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Introduction of cloud computing
Cloud computing refers to on-demand access to shared computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications and services via the internet. It offers benefits like scalability, cost savings and convenience. However, it also faces challenges like security concerns, vendor lock-in and lack of control. There are various cloud deployment models including public, private and hybrid clouds that differ based on who manages the infrastructure. Virtualization is a key technology that allows efficient utilization of physical resources and flexibility in cloud computing.
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Introduction of cloud computing
- 1. Cloud Computing Elective Suman Sharma Asst.Prof. IOE Pulchowk Campus suman.sharma@ioe.edu.np 1
- 2. Chapter Overview 1. Introduction 2.Cloud Service Models 3. Building Cloud Networks 4. Security in Cloud Computing • Cloud Computing: Implementation Management and Security, John W. Rittinghouse and James F. Ransome (Recommended for Unit 1, 2, 3 4) • Cloud Application architecture, George Reese (Recommended for Unit 4) • Cloud Computing for Dummies, Judith Hurwitz, Robin Bloor, Marcia Kaufman, Fern Halper(Recommended for Unit 3) • Handbook of cloud computing, Borko Furht, Armando Escalante (Recommended for Unit 1) • Cloud Computing and SOA Convergence in your Enterprise, a step by step guide, David S. Linthicum (Recommended for Unit 1, 2, 3) 2
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- 4. Introduction of CloudComputing • Defining the Cloud • The Emergence of Cloud Computing • Cloud-Based Services • Grid Computing or Cloud Computing • Components of Cloud Computing • Virtualization • Cloud Computing Deployment Models (Types): Public, Private, Hybrid, • Benefits of Using a Cloud Model • Legal Issues in Using Cloud Models • Characteristics of Cloud Computing • Evolution of Cloud Computing • Challenges for the Cloud computing • Grid Computing • Distributed Computing in Grid and Cloud. 4
- 5. Definition of CloudComputing • Cloud computing refers to logical computational resources accessible via a computer network. • Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Examples: Google cloud, Microsoft 365, Slack etc. 5
- 6. operations that wecan do using cloud computing: • Developing new applications and services • Storage, back up, and recovery of data • Hosting blogs and websites • Delivery of software on demand • Analysis of data • Streaming videos and audios 6
- 7. Why Cloud Computing? •Small as well as large IT companies, follow the traditional methods to provide the IT infrastructure. That means for any IT company, we need a Server Room that is the basic need of IT companies. 7
- 8. Characteristics of CloudComputing • Agility • High availability and reliability • High Scalability • Multi-Sharing • Device and Location Independence • Maintenance • Low Cost • Services in the pay-per-use mode 8
- 9. Advantages of CloudComputing 9
- 10. Disadvantages of CloudComputing • Internet Connectivity • Vendor lock-in • Limited Control • Security 10
- 11. History of CloudComputing • Before emerging the cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing which is basically a centralized storage in which all the software applications, all the data and all the controls are resided on the server side. • If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she need to connect to the server and then gain appropriate access, and then he/she can do his/her business. • Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers are networked together and share their resources when needed. 11
- 12. On the basisof above computing, there was emerged of cloud computing concepts that later implemented. • Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider in 1960s • At around in 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold like a utility, just like a water or electricity. • But of course time has passed and the technology caught that idea and after few years we mentioned that: • In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a simple website. The applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet, and this way the dream of computing sold as utility were true. 12
- 13. • In 2002,Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch of the Elastic Compute Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody existed. • In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications. • Microsoft launched Windows Azure, and companies like Oracle and HP have all joined the game. This proves that today, cloud computing has become mainstream. 13
- 14. Cloud Service Models: Thereare the following three types of cloud service models: 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) 3. Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Models Service Model Deployment Model • Public • Private • Hybrid • Community 14
- 15. Infrastructure as aService (IaaS) • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is also known as Hardware as a service (HaaS) Characteristics of IaaS • Resources are available as a service • Services are highly scalable • Dynamic and flexible • GUI and API-based access • Automated administrative tasks Advantages: • Cost • Website hosting • Security • Maintenance 15
