ClassNotFoundException in embedded Jetty when using Module system

I use an embedded Jetty (11.0.13) server with Jersey (3.1.0) that provides a simple REST interface which returns JSON objects. The JSON objects are serialized using Jackson.

The setup works fine as long as I don´t use Java´s module system. But when I add the module-info.java file (see below), I get the following error as soon as I call the service.

WARNING: The following warnings have been detected: WARNING: Unknown HK2 failure detected:
MultiException stack 1 of 2
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: jakarta/xml/bind/annotation/XmlElement
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.module.jakarta.xmlbind.JakartaXmlBindAnnotationIntrospector.<init>(JakartaXmlBindAnnotationIntrospector.java:137)
    ...
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: jakarta.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520)
    ... 83 more
MultiException stack 2 of 2
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to perform operation: post construct on org.glassfish.jersey.jackson.internal.DefaultJacksonJaxbJsonProvider
    at org.jvnet.hk2.internal.ClazzCreator.create(ClazzCreator.java:429)
    at org.jvnet.hk2.internal.SystemDescriptor.create(SystemDescriptor.java:466)
    ...

To make it work, I have to add the JAX-B-API to the pom.xml and to the module-info.java. The error only occurs when using Java modules. When I simply delete the module-info.java file, everythink works fine even without the JAX-B dependency.

This is the point where I am really confused. Why do I need the JAX-B dependency when I use the module system, but not when I don´t use it? And why does the ClassNotFoundException even occur? Shouldn´t warn the module system about missing dependencies on startup?

I hope someone can explain that. It took me days to make it work.

This is the setup that produces the issue:

pom.xml

<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
            <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId>
            <version>11.0.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
            <artifactId>jetty-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>11.0.13</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-hk2</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Main.java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Server server = new Server(8080);
        server.setStopAtShutdown(true);
    
        ServletContextHandler context = new ServletContextHandler(server, "/");
        ServletHolder servletHolder = context.addServlet(ServletContainer.class, "/*");
        servletHolder.setInitParameter("jersey.config.server.provider.packages", "com.example.demo");
        servletHolder.setInitParameter("jersey.config.server.wadl.disableWadl", "true");
        
        server.start();
    }
}

DemoResource.java

@Path("/hello")
public class DemoResource {
    @GET
    @Produces("application/json")
    public HelloDto hello() {
        return new HelloDto("Hello, World!");
    }
    
    public record HelloDto(String value) {
        @JsonGetter("value")
        public String value() {
            return this.value;
        }
    }
}

module-info.java

module demo {
    requires org.eclipse.jetty.server;
    requires org.eclipse.jetty.servlet;
    requires jersey.container.servlet.core;
    requires jakarta.ws.rs;
    requires com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation;
}