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C++ L04-Array+String

The document discusses C++ arrays, including how to declare and initialize single-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, access array elements, and pass arrays to functions. It provides examples of declaring arrays of different data types, initializing arrays using aggregate initialization, and accessing elements within and outside of the declared bounds of the arrays. It also demonstrates some errors that can occur with array declarations and initialization.

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C++ Programming Language L05-Array+String Mohammad Shaker mohammadshaker.com @ZGTRShaker 2010, 11, 12, 13, 14
Arrays
Float, double, long double C++ data types Structured Simple Address Pointer Reference enum Floating Array Struct Union Class Char, Short, int, long, bool Integral
Arrays •Note: nth element in position n-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[5] A[6] A[7]
Arrays •Declaring arrays: #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [1000]; // means the positions are from 0 to 999 } A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[998] A[999]
Arrays •The array “variable” is the location of its first element in memory #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={4,5,56,6}; cout<<intArr<<endl; system("pause"); } 0045FD08 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={4,5,56,6}; cout<<intArr[0]<<endl; system("pause"); } 4 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = -1; for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = -1 A[1] = 2092808 A[2] = 5040544 A[3] = 0 A[4] = 1523006256 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[0] = 1; A[1] = 3; A[2] = 4; A[3] = 7; A[4] = 89; for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = 1 A[1] = 3 A[2] = 4 A[3] = 7 A[4] = 89 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[0] = 1; A[1] = 3; A[2] = 4; A[3] = 7; A[4] = 89; A[5] = 34; //!!!! for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = 1 A[1] = 3 A[2] = 4 A[3] = 7 A[4] = 89 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[0] = 1; A[1] = 3; A[2] = 4; A[3] = 7; A[4] = 89; A[5] = 45; A[6] = 23; for(inti = 0; i<7; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } c[0] = 1 c[1] = 3 c[2] = 4 c[3] = 7 c[4] = 89 c[5] = 5 c[6] = 23 And then a runtime error
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = -1; for(inti = 0; i<=10; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = -1 A[1] = 2092808 A[2] = 5040544 A[3] = 0 A[4] = 1523006256 A[5] = 5 A[6] = 2092672 A[7] = 7673537 A[8] = 5040544 A[9] = 2092736 A[10] = 1524674683 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 A[4] = 6 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = -1; i<=3; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i+1 << "] = "<< A[i+1] << endl; } } A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 A[4] = 6 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = -1; i<=3; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[-1] = 1637993160 A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = -1; i<4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[-1] = 1804389064 A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5], X[2]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = -1; X[0] = A[3]; X[1] = A[2]; for(inti = 0; i<2; i ++) { cout << "X["<< i << "] = "<< X[i] << endl; } } X[0] = 0 X[1] = 3011612 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {3,5,2,4,33};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 3 a[1] = 5 a[2] = 2 a[3] = 4 a[4] = 33 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {3,5,2};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 3 a[1] = 5 a[2] = 2 a[3] = 0 a[4] = 0 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {4};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 4 a[1] = 0 a[2] = 0 a[3] = 0 a[4] = 0 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {0};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 0 a[1] = 0 a[2] = 0 a[3] = 0 a[4] = 0 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[] = {32,34,12,23}; for(inti = 0; i<4; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 32 a[1] = 34 a[2] = 12 a[3] = 23 Press any key to continue
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[] = {32,34,12,23}; for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 32 a[1] = 34 a[2] = 12 a[3] = 23 a[4] = 434378978 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5]; for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { a[i] = i+2; } cout << "_______________________"<< endl; cout << "The output array is: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<5; i++) { cout << a[i] << endl; } } _______________________ The output array is: 2 3 4 5 6
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintArrSize = 4; voidmain(void) { inta[ArrSize]; for(inti = 0; i<ArrSize; i++) { a[i]=i*ArrSize; } cout << a[3]; } 12 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintArrSize = 4; voidmain(void) { ArrSize = 7; inta[ArrSize]; for(inti = 0; i<ArrSize; i++) { a[i]=i*ArrSize; } cout << a[3]; } Compiler error
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30}; cout << a[0] << endl; } 30 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intfoo = 4; floata[foo] = {30}; cout << a[0] << endl; } Compile error. Array length should be constant
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintfoo = 0; voidmain(void) { floata[foo] = {30}; cout << a[0] << endl; } Compiler error, can’t allocate any array of size Zero #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30., 32, 33.4, 23.0 }; cout << a[0] << endl; } 30 But with warning, Trunction from double to float
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intx = 44.; } Compile & Run But with warning for converting from doubleto int. Possible loss of data #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30., 32, 33.4, 23.0 }; intx[2] = {34,0}; a[x[1]]=3; for(inti = 0; i < 4; i++) cout << a[i] << endl; } 3 32 33.4 23 Press any key to continue