- 16. Platform as aService (PaaS) PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and manage the applications. Characteristics of PaaS • Accessible to various users via the same development application. • Integrates with web services and databases. • Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down as per the organization's need. • Support multiple languages and frameworks. 16
- 17. Advantages: • Simplified Development •Lower risk • Prebuilt business functionality • Instant community • Scalability 17
- 18. Software as aService (SaaS): SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a software in which the applications are hosted by a cloud service provider. Users can access these applications with the help of internet connection and web browser. Characteristics of SaaS • Managed from a central location • Hosted on a remote server • Accessible over the internet • Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are applied automatically. • The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis 18
- 19. Advantages: • SaaS iseasy to buy • One to Many • Less hardware required for SaaS • Low maintenance required for SaaS • No special software or hardware versions required • Multi-device support • No client-side installation 19
- 20. IaaS Paas SaaS Itprovides a virtual data center to store information and create platforms for app development, testing, and deployment. It provides virtual platforms and tools to create, test, and deploy apps. It provides web software and apps to complete business tasks. It provides access to resources such as virtual machines, virtual storage, etc. It provides runtime environments and deployment tools for applications. It provides software as a service to the end-users. It is used by network architects. It is used by developers. It is used by end users. IaaS provides only Infrastructure. PaaS provides Infrastructure+Platform. SaaS provides Infrastructure +Platform +Software. 20 Comparison:
- 21. Evolution of CloudComputing 21
- 22. Evolution of CloudComputing
- 23. Distributed computing • Distributedcomputing is a model in which components of a software system are shared among multiple computers. • Even though the components are spread out across multiple computers, they are run as one system. This is done in order to improve efficiency and performance. • In a narrow form, distributed computing is limited to programs with components shared among computers within a limited geographic area. • Broader definitions, however, include shared tasks as well as program components. • In the broadest sense of the term, distributed computing just means that something is shared among multiple systems, which may also be in different locations. 23
- 24. • Hardware andsoftware architectures are used to maintain a distributed system. • Everything must be interconnected • CPUs via the network and processes via the communication system. Types of distributed systems • Distributed systems generally fall into one of four different basic architecture models: • Client-server • Three-tier • n-tier • Peer-to-peer 24
- 25. Grid Computing • Gridcomputing is also called as "distributed computing." • It links multiple computing resources (PC's, workstations, servers, and storage elements) together and provides a mechanism to access them. • The main advantages of grid computing are that it increases user productivity by providing transparent access to resources, and work can be completed more quickly. 25
- 26. Grid Computing VsCloud Computing 26 Cloud Computing Grid Computing Cloud Computing follows client-server computing architecture. Grid computing follows a distributed computing architecture. Scalability is high. Scalability is normal. Cloud Computing is more flexible than grid computing. Grid Computing is less flexible than cloud computing. Cloud operates as a centralized management system. Grid operates as a decentralized management system. In cloud computing, cloud servers are owned by infrastructure providers. In Grid computing, grids are owned and managed by the organization. Cloud computing uses services like Iaas, PaaS, and SaaS. Grid computing uses systems like distributed computing, distributed information, and distributed pervasive. Cloud Computing is Service-oriented. Grid Computing is Application-oriented. It is accessible through standard web protocols. It is accessible through grid middleware.
- 27. Distributed vs ParallelComputing • In parallel computing, all processors may have access to a shared memory to exchange information between processors. • In distributed computing, each processor has its own private memory (distributed memory). Information is exchanged by passing messages between the processors.
- 28. Distributed vs ParallelComputing
- 29. Components in CloudComputing • Clients • Datacenter • Distributed Servers 29
- 30. • Clients :End Users • Mobile : Mobile includes PDA, Smartphones, or any other portable devices which can access internet. • Thin Clients : Now thin computers are that do not have internal hard drives or very low internal configuration, but rather the server do all there work and then display the information. • Thick Client : Regular computers, Devices that has own capabilities to do some computing.
