Ch 1 tech in ed

Ch 1 tech in ed

• 1.
  Ch. 1 Educational Technologyin Context
• 2.
  The Big Picture (acognitive framework) 2700 BC The Abacus 1960s university classroom 1920s classroom Today
• 3.
  Perspectives on EducationalTechnology and Organizations that Rep Them Association for Education Communications and Technology (AECT) Ed Tech is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources. International Technology and Engineering Educators Association (ITEEA) Technology education is problem-based learning utilizing math, science and technology principles. International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Educational technology is the full range of digital hardware and software used to support teaching and learning across the curriculum. Ed technology historian Paul Saettler (1990) says definitions of ed tech always focused on more than just devices and materials. In 1970 it was defined as “the media born of the communication revolution which can be used for ed purposes,” and “a systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching.” So, both processes and tools.
• 4.
  • Grew fromAV movement in the late 1930s • Media such as slides and film are more effective than lectures and books. • Messages that control the learning process • Ed tech as delivery media • Originated with post-WWII military and industrial trainers • Used to prepare large numbers of people quickly • Based on efficiency and learning theories from ed psy • Planned, systematic, uniform • AKA technology education • Originated with industry trainers and vocational educators in 1980s • Believed goal of school is to prepare for work • Vocational training is practical means of teaching all content areas… caused shift from workshops to high tech stations in labs • Began in 1950s with advent of computers • In the 1990s educators began to see computers as part of instructional, support, and media resources
• 5.
  This book definesed tech as processes – learning theories in action and applications of technology that prepare students for jobs and tools – delivery media, instructional systems, and tech support that supports learning Ed Tech – Integrating Ed Tech – Instructional Tech – Yesterday’s technology Dr. Munson’s pencil Microcomputers – stand alone desktop computers of the 1970s Al Gore’s Internet - collection of computer networks with a common software standard World Wide Web 1993 - hypertext links
• 6.
  Pre-microcomputer era-1950s-1970s 1959 –First computer used with school children – the IBM 650 1970s – University time sharing systems. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) Universities developed instructional applications for use on the mainframe and CAI systems Computer-managed instruction (CMI) expensive and complex. Microcomputer Era 1977-1990s 1985 - Oregon Trail game in Elementary school 1989 – 1990s Internet Era – attracted teachers again to technology Virtual schooling – teachers and students separated by time and/or location but interact via computers. Mobile technology – the era of ubiquitous access. Data plans on cell phones, less printed texts, more digital reading, Internet Era 1993-1998 1993 WWW is born 1994 Internet use explodes in higher ed., then in k-12 1995 Virtual schooling 1998 ISTE
• 7.
  Mobile Technologies 2005-2010The era of ubiquitous access 2005 – Social Networking Facebook, etc 2007 – Kindle ebook reader 2008 – Partnership for 21st Century Skills 2010 – iPad Constant connectedness, Dr. G’s FOMO syndrome What have we learned from the past? Tools, Terms Hardware = equipment Software = programs Mobile devices = portable tech Storage media= flash drives, CDs, DVDs Cloud Computing = software stored on outside servers, online storage, Dropbox, etc.
• 8.
  6 Types ofCommonly Used Technology Hardware for Classrooms Microcomputers – desktops, laptops, tablets, netbooks Handheld Technologies – Smaller, multi-purpose devices, cellphones, ebooks, smart pens Display Technologies – whole class or large group demonstrations, used with “clickers” (student response systems) which poll students Imaging technologies – Visual, still photos to full motion video Peripherals – keyboards and mice, get information and requests into the computer, output devices like printers External Storage – Backups, large files Types of Software in Schools Instructional – demonstrations, examples, explanations…drill and practice, tutorials, simulations Productivity – Planning assistance, material development, communication, record keeping. E.g. Word, Xcel, Email, Administrative – school, state, district level admin uses to support record keeping, payroll
• 9.
  Social Issues – Qualityof life concerns, threat to personal privacy, spyware, radio frequency identification (RFID) tracking locations, health issues, ears, eyes Fear about Overuse – addiction, FOMO, multitasking Fear about misuse – sexting, i-dosing - sites that induce a state of ecstasy through music Risks of Social Networking – distraction, time consumption, cyberporn, 42% of users between ages of 10-17 have been exposed to porn, 2/3 of this exposure unintended. 2010 study said 1/3 of British children under the age of 10 had been exposed. Cyberbullying, harrassment Problems from malware, spam, etc. – malicious software, viruses, spyware, spam mail, phishing, zombies Educational Issues – Lack of funding - advocates for one-to-one computing want a computer for every student. Critics say funding for the arts is more important, the two are often in competition Teacher and student accountability for quality and progress – NCLB was the beginning of Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) Debate over best practices – conflict between old school teacher-directed methods and new school student-led, inquiry based methods. Reliance on Distant Ed – virtual k-12 courses, some states require them now
• 10.
  Cultural and EquityIssues- The Digital Divide - The power of technology is a two edged sword. Benefits and potential risks. Socioeconomic division between those with access, those without. Access and knowledge about how to take advantage of the technologies are two different things. Racial and gender equality – technology use remains dominated by males and certain ethnic groups. Related to STEM. More white males in STEM. Students with special needs – devices exist but are difficult to acquire, implement, or afford. Legal and Ethical Issues Hacking – firewalls, money spent cleaning up and preventing illegal activities Safety issues – Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) parents sign to acknowledge “appropriate use” and safeguards to student information Plagiarism and academic dishonesty – cybercheating. Blurred lines between what’s legal and illegal
• 11.
  Illegal downloads, piracy– software or media downloads without payment. Teachers tasked with modeling ethical behavior in the classroom. Today’s Ed Tech Skills: Standards and Assessments Standard Sets of Skills Focus on US: • NETS – National Educational Technology Standards, created by ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) • 21st Century Skills, created by P21 – The Partnership for 21st Century Skills Created for teachers, with world wide focus: • Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Competency Standards for Teachers • Created by United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) • ISTE NETS is the benchmark for standards in the US.
• 12.
  NETS NETS for studentsinclude skills students and teachers should have met, NETS for teachers goes beyond to teaching skills. On pg.22, graphic shows P21 student outcomes ICT Framework – • collaboration by UNESCO, ISTE, Intel, Cisco, and Microsoft • 3 levels of human capacity development • Technology literacy – • Knowledge deepening – • Knowledge creation UNESCO’s design includes standards for each level
• 13.
  Demonstrating Skills The Portfolio •Adobe Acrobat Professional - • Multimedia authoring software - • Databases - • Video - Why use technology? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnRJaHZH9lo
• 14.
  Hardware and Softwaredevelopment Trends Trend #1 – Ubiquitous mobile computing #2 – More sources of open content • More courses and educational materials that were previously proprietary are now free and available #3 – Increased ebook presence • costsaving, environmental appeal #4 – Augmented Reality systems (see video) • Information everywhere #5 – Gesture-based computing • control through movement, camera records movements and interprets as commands, e.g. Wii and iPad Trends in Educational Applications