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![Berners-Lee “ I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A ‘Semantic Web’, which should make this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The ‘intelligent agents’ people have touted for ages will finally materialize.” – Tim Berners-Lee, 1999](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/leeiverson-1214579603913834-9/75/Lee-Iverson-How-does-the-web-connect-content-11-2048.jpg)
![Berners-Lee “ I have a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A ‘Semantic Web’, which should make this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The ‘intelligent agents’ people have touted for ages will finally materialize.” – Tim Berners-Lee, 1999](https://crownmelresort.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/leeiverson-1214579603913834-9/75/Lee-Iverson-How-does-the-web-connect-content-11-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMuseums Computer Group
Lee Iverson - How does the web connect content?
The document discusses how museums can better connect and share their data online by exposing their structured collection data through technologies like XML, RDF, and semantic standards. This will allow for aggregation of data across museums, new ways for users to access and reuse museum data, and more opportunities for machine-to-machine integration and connections between cultural heritage institutions. While the full vision of the "Semantic Web" may not yet be realized, making museum data available in open, structured, and standardized ways online can provide immediate benefits.
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Lee Iverson - How does the web connect content?
- 1. Semantic Pragmatics LeeIverson UK Museums and the Web
- 2. Connecting Museum MuseumUsers Users ??? ???
- 3. Why to connect?Referral Let users know about other museums Enhancement Improve information about your collection Personalization Improve relevance to each user …
- 4.
- 5. Becoming Connected Exposeown data Find other data Integrate Engage with users
- 6. Exposing Data Museumsmanage structured, authoritative data about collections but Museum web sites are dominated by presentation and control Results: Museum web data is hermetically sealed User experience is completely controlled
- 7. Exposing Data Giveit away as structured data Must decide private/public boundary Creative commons licensing Easy to do via web (hint: XML or RDF) Benefits: Aggregation possibilities Museum to museum links possible Consumers can repurpose data New uses means new customers
- 8. How? Add linksto structure from: Main page Individual pages Objects and exhibits Visible links? Meta links! (e.g. RSS) Standardize Which standards? Which vocabularies?
- 9. Standards Strategy Standard = agreement between min. 2 parties to do something in same way Pragmatics: Use existing standards as much as possible Never standardize more than minimum That which is necessary for essential functionality Never standardize vaporware Recognize defacto standards rather than create new ones
- 10. Is this theSemantic Web? Maybe Meaning vs. Presentation Machine vs. Human Maybe not Where is the meaning ? Where is the reasoning ?
- 11. Berners-Lee “ Ihave a dream for the Web [in which computers] become capable of analyzing all the data on the Web – the content, links, and transactions between people and computers. A ‘Semantic Web’, which should make this possible, has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our daily lives will be handled by machines talking to machines. The ‘intelligent agents’ people have touted for ages will finally materialize.” – Tim Berners-Lee, 1999
- 12. Syntax vs. SemanticsIn a certain sense structure and vocabulary is the semantics Semantics: Ability to interpret Repurposability Mirroring human interpretation
- 13. Finding Data Linkingto other museums and sites… Spider and scrape Tools: Calais? Unreliable, expensive, needs moderation Rely on structured data RSS or Atom You show me yours…?
- 14. Integration Relate yourcontent to theirs Relate structure Relate vocabulary Relate context It is possible! Reciprocal Research Network Straight from CMS http://rrnpilot.org
- 15. Data for IntegrationXML Information model One syntax Schema from structure Integration by structural integration RDF Data model A few syntaxes Schema from vocabulary Integration by reference
- 16. RDFa RDF inXHTML: Best of both worlds Microformat-like attributes on XHTML content Need to match XML structure to RDF classes Ordinary web pages can be “data web” pages
- 17. RDF Resource descriptionframework Metadata language Simple, unambiguous data model Model built on reference , so statements can be detached from their referents Foundation for: RSS – RDF Site Summary DAML+OIL and OWL ( Semantic Web )
- 18. RDF Model RDFdocument is set of statements Statement is triple : Subject – a URI reference Property – a URI reference Object – a value (may be URI) RDFS (RDF Schema) Restrict subject/object values based on property Property URI contains description of constraints
- 19. RDF Example @prefixdc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . <http://example.org/> dc:creator _:b . _:b foaf:name "Bob" . “ A person named Bob is the creator of http://example.org” http://example.org _:b dc:creator “ Bob” foaf:name
- 20. RDF Schema Example<rdf:Property rdf:about="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name" rdfs:label="name" rdfs:comment="A name for some thing."> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal"> </rdfs:range> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> </rdfs:isDefinedBy> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource= "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label"> </rdfs:subPropertyOf> </rdf:Property>
- 21. What About Semantics?DAML+OIL or OWL provide: Vocabulary of basic properties Mappings from these properties to formal semantics Language for defining new, semantically well-defined properties Language for expressing logical inferences that can be made within vocabulary
- 22. What is anOntology? Formal (but uninformative): “ A specification of a conceptualization” Informal “ A shared vocabulary designed to support the communication of the meaning of a certain class of resources” “ An attempt to make semantics of a body of knowledge more explicit” Technical: “ A vocabulary and logical inference statements expressed in a formal language (e.g. OWL) for describing a set of resources”
- 23. A Simple OntologyCat Dog Cheetah Species category-type category-type category-type Feline Canine Mammal kind-of kind-of kind-of kind-of kind-of disjoint disjoint disjoint hates
- 24. McBride’s 4 Stepsfor Widespread Adoption Promote practical applications Develop applications now Simple and tolerant of error Open source
- 25. Be Wary Berners-Lee’s“Semantic Web” doesn’t yet exist Nothing comes for free Landay’s AI completeness theory But… The data web is useful We can go there now!