
Foursquare, Fox Interactive Media, Google, HewlettPackard, IBM,
ImageShack, ISI, InMobi, Intuit, Joost, Last.fm, LinkedIn, Microsoft, NetApp,
Netflix, Ooyala, Riot Games, Spotify, Qualtrics, The New York Times, SAP
AG, SAS Institute, StumbleUpon, Twitter, Yodlee


33

Hadoop Ecosystem
Client Access

Data Access

Data Mining

Orchestration

Hue
Hive(Sql)
Pig(Pl/Sql)

Sqoop
Flume

Mahout

Oozie

MapReduce (Job Scheduling/Execution System)

HBase (key-value store)

(Streaming/Pipes APIs)

HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)
Java Virtual Machine

OS – Redhat, Suse, Ubuntu,Windows
Commodity Hardware

Chukwa (Monitoring)

ZooKeeper
(Coordination)

Networking

34

HBase
• HBase is an open source, non-relational, distributed database modeled after
Google's BigTable and is written in Java. It is developed as part of Apache
Software Foundation's Apache Hadoop project and runs on top of HDFS
(Hadoop Distributed File system), providing BigTable-like capabilities for
Hadoop. That is, it provides a fault-tolerant way of storing large quantities of
sparse data.
• HBase features compression, in-memory operation, and Bloom filters on a percolumn basis as outlined in the original BigTable paper. Tables in HBase can
serve as the input and output for MapReduce jobs run in Hadoop, and may be
accessed through the Java API but also through REST, Avro or Thrift gateway
APIs.

35

HBase
• HBase is not a direct replacement for a classic SQL database, although recently
its performance has improved, and it is now serving several data-driven
websites including Facebook's Messaging Platform.
• “Project's goal is the hosting of very large tables - billions of rows X millions of
columns - atop clusters of commodity hardware”
• Column-oriented and Random access, real time read/write
• “Random access performance on par with open source relational databases
such as MySQL”


36

PIG
• Compiled into a series of
MapReduce jobs
– Easier to program
– Optimization opportunities

• grunt> A = LOAD 'student'
USING PigStorage() AS
(name:chararray, age:int,
gpa:float);
• grunt> B = FOREACH A
GENERATE name;


37

Hive
Managing and querying
structured data
•
•
•
•
•
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MapReduce for execution
SQL like syntax
Extensible with types,
functions, scripts
Metadata stored in a RDBMS
(MySQL)
Joins, Group By, Nesting
Optimizer for number of
MapReduce required

hive> SELECT a.foo FROM invites
a WHERE a.ds='<DATE>‘;

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Sqoop
• It supports incremental loads of a
single table or a free form SQL
query as well as saved jobs which
can be run multiple times to
import updates made to a
database since the last import
• Imports can also be used to
populate tables in Hive or HBase

• Exports can be used to put data
from Hadoop into a relational
database


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Flume


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HDFS Architecture


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Namenode and Datanodes
• Master/slave architecture
• HDFS cluster consists of a single Namenode, a master server that manages
the file system namespace and regulates access to files by clients
• There are a number of DataNodes usually one per node in a cluster
• The DataNodes manage storage attached to the nodes that they run on
• HDFS exposes a file system namespace and allows user data to be stored in
files
• A file is split into one or more blocks and set of blocks are stored in
DataNodes
• DataNodes: serves read, write requests, performs block creation, deletion,
and replication upon instruction from Namenode

42

HDFS Architecture
43
Metadata ops

Metadata(Name, replicas..)
(/home/foo/data,6...)

