This notebook was prepared by Donne Martin. Source and license info is on GitHub.

Solution Notebook¶

Problem: Invert a binary tree.¶

Constraints¶

What does it mean to invert a binary tree?
- Swap all left and right node pairs
Can we assume we already have a Node class?
- Yes
Can we assume the inputs are valid?
- No
Can we assume this fits memory?
- Yes

Test Cases¶

Input:
     5
   /   \
  2     7
 / \   / \
1   3 6   9

Output:
     5
   /   \
  7     2
 / \   / \
9   6 3   1

Algorithm¶

Base case
- If the root is None, return
Recursive case
- Recurse on the left node
- Recurse on the right node
- Swap left and right
Return the node

Complexity:

Time: O(n)
Space: O(h), where h is the height, for the recursion depth

Code¶

In [1]:

%run ../bst/bst.py

In [2]:

class InverseBst(Bst):

    def invert_tree(self):
        if self.root is None:
            raise TypeError('root cannot be None')
        return self._invert_tree(self.root)

    def _invert_tree(self, root):
        if root is None:
            return
        self._invert_tree(root.left)
        self._invert_tree(root.right)
        root.left, root.right = root.right, root.left
        return root

Unit Test¶

In [3]:

%%writefile test_invert_tree.py
import unittest


class TestInvertTree(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_invert_tree(self):
        root = Node(5)
        bst = InverseBst(root)
        node2 = bst.insert(2)
        node3 = bst.insert(3)
        node1 = bst.insert(1)
        node7 = bst.insert(7)
        node6 = bst.insert(6)
        node9 = bst.insert(9)
        result = bst.invert_tree()
        self.assertEqual(result, root)
        self.assertEqual(result.left, node7)
        self.assertEqual(result.right, node2)
        self.assertEqual(result.left.left, node9)
        self.assertEqual(result.left.right, node6)
        self.assertEqual(result.right.left, node3)
        self.assertEqual(result.right.right, node1)
        print('Success: test_invert_tree')


def main():
    test = TestInvertTree()
    test.test_invert_tree()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Overwriting test_invert_tree.py

In [4]:

%run -i test_invert_tree.py

Success: test_invert_tree