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AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING EQUIPMENT
The document discusses different types of pumps used to transport liquids. It describes two main categories of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of liquid and forcing it into the discharge pipe. Common types include piston pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, and vane pumps. Rotodynamic pumps have a rotating impeller that increases the velocity of the liquid and discharges it through centrifugal force. The most common type is the centrifugal pump. The document provides detailed diagrams and explanations of how various pump types like axial piston pumps, bent axis pumps, swash plate pumps, and centrifugal pumps operate.
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AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING EQUIPMENT
- 1. M.Hossein.Taghibeygi Civil Aviation TechnologyCollege IRAN
- 2. AN INTRODUCTION TOPUMPING EQUIPMENT Principle And Operation
- 3. WHAT IS THEPUMP ? A hydrodynamic pump machine is a device for converting the energy held by mechanical energy into fluid Pumps enable a liquid to: 1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure. 2. Flow from a low level to a higher level. 3. Flow at a faster rate.
- 4. There are twomain categories of pump: Rotodynamic pumps Positive displacement pumps Diaphragm Piston ReciprocatingRotary Mixed flow Gear Lobe Vane Screw Axial flow Centrifugal Rotodynamic Positive displacement PUMP
- 5. Positive-displacement Pumps: A varietyof positive-displacement pumps are also available, generally consisting of a rotating member with a number of lobes that move in a close-fitting casing. The liquid is trapped in the spaces between the lobes and then discharged into a region of higher pressure. A common device of this type is the gear pump, which consists of a pair of meshing gears. The lobes in this case are the gear teeth . Rorodynamic Pumps: pumps that have a rotating impeller, also known as a blade, that is immersed in the liquid. Liquid enters the pump near the axis of the impeller, and the rotating impeller sweeps the liquid out toward the ends of the impeller blades at high pressure . For low flows and high pressures, the action of the impeller is largely radial.
- 6. Piston pumps Axial PistonPump Radial Piston Pump Swash Plate Pump Bent Axis Pump Reciprocating
- 7. Axial piston pump theseconsists of a number of pistons which are caused to reciprocate by the relative rotation of an inclined plate or by angling the piston block. Bent axis pump 1- Bent axis piston Pumps have a rotating cylinder containing parallel pistons arranged radially around the cylinder center line. 2- The pressure in the fluid causes the pistons to reciprocate over a stroke based on the relative angle of the shaft and cylinder. 3- The motion of the pistons results in the rotation of the shaft.
- 8. 4- The cylinderis driven by an shaft which is arranged at an angle to the cylinder axis. 5- The shaft includes a flange with a mechanical connection to each piston. 6- The greater the angle of the cylinders to the shaft axes the longer the pistons stroke and the less the rotation speed per unit fluid flow rate.
- 9. Typical displacementsto 500 cm3/r Typical pressures to 350 bar No through shaft option (multiple assemblies not possible) High overall efficiency Compact package. BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP
- 10. Swash plate Pump 1-Swash plate pumps have a rotating cylinder containing pistons. 2- A spring pushes the pistons against a stationary swash plate, which sits at an angle to the cylinder. 3- The pistons suck in fluid during half a revolution and push fluid out during the other half. 4- It contains two semi-circular ports. 5- These ports allow the pistons to draw in fluid as they move toward the swash plate (on the backside and not shown here) and discharge it as they move away.
- 11. 6- For agiven speed swash plate pumps can be of fixed displacement like this one, or variable by having a variable swash plate angle.