Namenode

Client
Read

Block ops
Datanodes

Datanodes
replication

B
Blocks

Rack1

Write

Rack2

Client

43

Architecture Overview


44

HDFS Distributions


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Oracle Big Data Appliance: Introduction
Oracle Big Data Appliance: Introduction
• Oracle Big Data Appliance is an engineered system containing both hardware
and software components. Oracle Big Data Appliance delivers:
‒ A complete and optimized solution for big data
‒ Single-vendor support for both hardware and software
‒ An easy-to-deploy solution

‒ Tight integration with Oracle Database


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Hadoop 2.0


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Oracle Big Data Appliance: Where It Stands?
Data Variety
Unstructured

Big Data Appliance

Schema-less

Schema
Information

Acquire

Organize

Analyze


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Oracle Big Data: Software Components
Oracle Big Data Connectors

Oracle NoSQL
Database

Open Source R Distribution
Cloudera Manager & Cloudera’s Distribution
Including Apache Hadoop

Oracle Linux 5.6 and Java Hotspot VM

Oracle Big Data Appliance

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Oracle Big Data with Oracle Exadata


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Mapping the Phases with Software
Acquire Phase
– Hadoop Distributed File System
– Oracle NoSQL Database

Organize Phase
– Hadoop Software Framework
– Oracle Data Integrator

Analyze Phase
– R Statistical Programming Environment
– Oracle Data Warehouse


51

What Is a Key-Value Store?
• A KV Store is essentially a two-column table consisting of a key and a
value associated with the key
• The key acts as the index, and the value can be referenced as a look up


52

What Is Oracle Direct Connector for HDFS?
Oracle Direct Connector for HDFS (ODCH) is a connector which facilitates
read access from HDFS to Oracle Database using external tables.
• It uses the ORACLE_LOADER access driver

• It enables you to:
‒ Access big data without loading the data
‒ Access the data stored in HDFS files

‒ Access CSV (comma-separated values) files and Data Pump files generated by Oracle
Loader for Hadoop
‒ Load data extracted and transformed by Oracle Data Integrator


53

Analyze Phase
Statistical
Functions

Analyze

Database
+
Oracle R Enterprise

Data Mining
Algorithms
Query
Capabilities


54

What Is R?
R is an open source statistical programming language and environment, which
provides:
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•
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•
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An easy-to-use language
A powerful graphical environment for visualization
Several out-of-the-box statistical techniques
R packages
Several GUI front ends for analyzing data interactively

It was started in 1994 as an alternative to SAS, SPSS, and other
statistical environments.
R’s widespread use, breadth of functionality, and quality of implementation have
enabled it to establish itself as a new statistical software standard.

55

Oracle Big Data: Software Components
Oracle Big Data Connectors

Oracle NoSQL
Database

Open Source R Distribution
Cloudera Manager & Cloudera’s Distribution
Including Apache Hadoop

Oracle Linux 5.6 and Java Hotspot VM

Oracle Big Data Appliance

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Data Science

Source :http://wikibon.org/blog/role-of-the-data-scientist/

57

Data Scientist

Source :http://wikibon.org/blog/role-of-the-data-scientist/

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DBA to Data Scientist
Hadoop
HDFS
Map Reduce
NoSQL Database
Hive
Pig
OR
All the above with
Big Data Appliance

59

Oracle Big Data Solution
Decide
Oracle Real-Time
Decisions

Oracle Event
Processing

Apache
Flume

Oracle
GoldenGate

Stream

Endeca Information
Discovery

Cloudera
Hadoop

Oracle BI Foundation
Suite

Oracle
Database

Oracle Big Data
Connectors

Oracle
Advanced
Analytics

Oracle NoSQL
Database

Oracle R
Distribution

Oracle Data
Integrator

Oracle Spatial
& Graph

Acquire – Organize – Analyze

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Intelligence By Variety


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Connect with Us
Web: www.appsassociates.com
Email: satyendra.pasalapudi@appsassociates.com | satyendra.kumar@aioug.org

YouTube: www.youtube.com/user/AppsAssociates
LinkedIn: www.us.linkedin.com/company/apps-associates
Twitter: @AppsAssociates
Facebook: www.facebook.com/AppsAssociatesGlobal


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DBA to Data Scientist

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