Multiple Subscripted Arrays
Multiple Subscripted Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[3][4];// 3 rows, 4 columns }
Multiple Subscripted Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[2,3]; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr [][]; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr [][3]; } Compiler error, missing subscript size Compiler error Should be [][] Compiler error, missing subscripts size
Multiple Subscripted Arrays 2 3 5 4 1 3 intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,1,3} }; // row#1 row#2 intArr[2][3] = { {2,3}, {4,1,3} }; // row#1 row#2 2 3 0 4 1 3 2 0 0 4 3 0 intArr[2][3] = { {2}, {4,3} };
Multiple Subscripted Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; cout << Arr[2][3] << endl; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; cout << Arr[1][2] << endl; } 246547657 Not a Compiler error, but the stored value in that location in memory 0
Passing Arrays to Functions
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30., 32, 33.4, 23.0 }; float x[2] = {34,0}; a[x[1]]=3; for(inti = 0; i < 4; i++) cout << a[i] << endl; } Compiler error. Index in not of an integral type #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(inta []) { cout << a[0] << endl; } voidmain(void) { intArr [] = {3,2}; PassingArr(Arr); } 3
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(inta []) { cout << a[0] << endl; } voidmain(void) { intArr [] = {3,2}; PassingArr(Arr); } 3 #include <iostream> using namespace::std; void PassingArrVal(inta[]) { a[0]+=2; } void main(void) { intArr[] = {3,2}; PassingArrVal(Arr); cout<< Arr[0] << endl; PassingArrVal(Arr); cout<< Arr[0] << endl; } 5 7 Passing arrays is always by reference
Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(constinta []) { cout << a[0] << endl; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2] = {1,3}; PassingArr(Arr); } 1 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(constinta []) { a[0]+=2; } voidmain(void) { int Arr [2]; PassingArr(Arr); cout << Arr[0] << endl; } Compiler error, can’t modify const arrays
Passing Arrays to Functions #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [2][3]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr); } 3
Passing Arrays to Functions #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [2][3]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr[2][3]); } Compiler error, [2][3] #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [][3]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr); } 3 No compiler error for missing the first subscript in the function’s prototype like single-scripted arrays
Passing Arrays to Functions #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [][]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr); } Compiler error, missing the second subscript in the function’s prototype
Passing Arrays to Functions Row #1 Row#2 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintRows = 2; constintColumns = 3; voidmain(void) { intArr[Rows][Columns]; } 5000 5006
Fundamentals of Strings
String data type •String –Sequence of Zero or more character –The position of the first character is 0 and not 1! –Length of the string is the number of characters in it. –Represented by enclosed with double quote marks " " –( we will see it later )
String data type #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain() { strings="Hello!"; cout<<s; system("pause"); } Compiler error! See how to deal with it later coutdeals with numbers (int, bool, char) only!
String as Array of Characters
Strings using Arrays •String: –It’s an array of characters •All strings end with null (‘0’) #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "Hello"; // null character implicitily added at the end charstr2 [] = {'H','e','l','l','o','0'}; // null character explicitily added }
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str1[i]) << endl; } cout << "------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str2[i]) << endl; } } 104 101 108 108 111 0 ------------ 104 101 108 108 111 0
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1[0]==str2[0])? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; } Yes! No! Coz we are comparing references, not values! Remember it’s an arrayof chars. Coz we are comparing values, not references!
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; cout << "n"; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str1[i]) << endl; } cout << "------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str2[i]) << endl; } } No! 104 101 108 108 111 0 ------------ 104 101 108 108 111 0 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; cout << "n"; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str1[i]) << endl; } cout << "------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str2[i]) << endl; } } No! 104 101 108 108 111 0 ------------ 104 101 108 108 111 0
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={0,1,1,12,34}; cout<<"The input string is: "<<intArr<<endl; system("pause"); } The input string is: 0043F958 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10] = “Mohammad”; cout<<"The input string is: "<<intArr<<endl; } The input string is: Mohammad Press any key to continue Only string array can be printed by calling it by its name. Other types of arrays will simply print their location in memory
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; cout << "n"; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << str1[i]; } cout << "n------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout <<str2[i]; } cout << endl; } No! hello ------------ hello #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1[0]==str2[0])? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; } Yes!
