Assessment Strategies for Improved Learning Outcomes

Here’s a harsh truth about assessments: If your exam feels like a trap, it probably is. 😵💫 Most assessment questions aren’t measuring anything—just checking for short-term memory. Learners deserve better. We should write assessments that teach, challenge, and reveal understanding, not confuse people with trick questions or irrelevant trivia. So I made this 👇 Here are eight techniques I use (and teach others) to write better assessment questions: 𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗡𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 – “This maps directly to the objective.” Every question should exist because of your learning goals, not despite them. 𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗠 – “This feels like the real world.” Why are you testing it if it’s not something they’d do on the job? 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 – “I’m not thrown off by format.” Clear questions = better focus on thinking, not decoding. 𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗜𝗭𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 – “I’m not spotting patterns.” No more “C is always right.” Mix it up. 𝗔𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗗 𝗡𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗦 – “I’m not getting tripped up.” Tricky wording ≠ higher difficulty. It just creates confusion. 𝗔𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗗 𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗩𝗘 – “I can’t game the system.” They’re lazy distractors. Retire them. 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗤𝗨𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗬 – “There are just enough options.” More isn’t better. Smarter is better. 𝗔𝗡𝗦𝗪𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗧𝗛𝗦 – “One answer doesn’t stand out.” Stop giving away the correct answer with extra detail. 👇 Save this for your next module. Tag a fellow learning designer who needs this. #InstructionalDesign #LearningAndDevelopment #eLearningDesign #AssessmentDesign #LXD #LearningCulture

Each of these assessment methods brings its own lens to understanding student learning, and they shine especially when used together. Here’s a breakdown that dives a bit deeper into their purpose and power: 🧠 Pre-Assessments • What it is: Tools used before instruction to gauge prior knowledge, skills, or misconceptions. • Educator insight: Helps identify starting points for differentiation and set realistic goals for growth. • Example: A quick math quiz before a new unit reveals which students need foundational skill reinforcement. 👀 Observational Assessments • What it is: Informal monitoring of student behavior, engagement, and collaboration. • Educator insight: Uncovers social-emotional strengths, learning styles, and peer dynamics. • Example: Watching how students approach a group project can highlight leadership, empathy, or avoidance patterns. 🧩 Performance Tasks • What it is: Authentic, real-world challenges that require applying skills and concepts. • Educator insight: Shows depth of understanding, creativity, and the ability to transfer knowledge. • Example: Students design a sustainable garden using math, science, and writing demonstrating interdisciplinary growth. 🌟 Student Self-Assessments • What it is: Opportunities for students to reflect on their own learning, mindset, and effort. • Educator insight: Builds metacognition, ownership, and emotional insight into learning barriers or motivators. • Example: A weekly check-in journal where students rate their effort and note areas they’d like help with. 🔄 Formative Assessments • What it is: Ongoing “check-ins” embedded in instruction to gauge progress and adjust teaching. • Educator insight: Provides real-time data to pivot strategies before misconceptions solidify. • Example: Exit tickets or digital polls that reveal comprehension right after a lesson. These aren’t just data points they’re tools for connection, curiosity, and building bridges between where a student is and where they’re capable of going. #EmpoweredLearningJourney

When we actively recall/retrieve information our brains put a little hashtag on it: #useful. And those tags compound with more retrievals. In addition, memories are best strengthened if they are retrieved just before we forget them. This means that the time between retrievals should increase with each one. Furthermore, the fewer cues we are given for recall increases the likelihood of making more associations between new information and prior knowledge. As such, learners can think analogously & apply concepts across contexts. Strategy 1: Use low stakes formative assessments as retrieval practice to enhance memory retention. Strategy 2: Incrementally increase the space between retrieval practice to maximize the effect. Strategy 3: Gradually increase the complexity of retrieval practice using the three types of recall to enhance depth of understanding. 3-4 of these retrieval events will suffice at about 15 minutes per. 🧠 Go for recall over recognition:  Don’t use multiple choice questions as a summative assessment because in the real world they won’t be given a set of options where one is the correct answer. Learners being forced to generate the information is more effective. Free recall is more effective than cued recall and recognition, though it’s prudent for learners to work their way up from recognition to recall. 🔠 Make sure the context and mode of retrieval is varied:  Mix it up. One day they post a video. Next, have them write something. The Later, have them create a diagram or map, etc. Generating information in multiple modes is even more powerful than being presented information in multiple representations. What’s more, this also goes for practicing related information in varying combinations. See Interleaving. 🌉 Make sure retrieval practice is properly scaffolded and elaborative:  Go from concrete to abstract, simple to complex, easy to difficult; from questions to answer to problems to solve. Each retrieval event along the curve should be increasingly more involved to create a Desirable Difficulty. See also Bruner's Spiraling Curriculum & Reigeluth’s Elaboration Theory. 💡 Push creation of concrete examples, metaphors, and analogies:  Concrete examples and analogous thinking have a high positive impact on memory. Especially if it is learner-generated. This provides students with the opportunity to put new, abstract concepts in terms of what they already know. It updates their existing schemas. 🔁 Give feedback, and time it right:  If you’re not giving feedback that is corrective and often, your learners might suffer from confusion or even start to develop bad habits. But don’t wait too long to do it. Check out PREP feedback and Quality Matters helpful recommendations. Be sure to fade feedback as student develop mastery. #instructionaldesign #teachingandlearning #retrievalpractice

