Technical Advisor Social Science, Monitoring and Evaluation
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MRV is not a bureaucratic burden—it is the backbone of credible climate action. This guide, developed by UNEP Risø, provides a practical and institutional roadmap for countries aiming to design robust Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems that support Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). It redefines MRV as more than a technical function—it is a mechanism for transparency, trust, and transformation, aligning national priorities with international obligations while enabling access to climate finance and fostering low-emission development. – It introduces the dual-layer MRV framework: National MRV systems for GHG inventories and policy tracking – and NAMA-specific MRV for action-level impact assessment – It outlines core MRV functions: Measurement of emissions and mitigation results – Reporting to UNFCCC and donors – and Verification through international and national processes – It details key MRV components: Baseline Definition – Emissions Estimation – Data Management Systems – Institutional Coordination – and QA/QC Procedures – It explains international alignment: BURs, National Communications, ICA process, and UNFCCC verification standards using TCCCA criteria (Transparency, Consistency, Comparability, Completeness, Accuracy) – It addresses real-world barriers and responses: Institutional fragmentation – Data gaps – Loss of expertise – Financing challenges – and Continuous Improvement protocols This is not a climate policy overview—it is a field-level operational guide for national climate agencies, M&E experts, and mitigation planners who must deliver real results under global scrutiny. Whether you are setting up an MRV unit, verifying emission reductions, or linking NAMAs to development goals, this document equips you to build a transparent, responsive, and technically sound MRV system that turns ambition into measurable progress.