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1; cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1;// WeWe cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } WeWe sd The input string is: WeWe Press any key to continue ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee The input string is: ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee Press any key to continue but with runtime exception! Out of bound exception Stops at the first white space
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1; cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1;// WeWe cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } WeWe sd The input string is: WeWe Press any key to continue ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee The input string is: ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intstr1[10]; cin>>str1; cout<<"The input string is: "<<str1<<endl; system("pause"); } Compiler error (cin>>str1;), it’s not a char array! U can’t input it as a whole! #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={0,1,1,12,34}; cout<<"The input string is: "<<intArr<<endl; system("pause"); } The input string is: 0043F958 Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr"<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< Arr1[i] << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr"<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i] << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr; } Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]=Arr1[i]+2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]+=2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]+=2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]=+2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidStaticArr() { staticintArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< Arr1[i] << endl; } cout << "Arr after +2 to all elemets:"<<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]+=2) <<endl; } } voidmain(void) { StaticArr(); StaticArr(); } Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Arr: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=5 Arr1[1]=6 Arr1[2]=7 Press any key to continue
Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidStaticArr() { staticintArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << “Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< Arr1[i] << endl; } cout << “Arr after +2 to all elemets:"<<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]=+2) <<endl; } } voidmain(void) { StaticArr(); StaticArr(); } Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Arr: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Press any key to continue

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C++ L04-Array+String

  • 1.
    C++ Programming Language L05-Array+String Mohammad Shaker mohammadshaker.com @ZGTRShaker 2010, 11, 12, 13, 14
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Float, double, longdouble C++ data types Structured Simple Address Pointer Reference enum Floating Array Struct Union Class Char, Short, int, long, bool Integral
  • 4.
    Arrays •Note: nthelement in position n-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[5] A[6] A[7]
  • 5.
    Arrays •Declaring arrays: #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [1000]; // means the positions are from 0 to 999 } A[0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[998] A[999]
  • 6.
    Arrays •The array“variable” is the location of its first element in memory #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={4,5,56,6}; cout<<intArr<<endl; system("pause"); } 0045FD08 Press any key to continue
  • 7.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={4,5,56,6}; cout<<intArr[0]<<endl; system("pause"); } 4 Press any key to continue
  • 8.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = -1; for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = -1 A[1] = 2092808 A[2] = 5040544 A[3] = 0 A[4] = 1523006256 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[0] = 1; A[1] = 3; A[2] = 4; A[3] = 7; A[4] = 89; for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = 1 A[1] = 3 A[2] = 4 A[3] = 7 A[4] = 89 Press any key to continue
  • 9.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[0] = 1; A[1] = 3; A[2] = 4; A[3] = 7; A[4] = 89; A[5] = 34; //!!!! for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = 1 A[1] = 3 A[2] = 4 A[3] = 7 A[4] = 89 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[0] = 1; A[1] = 3; A[2] = 4; A[3] = 7; A[4] = 89; A[5] = 45; A[6] = 23; for(inti = 0; i<7; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } c[0] = 1 c[1] = 3 c[2] = 4 c[3] = 7 c[4] = 89 c[5] = 5 c[6] = 23 And then a runtime error
  • 10.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = -1; for(inti = 0; i<=10; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = -1 A[1] = 2092808 A[2] = 5040544 A[3] = 0 A[4] = 1523006256 A[5] = 5 A[6] = 2092672 A[7] = 7673537 A[8] = 5040544 A[9] = 2092736 A[10] = 1524674683 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = 0; i<=4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 A[4] = 6 Press any key to continue
  • 11.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = -1; i<=3; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i+1 << "] = "<< A[i+1] << endl; } } A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 A[4] = 6 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = -1; i<=3; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[-1] = 1637993160 A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 Press any key to continue
  • 12.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = 34; A[3] = 2; A[2] = 1; A[3+1] = 5; A[1] = 7; A[4] = 6; for(inti = -1; i<4; i ++) { cout << "A["<< i << "] = "<< A[i] << endl; } } A[-1] = 1804389064 A[0] = 34 A[1] = 7 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 2 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intA [5], X[2]; A[3] = 0; A[0] = -1; X[0] = A[3]; X[1] = A[2]; for(inti = 0; i<2; i ++) { cout << "X["<< i << "] = "<< X[i] << endl; } } X[0] = 0 X[1] = 3011612 Press any key to continue
