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Public Policy Formulation and Analysis
The document outlines the policy formulation process, emphasizing the roles of elected representatives and civil servants in creating effective socioeconomic policies. It discusses the key elements that constitute good policy, the stages of policy development, and influences such as societal needs and donor requirements. The presentation also identifies potential challenges in policy implementation and stresses the importance of monitoring and evaluation.
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Public Policy Formulation and Analysis
- 1. Shahid Hussain Raja IndependentConsultant-Public Policy www.shahidhussainraja.com 05/10/2015 1
- 2. Introduction Whatis policy Sources of policy formulation Policy formulation process Features of a good policy Policy formulation in developing countries-Pakistan’s Experience Conclusion 05/10/2015 2
- 3. Quality ofgovernance in a country is dependent on its capacity to effectively formulate and implement sound socioeconomic policies. Although policy formulation is the responsibility of the elected members, its implementation rests with the public servants. However civil servants also play a pivotal role in policy formulation as they prepare/vet the draft policy. This presentation explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps Its EBook version is available at Amazon at the following URL http://www.amazon.com/Public-Policy-Formulation-Analysis- Hussain-ebook/dp/B01672SU10/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8 05/10/2015 3
- 4. Formal documentedstatement of intentions and actions of an organization/authority either to remove certain deficiencies or to improve the conditions in any particular area “whatever governments choose to do or not to do” Thomas Dye (1987) “Purposive course of action or inaction undertaken by an actor or a set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern” Anderson (1994) 05/10/2015 4
- 5. Not arandom act, rather a deliberate action Approved by public representatives, applicable by state apparatus Not a piece of legislation but has its own sanctity Distinct from strategy to implement it It could be a part of an overall development policy i.e. National Development Strategy or it could be a specific departmental policy i.e. Food Security Policy 05/10/2015 5
- 6. Statement ofFacts-why need for this policy General Clauses- definitions of terms used Policy Directions-broad outlines of what to do Policy Measures-specific actions by whom Institutional Mechanism-responsible authorities Repeal Clauses-redundant clauses 05/10/2015 6
- 7. Societal structuralchanges-demographic transition, economic transformation, Regime change- new political elite may have new vision, mission and agenda for which Donors/world institutions-their aid may be contingent upon certain policy changes, structural changes Global commitments-state enters into international conventions which normally need local policy formulation Pressure groups-industrial ,agricultural lobbies, social causes advocacy groups can force state for this Court Orders-Superior courts orders for formulating clear policies or review an existing policy while hearing any case 05/10/2015 7
- 8. Initiation ofpolicy process Policy formulation Policy implementation Policy monitoring and evaluation 05/10/2015 8
- 9. PHASE- 1 Establishmentof a task force PHASE -2 Diagnosis of the situation PHASE-3 Production of a first/second draft of the policy PHASE- 4 Presented for endorsement. 05/10/2015 9
- 10. The concernedministry gets its approval from the competent authority, usually the minister in charge In case of multisectoral policy- the cabinet If it affects the provinces-Council of Common Interests (CCI) Once approved ,it is formally notified 05/10/2015 10
- 11. Once approved,the civil servants execute it Prepare strategy to implement it-procedures or programmes or both Correct interpretation is the essence of ethics Go for positives, empathy while interpreting it Remember every precedent is not to be followed 05/10/2015 11
- 12. Essential elementof policy cycle Effective in achieving the objective ? Take mid-term corrections where needed Periodic revision of the policy 05/10/2015 12
- 13. Legal/Constitutional Validity-noaction against law Internal Consistency- comprehensive, no contradiction External Consistency-no clash with other policies Technical Feasibility-proposed projects are practicable Resources Availability-adequate recourses ensured Financial Viability- proposed projects self financing Economic Benefits-if not self financing, then externalities Social Acceptance-not against social norms and values Political Commitment- fit within political culture Environmental Compliance-climate change etc 05/10/2015 13
- 14. Mixed Bag-goodpolicies also bad policies Procedural mismatch-mostly made by bureaucrats Institutional overstepping-foreign policy by army Structural flaws-contradictions, inconsistencies Evaluation failure-monitoring mid term or final Personality imprints-die with the champion person Global influences-too much influence of WB/IMF Implementation inadequacies-bureaucratic failure 05/10/2015 14
- 15. Thank youfor viewing the presentation If you liked it, kindly do express your opinion in the column below. Its detailed EBook version is available at Amazon Please download it at the following URL@US$ 2.99, http://www.amazon.com/Public-Policy- Formulation-Analysis-Hussain- ebook/dp/B01672SU10/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8 05/10/2015 15
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