I have declared an array char Buffer[100]="01 05 01 4A 63 41"; now the array looks like this
Buffer[0]='0'
Buffer[1]='1'
Buffer[2]=' '
Buffer[3]='0'
Buffer[4]='5'
i just want to convert these value to int `eg.:
Buffer[0]='0', Buffer[1]='1' to 0x01 (1)Buffer[0]='0', Buffer[1]='5' to 0x05 (5)atoi()cannot be used since it converts all the Buffer value as integer.
How to convert a particular space delimited value sub-string to an integer?
My first solution works only for integers, and the following one works also for hexadecimal numbers. I wrote down the function which converts string representation of a hexadec. number into a decimal number. Then, as suggested by Jochim Pileborg, I used strtok to parse the given Buffer array.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int hexToInt(char *tok)
{
int i,out=0, tens=1, digit;
for(i=strlen(tok)-1; i>=0; i--)
{
switch(tok[i])
{
case '0':
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7':
case '8':
case '9': digit=tok[i]-'0';
break;
case 'A': digit=10; break;
case 'B': digit=11; break;
case 'C': digit=12; break;
case 'D': digit=13; break;
case 'E': digit=14; break;
case 'F': digit=15; break;
}
out+=digit*tens;
tens*=16;
}
// printf("hex:%s int:%d ", tok, out);
return out;
}
int main()
{
char Buffer[100]="01 2A 10 15 20 25";
int intarr[100],current=0;
char *tok=malloc(20*sizeof(char));
tok=strtok(Buffer," ");
while(tok!=NULL)
{
intarr[current]=hexToInt(tok);
current++;
tok=strtok(NULL," ");
}
printf("\n");
}
digit = tok[i] - 'A'. It may be necessary to allow 'a' to 'f' too.You can treat Buffer as a string (which it is), and use e.g. strtok to "tokenize" the numbers on space boundary. Then use strtol to convert each "token" to a number.
But do note that strtok modifies the string, so if you don't want that you have to make a copy of the original Buffer and work on that copy.
Also note that as the numbers seems to be hexadecimal you can't use atoi because that function only parses decimal numbers. You have to use strtol which can handle any base from 2 to 36.
strtok() because strtol() conversion will stop when a non-digit character is encountered. You just need to index the array at a step of three characters, or by scanning for the next space delimiter (or nul).strtok_r() also modifies the string, it differs from strtok() in that it does not retain a static pointer to the current position - that is provided by the caller.Consider this:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char Buffer[100] = "01 05 01 4A 63 41" ;
const char* h = &Buffer[0] ;
int i ;
while( *h != 0 )
{
if( sscanf( h, "%2x", &i ) == 1 )
{
printf( "0x%02X (%d)\n", i, i ) ;
}
h += 3 ;
}
return 0;
}
The output from which is:
0x01 (1) 0x05 (5) 0x01 (1) 0x4A (74) 0x63 (99) 0x41 (65)
I have assumed that all the values are hexadecimal, all two digits, and all separated by a single space (or rather a single non-hex-difgit character), and that the array is nul terminated. If either of these conditions are not true, the code will need modification. For example if the values may be variable length, then the format specifiers need changing, and, you should increment h until a space or nul is found, and if a space is found, increment once more.
You could write similar code using strtol() instead of sscanf() for conversion, but atoi() is specific to decimal strings, so could not be used.
If you are uncomfortable with the pointer arithmetic, then by array indexing the equivalent is:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char Buffer[100] = "01 05 01 4A 63 41" ;
int c = 0 ;
int i ;
while( *h != 0 )
{
if( sscanf( &Buffer[c], "%2x", &i ) == 1 )
{
printf( "0x%02X (%d)\n", i, i ) ;
}
c += 3 ;
}
return 0;
}
and the strtol() version if you prefer:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char Buffer[100] = "01 05 01 4A 63 41" ;
const char* h = &Buffer[0] ;
while( *h != 0 )
{
int i = strtol( h, 0, 16 ) ;
printf( "0x%02X (%d)\n", i, i ) ;
h += 3 ;
}
return 0;
}
You can use sscanf for this, e.g.:
int intarr[6];
sscanf(Buffer,"%d %d %d %d %d %d",&intarr[0],&intarr[1],&intarr[2],&intarr[3],&intarr[4],&intarr[5]);
You can cast Buffer[i] to int. Then check its value, which will be in ASCII. 48->0 . . 57->9
You can even compare the char to its ASCII value without casting
int CharToDigit(char c)
{
if(c>=48 && c<=57) // or as suggested if(c>='0' && c <='9')
return (int)c - 48; // subtract the ascii of 0
return -1; // not digit
}
For digits from A to F you'll have to subtract 55 from uppercase letters (65-10, 65 is ascii of A)
Then loop through the chars in Buffer sending them to the function: CharToDigit(Buffer[i]) and check the returned int.
if c >= '0' && c <= '9' and `return c -'0' ;', then you also need to deal with 'A' to 'F' and possibly 'a' to 'f'.
atoi()won't work, but not for the reason you suggest. It stops conversion when a non-digit character is found, so it will not convert all ofBuffer; however it only convert decimal strings, and the 4A value suggests these values are to be interpreted as hexadecimal. You could do it withstrtol().