How to Define Team Roles and Responsibilities

Shopify's product team has a neat framework for clarifying responsibilities on projects. It's called the AAA framework. Each team member is assigned one of three roles: 1. Aiming: responsible for strategy and direction of what we are building 2. Assembling: responsible for bringing the right people together and keeping them on track 3. Achieving: responsible for the day-to-day work of getting shit done (GSD) like design, code, etc. As Glen Coates shared with me, "Most companies think of hierarchy and jobs basically as this sort of single line of leadership downward, based on how senior you are. But a few years ago we introduced the AAA framework. The idea is you don’t want to take on a leadership job and suddenly be responsible for aiming when you’re really passionate about assembly, or the other way around. It’s helped us put people in the right roles and not just have one dimension of leadership that everyone has to conform to. On projects, it’s really good to be able to know who’s the aimer, responsible for the strategy. It may not be the most senior person in the room; it may be the staff designer or the staff engineer. It’s sometimes good to know that the team’s manager actually isn’t the aimer, which is by design. Then there’s usually dedicated product ops and program management people who are responsible for the assembly. And of course, the achievers, who actually do the work." Read more about Shopify's product development process → https://lnkd.in/gSdgu5me

Great leadership means embracing multiple perspectives: Especially perspectives that aren't like you. But how? Learn better mental models for team management that are inclusive and diverse. More precisely, embrace cognitive diversity. The more you understand people that don't think, act, or process like you, the more you can appreciate and respect what they bring to the table. Otherwise, you create an echo chamber, you preach to the choir, you become the emperor without clothes, and you can't lead effectively because you are always operating without a full picture view and lack a balanced perspective to make better decisions. One team management model is the PAEI model by Dr. Ichak Adizes. It identifies four crucial roles that need to be fulfilled for a team to be successful: 1. 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗿 (𝗣): The person focused on getting things done and achieving results. They're driven and task-oriented. 2. 𝗔𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿 (𝗔): The person who ensures procedures are followed and that there's order and structure. They're detail-oriented and make sure things run smoothly. 3. 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗿 (𝗘): The visionary, always looking for new ideas and opportunities. They're creative and think strategically about the future. 4. 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿 (𝗜): The person who builds relationships, fosters collaboration, and resolves conflicts. They're diplomatic and focus on team harmony. The core idea is that no single manager can embody all these roles effectively. By having a team with individuals who naturally gravitate towards these different styles, you can achieve a more well-rounded approach to leadership. The PAEI model is a versatile tool for leadership and team development. Here are some key situations where it can be applied: 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺: • 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀: Use the team charter and goals to understand the specific strengths required for success. • 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗮 𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺: Look for individuals with strengths that complement each other across the PAEI styles. 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻 𝗲𝘅𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗲𝗮𝗺: • 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗳-𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Encourage team members to identify their natural PAEI tendencies to understand their own strengths and weaknesses. • 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Evaluate the current team dynamic and identify any missing PAEI styles that could be hurting performance. • 𝗔𝗱𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀: Reshape responsibilities or consider incorporating new members to fill crucial PAEI gaps. 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗱𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: • 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀: Help leaders understand their dominant PAEI style and how it impacts their decision-making and team interactions. • 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗰 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴: Utilize the PAEI framework to consider different perspectives during planning and problem-solving. Better teams, better results!

People don’t sit with uncertainty. They fill it with assumptions. And those assumptions can lead to disconnection, rework, and frustration. Before you blame performance... Ask yourself: "Where can I provide more clarity?" Here are 4 silent Clarity Killers I see in teams: ❌ Unspoken Expectations ↳ People can't meet standards they can't see ↳ Assumptions take the place of alignment ❌ Undefined Ownership ↳ Everyone assumes someone else is responsible ↳ Which means no one truly commits ❌ Vague Commitments ↳ "Maybe" and "soon" become the new normal ↳ Deadlines blur and work drifts ❌ Unclear Feedback ↳ Growth feels random instead of intentional ↳ Problems go unasked, unresolved And the data backs it up: - Employees with role clarity are 53% more engaged - They’re 27% less likely to leave (Gallup) - Teams with clear roles are up to 25% more efficient (McKinsey) If Your Team’s Stuck, Consider this Clarity Check: ✅ Purpose → Does my team know team know why this work matters? → Have I linked it to our goals and priorities? → Does the team know what success unlocks for us? ✅ Clarity of Role → Does everyone know what they own? → Do they know what they’re not responsible for? → Can they see how their role supports others? ✅ Clarity of Expectations → Have I defined what “great” looks like? → Have I clarified how we’ll track progress? → Do they know how we’ll give and use feedback? If it’s not clear, it gets misinterpreted. Alignment starts with clarity. And clarity isn't just communication it's leadership responsibility. What needs redefining in your team? ——————— ♻️ Repost if you've seen these clarity gaps. 🔔 Follow Justin Hills for practical leadership insights.

When roles aren’t clear, progress stalls. A fast-growing startup I worked with had everything - talent, vision, and funding. Yet, execution dragged. Why? No one was clear on ownership. 🔹 50% of employees don’t fully understand their role (Gallup). 🔹 Unclear roles slow decisions by 25% (HBR). 🔹 Teams with defined accountability are 31% more productive (McKinsey). Work fell through the cracks. People hesitated. The leader assumed things were moving - until deadlines slipped. Some employees were overwhelmed, others were disengaged, and cross-functional collaboration felt chaotic. How We Fixed It ✅ Shift from tasks to outcomes → Instead of “handles reporting,” it became “ensures accurate, timely insights for decisions.” Employees started seeing their work as contributing to a larger goal, not just ticking off tasks. ✅ Clear accountability → Clearly define who’s responsible, for what, by when, for every key process. This eliminated bottlenecks and ensured that decisions weren’t delayed because "no one knew whose call it was." ✅ Make clarity a habit → Quarterly check-ins with two simple questions: → Do you know what success looks like in your role? → Where do you feel stuck? This helped leaders spot gaps before they became problems. Once roles were clear, execution sped up. Meetings became more efficient. Accountability improved. People weren’t just busy - they were moving in the right direction. Productivity increased. If your team is stuck, start here: What role ambiguity is slowing them down? #team #leadership #highperformance