TL;DR

The reasons that you see differences in the result of Java vs. Python are:

1. different values are used in Java vs. Python for pbkdf2_hmac
2. the current time is used as part of the input, which changes between runs
3. byteArrayOutputStream.write(bArr); introduces a slighted longer string in Java output.

My guess is 3 is what you are looking for, but let me put out a long answer of thought process for above conclusions.

Long answer

Reproduce the issue

Complete Java source code that runs:

package answer;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import java.util.Arrays;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;

import java.util.Base64;

public class SO56189889 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String auth_key = "d4eee068-272a-4aec-9681-5e16dcef6fbd";
        SimpleDateFormat var0 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSSSSS'Z'", Locale.US);
        var0.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));

        // random key from /keys endpoint
        String formatted = var0.format(getSeedDate());

        String payload = auth_key + "|" + formatted;
        System.out.println(payload);
        String outputVal = magic(payload, "bd1676b5-5ce3-4351-a39b-36a7b7219c11"); // x-vmob-uid
        System.out.println(outputVal.length());
        System.out.println(outputVal);
    }

    public static Date getSeedDate() {
        Date now = new Date(Long.valueOf((new Date()).getTime() - 1000 * 10 * 60));
        return now;
    }

    public static String magic(String str, String str2) {
        try {
            byte[] bArr = new byte[8];
            // new SecureRandom().nextBytes(bArr);
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                bArr[i] = 'X';
            }
            String temp = new String(bArr);
            System.out.println(temp);

            byte[] encoded = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1")
                    .generateSecret(new PBEKeySpec(str2.toCharArray(), bArr, 100, 384)).getEncoded();
            SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(encoded, 0, 32), "AES");

            Cipher instance = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
            // XXX: use Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE (was: instance.ENCRYPT_MODE)
            instance.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec,
                    new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(encoded, 32, 48)));
            byte[] doFinal = instance.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));

            ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(doFinal);
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(bArr);

            System.out.println("no exception, everything OK");

            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
            return "NOT WORKING";
        }
    }
}

Complete Python code that runs:

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto import Random
import base64
from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac
import binascii
import os
import datetime, time

def pad(byte_array):
    BLOCK_SIZE = 16
    pad_len = BLOCK_SIZE - len(byte_array) % BLOCK_SIZE
    return byte_array + (bytes([pad_len]) * pad_len)

# salt = os.urandom(8)
salt = b'XXXXXXXX'
print(salt)
print('---------------')

key = pbkdf2_hmac(
hash_name = 'SHA1', 
# password = b"75820705-2b7a-46dc-b811-0f6ad4ff33af", 
password = b"bd1676b5-5ce3-4351-a39b-36a7b7219c11",
# salt = os.urandom(8), 
salt = salt,
iterations = 100, 
dklen = 384
)

auth_key = "d4eee068-272a-4aec-9681-5e16dcef6fbd"
x = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()-1000*10*60)
timedate = x
# payload = auth_key+"|" + x.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.0000%f')[:-3]+"Z"
payload = "d4eee068-272a-4aec-9681-5e16dcef6fbd|1970-01-01T00:00:00.0000000Z"
print(payload)
print('-----------------')

cipher = AES.new(key[:32], AES.MODE_CBC, key[32:48])
plain = pad(payload.encode("UTF-8"))
encrypted_text = cipher.encrypt(plain)

result = base64.b64encode(encrypted_text).decode("UTF-8")
print(len(result))
print(result)

Make sure input of Java program does not change

In above Java code, the variation come from:

• getSeedDate()

• new SecureRandom().nextBytes(bArr); in magic()

Let's change them:

public static Date getSeedDate() {
    Date seed = new Date(0L);    // 0L: the milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
    return seed;
}

// new SecureRandom().nextBytes(bArr);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    bArr[i] = 'X';
}

Now the Java output is always the same: Z6iTzNaJcDVdL5Rv8psb1D+xakq4By4KUxipmVv0ASjZUfIZO3nu+an5p27BxQ+x1+qoMLgD4vEub5PWcs69FDFy4y2etgiBCiCVnOM6RFlYWFhYWFhYWA==

Make sure input of Python program does not change

Change the following so that Python program uses the identical values of the Java program.

# payload = auth_key+"|" + x.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.0000%f')[:-3]+"Z"
payload = "d4eee068-272a-4aec-9681-5e16dcef6fbd|1970-01-01T00:00:00.0000000Z"

# salt = os.urandom(8)
salt = b'XXXXXXXX'

key = pbkdf2_hmac(
hash_name = 'SHA1', 
# password = b"75820705-2b7a-46dc-b811-0f6ad4ff33af", 
password = b"bd1676b5-5ce3-4351-a39b-36a7b7219c11",
salt = salt,
iterations = 100, 
dklen = 384
)

Note the password needs to be identical with what is in Java.

Now the Python program always output: Z6iTzNaJcDVdL5Rv8psb1D+xakq4By4KUxipmVv0ASjZUfIZO3nu+an5p27BxQ+x1+qoMLgD4vEub5PWcs69FDFy4y2etgiBCiCVnOM6RFk=

Compare the results

Java outputVal.length() is 120, and Python len(result) is 108.

Let's see them together:

Java: Z6iTzNaJcDVdL5Rv8psb1D+xakq4By4KUxipmVv0ASjZUfIZO3nu+an5p27BxQ+x1+qoMLgD4vEub5PWcs69FDFy4y2etgiBCiCVnOM6RFlYWFhYWFhYWA==

Python: Z6iTzNaJcDVdL5Rv8psb1D+xakq4By4KUxipmVv0ASjZUfIZO3nu+an5p27BxQ+x1+qoMLgD4vEub5PWcs69FDFy4y2etgiBCiCVnOM6RFk=

Try and error

At this point, i notice that in Java, you have doFinal and bArr,

byteArrayOutputStream.write(doFinal);
byteArrayOutputStream.write(bArr);

Whereas in Python, you only use the plain

plain = pad(payload.encode("UTF-8"))
encrypted_text = cipher.encrypt(plain)

result = base64.b64encode(encrypted_text).decode("UTF-8")

An experiment shows removing the byteArrayOutputStream.write(bArr); in Java generates the exact string as Python.

After thoughts

• make sure the inputs are the same before you compare the results

• double check the strings you use

• try-and-error can actually work in some cases