Structures and basic Operations in C Programming Language
1.
Structures
Structure is auser-defined data type that can be used to group items of
possibly different types into a single type.
● The struct keyword is used to define a structure. The items in the
structure are called its members and they can be of any valid data
type.
● Applications of structures involve creating data structures Linked
List and Tree. Structures are also used to represent real world
objects in a software like Students and Faculty in a college
management software.
#include <stdio.h>
// Defining a structure
struct A {
int x;
};
int main() {
// Creating a structure variable
struct A a;
// Initializing member
a.x = 11;
printf("%d", a.x);
return 0;
}
Basic Operations of Structure
1. Access Structure Members
2.
● To accessor modify members of a structure, we use the ( . ) dot
operator. This is applicable when we are using structure variables
directly.
● In the case where we have a pointer to the structure, we can also
use the arrow operator to access the members.
2. Initialize Structure Members
● Structure members cannot be initialized with the declaration. For
example, the following C program fails in the compilation.
#include <stdio.h>
// Defining a structure to represent a student
struct Student
{
char name[50];
int age;
float grade;
};
int main()
{
// Declaring and initializing a structure variable
struct Student s1 = {"Rahul", 20, 18.5};
// Designated Initializing another structure
struct Student s2 = {.age = 18, .name = "Vikas", .grade = 22};
// Accessing structure members
printf("%st%dt%.2fn", s1.name, s1.age, s1.grade);
printf("%st%dt%.2fn", s2.name, s2.age, s2.grade);
return 0;
}
![● To access or modify members of a structure, we use the ( . ) dot
operator. This is applicable when we are using structure variables
directly.
● In the case where we have a pointer to the structure, we can also
use the arrow operator to access the members.
2. Initialize Structure Members
● Structure members cannot be initialized with the declaration. For
example, the following C program fails in the compilation.
#include <stdio.h>
// Defining a structure to represent a student
struct Student
{
char name[50];
int age;
float grade;
};
int main()
{
// Declaring and initializing a structure variable
struct Student s1 = {"Rahul", 20, 18.5};
// Designated Initializing another structure
struct Student s2 = {.age = 18, .name = "Vikas", .grade = 22};
// Accessing structure members
printf("%st%dt%.2fn", s1.name, s1.age, s1.grade);
printf("%st%dt%.2fn", s2.name, s2.age, s2.grade);
return 0;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/structures-251103080945-c0e8af69/75/Structures-and-basic-Operations-in-C-Programming-Language-2-2048.jpg)
![● To access or modify members of a structure, we use the ( . ) dot
operator. This is applicable when we are using structure variables
directly.
● In the case where we have a pointer to the structure, we can also
use the arrow operator to access the members.
2. Initialize Structure Members
● Structure members cannot be initialized with the declaration. For
example, the following C program fails in the compilation.
#include <stdio.h>
// Defining a structure to represent a student
struct Student
{
char name[50];
int age;
float grade;
};
int main()
{
// Declaring and initializing a structure variable
struct Student s1 = {"Rahul", 20, 18.5};
// Designated Initializing another structure
struct Student s2 = {.age = 18, .name = "Vikas", .grade = 22};
// Accessing structure members
printf("%st%dt%.2fn", s1.name, s1.age, s1.grade);
printf("%st%dt%.2fn", s2.name, s2.age, s2.grade);
return 0;
}](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/structures-251103080945-c0e8af69/75/Structures-and-basic-Operations-in-C-Programming-Language-2-2048.jpg)