Last week, a colleague asked: "How can I assess student writing when I don't know if they wrote it themselves?" My response: "What if they defined the assessment criteria themselves?" This semester, I've experimented with student-defined outcomes for major projects. Rather than providing a standard rubric, I've asked students to develop their own success criteria within broad learning goals. The results have transformed not just assessment, but the entire student relationship with AI tools. Maya*, the student developing a denim brand market study, created assessment categories that included "market insight originality," "data visualization effectiveness," and "authentic brand voice development." These self-defined criteria became guiding principles – and completely changed her approach to using AI. "I catch myself asking better questions now," she told me. "Instead of 'help me write this section,' I'm asking 'does this analysis seem original compared to standard market reports?'" This highlights the "assessment ownership effect" – when students help create the criteria for quality, they develop internal standards that guide both their work and their AI interactions. I've documented four key benefits of this co-created assessment approach: Metacognitive Development: Students must reflect on what constitutes quality Intrinsic Motivation: Self-defined standards create stronger investment Selective AI Usage: Students use AI more thoughtfully to meet specific quality dimensions Authentic Evaluation: Discussions shift from "did you do this yourself?" to "does this meet our standards?" When students merely follow teacher-defined rubrics, AI can become a tool for compliance. When they define quality themselves, AI becomes a thought partner in achieving standards they genuinely value. Implementing this approach means starting with broader learning outcomes and then guiding students to define specific success indicators. It requires trust that students, when given responsibility, will often exceed our expectations. What assignment might you reimagine by inviting students to co-create the assessment criteria? *Name changed #AssessmentInnovation #StudentAgency #AILiteracy #AuthenticLearning Pragmatic AI Solutions Alfonso Mendoza Jr., M.Ed. Polina Sapunova Sabrina Ramonov 🍄Thomas Hummel France Q. Hoang Pat Yongpradit Aman Kumar Mike Kentz Phillip Alcock

Many of the traditional multiple choice questions we use in assessment are abstract and measure only whether people recall facts they heard in the last 5 minutes. Converting these questions to scenario-based questions can increase the level of difficulty, measure higher level skills, and provide relevant context. 🎯 Transform traditional recall-based quiz questions into practical scenario-based questions to test actual job skills and decision-making abilities. 💡 Before writing questions, identify when and how learners would use the information in real work situations. If you can't find a practical use, reconsider the question. 📝 Keep scenarios concise and relevant. Often just 2-3 sentences of context can shift a question from testing memory to testing application. 📊 Align assessment questions with learning objectives. If your objective is application-level, your questions should test application rather than recall. Read more tips and see before and after question examples: https://lnkd.in/eARzjDfJ

Assessment sciences must move beyond the numbers. Here's how incorporating qualitative research methods can help us build better assessments: ▶️ 𝗘𝗻𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗩𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗱𝗶𝘁𝘆: Interviews with stakeholders can provide valuable insights into the knowledge, skills, and abilities most important to assess in a particular context. ▶️ 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: Discussions with target populations can reveal how individuals interpret questions, identify potential biases, and suggest improvements to item wording and clarity. ▶️ 𝗜𝗻𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆: Focus groups with diverse examinees can provide valuable input on the usability and accessibility of assessment materials. ▶️ 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗳𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗶𝗮𝘀: Relying solely on numbers can hide biases that may be present in assessments. Qualitative methods can help identify and address potential cultural biases in assessment items and procedures. ▶️ 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘅𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: Qualitative methods, like interviews and observations, help us understand the "why" behind performance, not just the "what." ▶️ 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀: Discussions with score users on how best to report assessment performance can help to increase assessments' utility. Overall, for the assessment sciences to be truly effective, we must adopt a mixed-methods approach to training and research. Although resource-intensive, incorporating greater qualitative methods will help us create more valid, reliable, and equitable assessments. Check out Andrew Ho's latest paper for a great discussion on why assessment "must be qualitative, then quantitative, then qualitative again": https://lnkd.in/gxysNAjY ---- Disclaimer: The opinions and views expressed in this post are my own and do not necessarily represent the official position of my current employer.

I've always believed that assessment is the unlock for systemic education transformation. What you measure IS what matters. Healthcare was transformed by a diagnostic revolution and now we are about to enter a golden era of AI-powered diagnostics in education. BUT we have to figure out WHAT we are assessing! Ulrich Boser's article in Forbes points the way for math: rather than assessing right answer vs wrong answer, assessments can now drill down to the core misconceptions in a matter of 8-12 questions. Instead of educators teaching the curriculum or "to standards" we now have tools that allow them teach to and resolve foundational misunderstandings of the core building blocks of math. When a student misses an algebra question is it due to algebraic math skills or is it multiplying and dividing fractions? Now we will know! Leading the charge is |= Eedi - they have mapped millions of data points across thousands of questions to build the predictive model that can adaptively diagnose misconceptions (basically each question learns from the last question), and then Eedi suggests activities for the educator or tutor to do with the student to address that misconception. This is the same kind of big data strategy used by Duolingo, the leading adaptive language learning platform. It's exciting to see these theoretical breakthroughs applied in real classrooms with real students! Next time we should talk about the assessment breakthroughs happening in other subjects. Hint: performance assessment tasks - formative & summative - are finally practical to assess!! #ai #aieducation Edtech Insiders Alex Kumar Schmidt Futures Eric The Learning Agency Meg Tom Dan #math Laurence Norman Eric https://lnkd.in/gxjj_zMW