  • 13.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {3,5,2,4,33};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 3 a[1] = 5 a[2] = 2 a[3] = 4 a[4] = 33 Press any key to continue
  • 14.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {3,5,2};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 3 a[1] = 5 a[2] = 2 a[3] = 0 a[4] = 0 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {4};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 4 a[1] = 0 a[2] = 0 a[3] = 0 a[4] = 0 Press any key to continue
  • 15.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5] = {0};// initializing for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 0 a[1] = 0 a[2] = 0 a[3] = 0 a[4] = 0 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[] = {32,34,12,23}; for(inti = 0; i<4; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 32 a[1] = 34 a[2] = 12 a[3] = 23 Press any key to continue
  • 16.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[] = {32,34,12,23}; for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { cout << "a["<< i << "] = "<< a[i] << endl; } } a[0] = 32 a[1] = 34 a[2] = 12 a[3] = 23 a[4] = 434378978 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { inta[5]; for(inti = 0; i<5; i ++) { a[i] = i+2; } cout << "_______________________"<< endl; cout << "The output array is: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<5; i++) { cout << a[i] << endl; } } _______________________ The output array is: 2 3 4 5 6
  • 17.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintArrSize = 4; voidmain(void) { inta[ArrSize]; for(inti = 0; i<ArrSize; i++) { a[i]=i*ArrSize; } cout << a[3]; } 12 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintArrSize = 4; voidmain(void) { ArrSize = 7; inta[ArrSize]; for(inti = 0; i<ArrSize; i++) { a[i]=i*ArrSize; } cout << a[3]; } Compiler error
  • 18.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30}; cout << a[0] << endl; } 30 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intfoo = 4; floata[foo] = {30}; cout << a[0] << endl; } Compile error. Array length should be constant
  • 19.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintfoo = 0; voidmain(void) { floata[foo] = {30}; cout << a[0] << endl; } Compiler error, can’t allocate any array of size Zero #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30., 32, 33.4, 23.0 }; cout << a[0] << endl; } 30 But with warning, Trunction from double to float
  • 20.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intx = 44.; } Compile & Run But with warning for converting from doubleto int. Possible loss of data #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30., 32, 33.4, 23.0 }; intx[2] = {34,0}; a[x[1]]=3; for(inti = 0; i < 4; i++) cout << a[i] << endl; } 3 32 33.4 23 Press any key to continue
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Multiple Subscripted Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[3][4];// 3 rows, 4 columns }
  • 23.
    Multiple Subscripted Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[2,3]; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr [][]; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr [][3]; } Compiler error, missing subscript size Compiler error Should be [][] Compiler error, missing subscripts size
  • 24.
    Multiple Subscripted Arrays 2 3 5 4 1 3 intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,1,3} }; // row#1 row#2 intArr[2][3] = { {2,3}, {4,1,3} }; // row#1 row#2 2 3 0 4 1 3 2 0 0 4 3 0 intArr[2][3] = { {2}, {4,3} };
  • 25.
    Multiple Subscripted Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; cout << Arr[2][3] << endl; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; cout << Arr[1][2] << endl; } 246547657 Not a Compiler error, but the stored value in that location in memory 0
  • 26.
  • 27.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { floata[4] = {30., 32, 33.4, 23.0 }; float x[2] = {34,0}; a[x[1]]=3; for(inti = 0; i < 4; i++) cout << a[i] << endl; } Compiler error. Index in not of an integral type #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(inta []) { cout << a[0] << endl; } voidmain(void) { intArr [] = {3,2}; PassingArr(Arr); } 3
  • 28.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(inta []) { cout << a[0] << endl; } voidmain(void) { intArr [] = {3,2}; PassingArr(Arr); } 3 #include <iostream> using namespace::std; void PassingArrVal(inta[]) { a[0]+=2; } void main(void) { intArr[] = {3,2}; PassingArrVal(Arr); cout<< Arr[0] << endl; PassingArrVal(Arr); cout<< Arr[0] << endl; } 5 7 Passing arrays is always by reference
  • 29.
    Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(constinta []) { cout << a[0] << endl; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2] = {1,3}; PassingArr(Arr); } 1 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidPassingArr(constinta []) { a[0]+=2; } voidmain(void) { int Arr [2]; PassingArr(Arr); cout << Arr[0] << endl; } Compiler error, can’t modify const arrays
  • 30.
    Passing Arrays toFunctions #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [2][3]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr); } 3
  • 31.
    Passing Arrays toFunctions #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [2][3]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr[2][3]); } Compiler error, [2][3] #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [][3]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr); } 3 No compiler error for missing the first subscript in the function’s prototype like single-scripted arrays
  • 32.
    Passing Arrays toFunctions #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidArrFun(intA [][]) { cout << A [1][1]; } voidmain(void) { intArr[2][3] = { {2,3,5}, {4,3} }; ArrFun(Arr); } Compiler error, missing the second subscript in the function’s prototype
  • 33.
    Passing Arrays toFunctions Row #1 Row#2 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; constintRows = 2; constintColumns = 3; voidmain(void) { intArr[Rows][Columns]; } 5000 5006
  • 34.