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- 28. Q Q = (No.of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed) VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - MAX FLOW
- 29. Q STROKE VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP- MAX FLOW Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
- 30. STROKE Q VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP- REDUCED FLOW Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
- 31. STROKE Q VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP- REDUCED FLOW Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
- 32. Q STROKE VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP- ZERO FLOW Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
- 33. STROKE VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP- ZERO FLOW Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
- 34. Displacements to750+ cm3/hr Pressure capabilities to 350/400 bar High noise level Sensitive to poor inlet conditions & contamination High overall efficiency Good life expectancy Large, bulky units Good fluid compatibility High cost. Variable AXIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
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- 36. Displacements to250 cm3/r Pressure capabilities to 350 bar Suitable for open & closed loop High overall efficiency Good life expectancy Short, wide shape Simple multiple pump assemblies High cost. RADIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
- 37. Operation Of DoubleActing Reciprocating Pump
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- 39. Rotary : GearPump
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- 44. Rotary : LobePump • Food applications, because they handle solids without damaging the pump. • Particle size pumped can be much larger in these pumps than in other PD types .
- 46. The operation ofthe vane pump is based on , the rotor which contain radial slots rotate by a shaft and rotate in cam ring (housing), each slot contain a vane design as to comes out from the slot as the rotor turns. During one half of the rotation the oil inters between the vane and the housing then this area starts to decrease in the second half which permit the pressure to be produced , then the oil comes out pressurizes to the output port. Vane pumps
- 47. Vane pumps Fixed Displacement Vanepump Variable Displacement Vane pump Balanced Vane pump Unbalanced Vane pump
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- 51. Typical displacementsto 200 cm3/r Typical pressures to 280 bar Fixed displacement only Provides prime mover soft-start Simple double assemblies Low noise Good serviceability. FIXED VANE PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
- 52. Advantage of balancedpump over unbalanced vane pump 1- it has bigger flow 2- it has bigger pressure 3- its life is bigger 4- constant volume displacement
- 53. Variable Displacement VanePump In variable displacement the discharge of pump can be changed by varying the eccentricity between rotor and pump cam-ring. As eccentricity increases pump discharge increases. With decrease in eccentricity discharge decreases and oil flow completely stop when rotor becomes concentric to pump cam ring.
- 54. VARIABLE VANE PUMPPRINCIPLE
- 55. VARIABLE VANE PUMPPRINCIPLE
- 56. VARIABLE VANE PUMPPRINCIPLE
- 57. Typical displacementsto 100 cm3/r Typical pressures to 160 bar Simple multiple assemblies Range of pump controls Low noise Low cost. VARIABLE VANE PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
- 58. Advantage of vanepump 1- low noise but higher than screw pump. 2- range of work from 500 – 1800 r.p.m 3- semi continuous flow 4- pressure of work between 50 – 80 bar 5-the vane motor must have spring backward to the vane to face the flow. Disadvantages of vane pump 1- Complex housing and many parts 2- Not suitable for high pressures 3- Not suitable for high viscosity
- 59. Rotary : ScrewPump
- 61. Centrifugal Pumps • Thismachine consists of an IMPELLER rotating within a case (diffuser) • Liquid directed into the center of the rotating impeller is picked up by the impeller’s vanes and accelerated to a higher velocity by the rotation of the impeller and discharged by centrifugal force into the case (diffuser).
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- 66. Radial flowAxial flow Mixedflow Three main categories of centrifugal pumps exist :
- 67. 1- Presence offoreign particles 2- Foams and bubbles 3- Overheating of oil 4- Wrong selection of oil. Factors Affecting Pump Performance : 1- Flow rate requirement 2- Operating speed 3- Pressure rating 4- Performance 5- Reliability 6- Maintenance 7- Cost and Noise 8- Fluid Type Major aspects in the selection of pumps :
- 68. Pumps Performance The performanceof a pump is a function of the existing clearance between the components and loses. Hence, the following terms are defined for the pump efficiency. Volumetric Efficiency: Mechanical Efficiency: Overall Efficiency T A V Q Q produceshouldpumprate-flowltheoretica pumpbyproducedrate-flowactual A T m T T pumptodeliveredtorqueactual pumpopratetorequiredtorqueltheoretica Vmo
- 69. Pumps Features Features Rating 12 3 Price Working in high temperature Maximum operating pressure Maintenance Controllability Accuracy G V P G V P P V G G V,P P V,G P V,G G= Gear pump V= Vane Pump P= Piston pump