Approaches, Methods and Techniques in Teaching EPP

Approaches, Methods and Techniques in Teaching EPP

• 1.
  APPROACHES, METHODS AND TECHNIQUESIN TEACHING EPP
• 2.
  • APPROACH ISA SET OF ASSUMPTIONS THAT DEFINE BELIEFS AND THEORIES ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE LEARNER AND THE PROCESS OF LEARNING. • METHOD IS AN OVERALL FOR SYSTEMATIC PRESENTATION OF A LESSON BASED UPON A SELECTED APPROACH (BROWN, 1994). SOME AUTHORS CALL IT DESIGN. • TECHNIQUES ARE THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES MANIFESTED IN THE CLASSROOM THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH A METHOD AND THEREFORE IN HARMONY WITH AN APPROACH AS WELL (BROWN, 1994). TECHNIQUE IS REFERRED TO ALSO AS A TASK OR ACTIVITY.
• 3.
  1. DEMONSTRATION METHOD-THE DEMONSTRATION METHOD IS A DIRECT METHOD OF INSTRUCTION. IT IS REFERRED AS THE “SHOW AND TELL” METHOD. THE TEACHER SIMPLY SHOWS TO THE STUDENTS HOW A THING IS DONE AND EXPLAINS AS HE/SHE DEMONSTRATES. TWO TYPES OF DEMONSTRATION A.DEMONSTRATION OF A PRODUCT B.DEMONSTRATION OF A PROCESS
• 4.
  1.HANDS ON LEARNING MOREFORMALLY KNOWN AS EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION, REFLECTS A TEACHING PHILOSOPHY THAT PROMOTES LEARNING BY DOING. THE STRATEGY ALLOWS CHILDREN TO PRACTICE GUIDED TACTILE LEARNING IN WHICH THEY ABSORB KNOWLEDGE NOT ONLY BY LISTENING, BUT BY EXPERIENCING.
• 5.
  3. COOPERATIVE LEARNING-SOMETIMES CALLED SMALL-GROUP LEARNING, IS AN INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY IN WHICH SMALL GROUPS OF STUDENTS WORK TOGETHER ON A COMMON TASK. ACCORDING TO DAVID JOHNSON AND ROGER JOHNSON (1999), THERE ARE FIVE BASIC ELEMENTS THAT ALLOW SUCCESSFUL SMALL-GROUP LEARNING: •POSITIVE INTERDEPENDENCE: STUDENTS FEEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR OWN AND THE GROUP'S EFFORT. •FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION: STUDENTS ENCOURAGE AND SUPPORT ONE ANOTHER; THE ENVIRONMENT ENCOURAGES DISCUSSION AND EYE CONTACT.
• 6.
  •INDIVIDUAL AND GROUPACCOUNTABILITY: EACH STUDENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DOING THEIR PART; THE GROUP IS ACCOUNTABLE FOR MEETING ITS GOAL. •GROUP BEHAVIORS: GROUP MEMBERS GAIN DIRECT INSTRUCTION IN THE INTERPERSONAL, SOCIAL, AND COLLABORATIVE SKILLS NEEDED TO WORK WITH OTHERS OCCURS. •GROUP PROCESSING: GROUP MEMBERS ANALYZE THEIR OWN AND THE GROUP'S ABILITY TO WORK TOGETHER.
• 7.
  4. PROJECT METHOD/PROJECT-BASEDMETHOD THIS IS A STRATEGY WHERE LEARNERS ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE THROUGH PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF PRACTICAL PROJECTS. ACCORDING TO KILPATRICK-KAUN (2014) PROJECT CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO:
• 8.
  A.CONSTRUCTIVE PROJECT –PRACTICAL OR PHYSICAL TASKS SUCH AS CONSTRUCTION OF ARTICLE MAKING A MODEL AND PLAYING DRAMA ARE DONE IN THIS TYPE. B.AESTHETIC PROJECT – APPRECIATION POWERS OF LEARNERS ARE DEVELOPED THROUGH MUSICAL PROGRAM, BEAUTIFICATION OF THINGS AND APPRECIATION OF POEMS AND SO ON. C.PROBLEMATIC PROJECT – DEVELOP THE PROBLEM SOLVING THE CAPACITY OF LEARNERS THROUGH THEIR EXPERIENCES. D.DRILL PROJECT – IT DEVELOPS MASTERY OF THE SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE LEARNERS.
• 9.
  5. INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE MODULARTEACHING IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD AND RECOGNIZES LEARNING TECHNIQUES.
• 10.
  COMPONENTS OF MODULE: 1.TITLE– THE TITLE OF THE MODULE SHOULD BE CLEAR 2.INTRODUCTION – BACKGROUND OF THE MODULE 3.OVERVIEW-THE OVERVIEW INTRODUCES THE LEARNER TO THE THEME OF THE MODULE, ITS PURPOSE, ORGANIZATION AND USES 4.INSTRUCTION TO THE USERS – TO PROVIDE CLEAR INSTRUCTION TO THE LEARNER AS TO HOW HE SHOULD PROCEED, AND WHAT HE HAS TO DO AFTER EACH STEP 5.PRE-TEST – A PRE-TEST IS GIVEN AT THE BEGINNING 6.OBJECTIVES – THE INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES OF THE MODULE SHOULD BE CLEARLY STATED 7.LEARNING ACTIVITIES – ENABLE THE LEARNER TO DEVELOP BEHAVIOR IN PREDETERMINED DIRECTION 8.FORMATIVE TESTS – ARE GIVEN AT THE END OF EACH LEARNING UNIT/LEARNING ACTIVITY 9.SUMMATIVE EVALUATION – IS DONE WITH THE HELP OF A POST TEST
• 11.
  6. UTILIZATION OFRESOURCE PERSONS AND COMMUNITY MATERIALS • RESOURCE PERSONS ARE EXPERTS WHO CONTRIBUTE INFORMATION AND OPINIONS TO PARTICIPANTS IN A LEARNING SITUATION. THEY FREQUENTLY ARE USED TO CONDUCT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES, BUT MAY ALSO BE HELPFUL TO A COMMITTEE AT THE PROGRAM PLANNING STAGE. • IF THE TEACHER IS NOT AN EXPERT IN A GIVEN CONTENT, YOU WILL NEED RESOURCE PERSONS TO ENSURE A GOOD TRAINING WHERE PARTICIPANTS GAIN WELL-PRESENTED KNOWLEDGE. RESOURCE PERSONS DO NOT JUST ADD EXPERTISE BUT ALSO MAKE THE LEARNING MORE INTERESTING AND ATTRACTIVE FOR THE STUDENTS, AS THEY CAN INTEGRATE THEIR OWN EXPERIENCE
• 12.
  7. FIELD TRIPS,HOME VISITS AND COMMUNITY WORKS • FIELD TRIPS ARE RECOGNIZED AS IMPORTANT MOMENTS IN LEARNING; A SHARED SOCIAL EXPERIENCE THAT PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDENTS TO ENCOUNTER AND EXPLORE NOVEL THINGS IN AN AUTHENTIC SETTING.