  • 35.
    String data type •String –Sequence of Zero or more character –The position of the first character is 0 and not 1! –Length of the string is the number of characters in it. –Represented by enclosed with double quote marks " " –( we will see it later )
  • 36.
    String data type #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain() { strings="Hello!"; cout<<s; system("pause"); } Compiler error! See how to deal with it later coutdeals with numbers (int, bool, char) only!
  • 37.
    String as Arrayof Characters
  • 38.
    Strings using Arrays •String: –It’s an array of characters •All strings end with null (‘0’) #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "Hello"; // null character implicitily added at the end charstr2 [] = {'H','e','l','l','o','0'}; // null character explicitily added }
  • 39.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str1[i]) << endl; } cout << "------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str2[i]) << endl; } } 104 101 108 108 111 0 ------------ 104 101 108 108 111 0
  • 40.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1[0]==str2[0])? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; } Yes! No! Coz we are comparing references, not values! Remember it’s an arrayof chars. Coz we are comparing values, not references!
  • 41.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; cout << "n"; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str1[i]) << endl; } cout << "------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str2[i]) << endl; } } No! 104 101 108 108 111 0 ------------ 104 101 108 108 111 0 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; cout << "n"; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str1[i]) << endl; } cout << "------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << int(str2[i]) << endl; } } No! 104 101 108 108 111 0 ------------ 104 101 108 108 111 0
  • 42.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={0,1,1,12,34}; cout<<"The input string is: "<<intArr<<endl; system("pause"); } The input string is: 0043F958 Press any key to continue #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10] = “Mohammad”; cout<<"The input string is: "<<intArr<<endl; } The input string is: Mohammad Press any key to continue Only string array can be printed by calling it by its name. Other types of arrays will simply print their location in memory
  • 43.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1==str2)? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; cout << "n"; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << str1[i]; } cout << "n------------"<< endl; for(inti = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout <<str2[i]; } cout << endl; } No! hello ------------ hello #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [] = "hello"; charstr2 [] = {'h','e','l','l','o','0'}; (str1[0]==str2[0])? cout << "Yes!": cout << "No!"; } Yes!
  • 44.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1; cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1;// WeWe cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } WeWe sd The input string is: WeWe Press any key to continue ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee The input string is: ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee Press any key to continue but with runtime exception! Out of bound exception Stops at the first white space
  • 45.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1; cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { charstr1 [10]; cin >> str1;// WeWe cout << "The input string is: " << str1 << endl; } WeWe sd The input string is: WeWe Press any key to continue ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee The input string is: ZeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZeeeeeeeeeeee Press any key to continue
  • 46.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intstr1[10]; cin>>str1; cout<<"The input string is: "<<str1<<endl; system("pause"); } Compiler error (cin>>str1;), it’s not a char array! U can’t input it as a whole! #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidmain(void) { intintArr[10]={0,1,1,12,34}; cout<<"The input string is: "<<intArr<<endl; system("pause"); } The input string is: 0043F958 Press any key to continue
  • 47.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr"<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< Arr1[i] << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr"<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i] << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr; } Press any key to continue
  • 48.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]=Arr1[i]+2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Press any key to continue
  • 49.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]+=2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Press any key to continue
  • 50.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]+=2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Press any key to continue
  • 51.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidAutoArr() { intArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Auto Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]=" << Arr1[i]<< endl; } cout << "Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets:" <<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]=+2) << endl; } } voidmain(void) { AutoArr(); } Auto Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Auto Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Press any key to continue
  • 52.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidStaticArr() { staticintArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << "Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< Arr1[i] << endl; } cout << "Arr after +2 to all elemets:"<<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]+=2) <<endl; } } voidmain(void) { StaticArr(); StaticArr(); } Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Arr: Arr1[0]=3 Arr1[1]=4 Arr1[2]=5 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=5 Arr1[1]=6 Arr1[2]=7 Press any key to continue
  • 53.
    Strings using Arrays #include<iostream> usingnamespace::std; voidStaticArr() { staticintArr1 [3] = {1,2,3}; cout << “Arr: "<< endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< Arr1[i] << endl; } cout << “Arr after +2 to all elemets:"<<endl; for(inti=0; i<3; i++) { cout << "Arr1["<< i << "]="<< (Arr1[i]=+2) <<endl; } } voidmain(void) { StaticArr(); StaticArr(); } Arr: Arr1[0]=1 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=3 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Arr: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Arr after +2 to all elemets: Arr1[0]=2 Arr1[1]=2 Arr1[2]=2 Press any key to continue