A great library for these types of tests is Sinon. It can be used to "hook" existing functions and track how those functions get called.
For example:
const sinon = require('sinon');
const assert = require('assert');
// the function to test
function consoleOutput(param) {
var newParam = param * param;
console.log(newParam);
}
it('should log the correct value to console', () => {
// "spy" on `console.log()`
let spy = sinon.spy(console, 'log');
// call the function that needs to be tested
consoleOutput(5);
// assert that it was called with the correct value
assert(spy.calledWith(25));
// restore the original function
spy.restore();
});
The advantage of this is that you don't need to change the original function (which, in this case, isn't a big deal, but may not always be possible in larger projects).