Elements of design

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
Interior Designer
Mrs.

 HISTORY OF INTERIOR DESIGN
 In the past, interiors were put together instinctively as a
part of the process of building.The profession of interior
design has been a consequence of the development of
society and the complex architecture that has resulted from
the development of industrial processes. The pursuit of
effective use of space, user well-being and functional design
has contributed to the development of the contemporary
interior design profession.
 In ancient India, architects used to work as interior
designers. This can be seen from the references of
Vishwakarma the architect - one of the gods in Indian
mythology. Additionally, the sculptures depicting ancient
texts and events are seen in palaces built in 17th century
India

HISTORICAL EXAMPLE
Dining hall n prvious time Dining hall in now a days

7 TYPES OF ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
 Point
 Line
 Space
 Colour
 Texture
 Pattern
 Value

•POINT
 Upon entering any space, there are areas of
immediate interest
that the science of interior design recognizes as
focal points. Focal points
include anything that immediately, and often
unconsciously, captures the
viewer's attention and is interesting enough to
make them want to look further.

 LINES
 “A dot that moves” or “continuous mark”
 Describes a shape or outline.
 It can be: straight, curved, vertical, horizontal,
jagged, or dotted
Different types of lines have different
effects on design.

LINES
 Long and narrow
 Connects two points
 Leads the eye from
one point to another curved
horizontal
v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
diagonal

•VERTICAL LINE
 Lends dignity and formality
 Creates feelings of aspiration and ascension
 Vertical lines lead the eye up, adding height,
formality, and strength to a design.
 Can be seen in:
 Tall furniture
 Columns
 Pillars
 Striped wallpaper
 Long narrow draperies

Vertical lines can make rooms seem more
spacious than they actually are and ceilings
appear higher.

•HORIZONTAL LINES
 Horizontal lines lead the eye to the left or right,
suggesting informality and restfulness
Can be seen in:
 Long, low roofs
 Long, low furniture pieces such as sofas and
chests

HORIZONTAL LINE
 Restful
 Relaxing
 informal

•DIAGONAL LINES
 Diagonal lines suggest action, movement and
excitement
Can be seen in:
 Staircases
 Cathedral ceilings
 Gable Roofs

DIAGONAL LINE
 Active
 Suggests movement

•CURVED LINES
 Too many curved lines create a busy look
Can be seen in:
 Doorway arches
 Ruffled curtains
 Curved furniture
 Rounded accessories

CURVED LINE
 Upward – lifts and inspires
 Horizontal – relaxed, denotes gentleness and
femininity
 Downward – sadness and seriousness
 Small - playful

 SPACE
 The three dimensional expanse that a designer is
working with

The first element of space refers to the
actual building or room that the interior
designer can work with. This is the basic
structure of the room or building including
the walls, floors, ceiling, doors and windows
as well as the beams and columns that
support the structure.
Too little space can create a
feeling of being exposed.

TO HELP A SMALL AREA FEEL SPACIOUS
 Allow for large open areas and empty space
 Use mirrors
 Use small prints, patterns, and textures
 Use light, cool colors

•COLOR
 Reflected light
 Most important element
 Creates the most impact
 We’ll cover this in depth later
in the semester!

COLOR
Color
is considered the
most important
element of design.
Each color has three
characteristics:
hue, value, and
intensity.

COLOR.
Hue is the name of a color.
Red, green and blue-violet are examples of
hues.
A color may be lightened or darkened,
brightened or dulled, but the hue will remain
the same.

COLOR
Color schemes look best when one color dominates.
Dominate color should cover about two-thirds of the
room area.
An equal split between areas of dominate and
subordinate color is far less pleasing

COMPLEMENTARY ,COOL, WARM COLOR SCHEMES

•TEXTURE
 Texture is a
surface’s
tactile
quality.
 Tactile refers
to the
perception of
touch.

TEXTURE
 The surface quality of an object or item
 Tactile
 How the object feels to the touch
 Can feel the variation in the surface
 Visual
 An illusion - how the object appears to feel
 Applied using line, color, & shading

TEXTURE
 The surface quality
 A rock may be rough and jagged. A piece of silk may be soft
and smooth and your desk may feel hard and smooth. Texture
also refers to the way a picture is made to look rough or
smooth.
 In design, texture appeals to sight as well as touch.
‘’Words used to describe textures’’
 Ribbed
 Crinkled
 Rough
 Smooth

TEXTURE - SMOOTH
 Make colors appear lighter and brighter
 Generally considered more formal

TEXTURE - ROUGH
 Make color look darker and less intense
 Generally less formal

PATTERN
 Repetition of line, shape, form, texture and/or color
 Reflects the mood of the elements used
 Can be formal, informal, calm, playful.....

oVALUE
 Refers to the light and dark areas of a picture.
 Value creates depth within a picture making an
object look three dimensional (3D) with highlights
and cast shadows.
 Refers to the light and dark areas of an art work

CATEGORIES OF VALUE
 Tint is adding white to create lighter values such as
light blue or pink.
 • Shade is adding black to create dark values such
as dark blue or dark red.
 • Value Scale is a scale that shows the gradual
change in value from its lightest value, white to its
darkest value black.

Elements of design

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