- 31. • Data Center •Now datacentre is collection of server where application to which you subscribe is housed, • it could be a large room in basement, or room full of server which you access through internet. • Distributed Severs • Server don't have to be housed in same location often server are in dispersed geographically location but to you the cloud subscriber, these server acts if they are humming right away next to each other. • This gives the service provider more flexibility in option and security.
- 32. Cloud Computing Architecture •As Cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations to store the information in cloud and access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet connection. • Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and event-driven architecture. • Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts: • Front End • Back End 32
- 33. 33 Front End The frontend is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and applications that are required to access the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile devices. Back End The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.
- 34. Virtualization • Virtualization isthe "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources". • In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers and organizations. It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded. • The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine 34
- 35. Types of Virtualization 1.Hardware Virtualization. 2. Operating system Virtualization. 3. Server Virtualization. 4. Storage Virtualization. 35
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- 38. Public Cloud 38 Public cloudis open to all to store and access information via the Internet using the pay- per-usage method. In public cloud, computing resources are managed and operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
- 39. Private Cloud 39 • Privatecloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. • It is used by organizations to build and manage their own data centers internally or by the third party. • It can be deployed using Opensource tools such as Openstack and Eucalyptus. • Based on the location and management, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) divide private cloud into the following two parts- •On-premise private cloud •Outsourced private cloud
- 40. Hybrid Cloud 40 • HybridCloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private cloud. Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud • Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running on the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while the services which are running on a private cloud can be accessed only by the organization's users. Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google Drive), Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web Services.
- 41. Community Cloud • Communitycloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of several organizations to share the information between the organization and a specific community. • It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of them. • Example: Health Care community cloud 41
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- 43. Cross Border LegalIssues • Cloud Cloud inherently being stateless and serves located in different locations and countries creates issues related to conflict of laws, applicable law and jurisdiction. • Cross-border data flow, potentially conflicting regulations, applicable regulations. Involvement of multiple parties • Cloud services usually involve multiple parties which makes onus and liability shift on one another. Liability and responsibility of sub-contractors is often limited or disclaimed in entirety. • Contractual private lacks between the parties which makes it difficult for the client to bind a provider for a breach. • Agreements should include liability of provider for acts of sub-contractor. • Right to conduct due diligence and to understand the model of delivery of services should be given to the customer. Cloud Computing: Legal issues and Challenges
- 44. Privacy and Security •Multi-tenant architecture • Data from different user are usually stored on a single virtual server • Multiple virtual servers run on a single physical server • Data security depends upon the integrity of the virtualization Service Level Agreements • Cloud services are usually provided on standard service level agreements which are usually non-negotiable. • Even if negotiation is not agreeable for SLA, higher degree of reporting should be integrated in the agreement. • Additional options for termination should be provided.
- 45. Audit Trail • Asdata is on continuous move and flow in the cloud services, client should have the right to know where and by whom its data is stored, accessed, transferred and altered. • Confirm whether the vendor provides the audit trails rights or not. Exit Issues • In case a user has to change provider in the future the options for portability and interoperability are critical issues to be considered. • In case of exit can the records be successfully accessed? • Can data be extracted from the cloud? • Obligations of each party in case of exit.
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- 47. Questions related tochapter 1 1. Explain the cloud computing model and its benefits. What are the challenges in cloud computing? 2. Explain the cloud deployment models. 3. What are the difference between public clouds and private clouds? 4. Explain platform-as-a-service and its challenges. 5. Describe about cloud based services. 6. How grid computing differs from cloud computing? 7. What do you mean by virtualization? What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing? 8. How can you define cloud service? Describe the characteristics of a cloud service. 9. Differentiate between each of the private, public and hybrid cloud models with suitable examples. 10. Explain the evolution of Cloud computing. 47