From the course: Telecom Network Evolution: 2G-to-6G Technologies, Architecture, and Key Concepts

6G key capabilities

From the course: Telecom Network Evolution: 2G-to-6G Technologies, Architecture, and Key Concepts

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6G key capabilities

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(upbeat music) - [Instructor] What if your device could download an entire 8K movie in just under a second? Or imagine a drone performing precision agriculture at super speeds while staying connected to a cloud AI in real time. Which sounds futuristic, but this is the upcoming world of 6G. After understanding the key capabilities of 5G, let's now shift our focus to 6G, which falls under IMT 2030, which is the next global standard for mobile broadband and beyond. So what makes 6G different? Let's break it down by comparing it with 4G and 5G across different segments, starting with the peak data rate, where in 4G, it was the one Gbps totaling speed, and in 5G it was 20 Gbps. But in the case of 6G, it takes a massive leap and goes up to 1000 Gbps. That is one terabytes per second in downlink. Imagine backing up your entire phone photos, apps, videos to the cloud in less than a few seconds. That is the kind of speed we are talking about. And this is made possible through technologies like Terahertz, Spectrum, Massive MIMO, and millimeter wave expansion, which is pushing the boundaries of how fast data can move. Now along with the cell level speeds, we need to be mindful about what actually user gets in case of the downlink data speeds. 4G, we talked about supporting 10 Mbps, 5G supporting 100 Mbps, and in 6G we are aiming for a consistent one GBPS per user, even in that dense urban environment. So think of simultaneous ultra HD video conferencing or real time holograms, or even for augmented and virtual reality collaboration. All is happening without any glitch. If we talk about the delay or latency 4G offered, delay around 10 millisecond. 5G, reduce it down to one millisecond, enabling near realtime responses. 6G has slashed it down to 0.1 millisecond. This enables remote robotic surgeries where even a tiny delay could be life threatening, with 6G a surgeon in New York could operate a patient somewhere in the Tokyo with real time precision. If we talk about the Spectrum efficiency, in case of the 6G, the efficiency has gone three times higher as that of 5G. If we talk about mobility as user move faster, maintaining a stable connection becomes harder. 4G supported 350 kilometers per hour. 5G extended it to 500 kilometer per hour. 6G goes all the way to 1,000 kilometer per hour, which enables connectivity on hypersonic vehicles or high altitude drones. So picture streaming a 8K sports match while traveling on a very high speed train at maybe 800 kilometer per hour without any buffering. That is 6G in action. We talked about so many different key capabilities and all are more focused on the mobile devices, but let's talk about the other internet of things devices, where millions of devices needs to be connected to the network. And 6G in this case, is allowing 10 million devices per square kilometer to be connected to a particular site or a cell, which is 10 times higher as compared to 5G. And this unlocks the potential for true smart cities where sensors, vehicles, industrial machines, and even the infrastructure are constantly connected and communicating without crashing the network. Efficiency in terms of energy is a very important factor going forward. And 6G is expected to be 300 times more energy efficient than 5G. And this matters because energy costs may create a major chunk of telecom operational expenditure and can impose a heavy burden on the operator simultaneously. It could also lead to higher carbon emission if we don't control the energy consumption on so many devices. So 6G networks could autonomously power down the idle resources and use green AI algorithms and optimizing routing to drastically cut energy usage. If we see overall, because the future isn't just about faster phones, it's about enabling a world where everything is connected, responsive, and intelligent. So from AI powered edge computing to real time holographic communication, to intelligent robotics, 6G is laying the foundation for a truly immersive digital future.

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